Çatışma ve Barış Tesisi Süreçlerinde Çocukların Devşirilmesi ve Kullanılması Sorunu: Kolombiya Örneği

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 22 - 53, 15.02.2023

Onur Ağkaya

https://doi.org/10.53376/ap.2023.02

Abstract

Çocukların, dünya üzerinde devam eden çatışmalardan etkilenmeleri ve silahlı gruplar tarafından devşirilerek kullanılmaları, uluslararası toplumun en acil sorunlarındandır. Yaklaşık 60 yıldan fazladır devam eden Kolombiya İç Savaşı örneğinde de milyonlarca çocuk çatışmaların kurbanı olmuş ve silahlı aktörler tarafından kullanılmıştır ve kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Kolombiya’daki çatışmanın muhtemel seyri, çatışmanın çözümü ve barışın tesisi için odaklanılması gereken en önemli hususlarından biri olan çocuk savaşçılar sorununa dair bir analiz sunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışma, çocuk savaşçılar kavramı ve ilgili yaklaşımları ele almaktadır. Daha sonra, çalışmada, Kolombiya İç Savaşı’nda çözüm süreci ve barış tesisi girişimlerinde çocuk savaşçılar sorununa yönelik değerlendirmelerde bulunulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışma, Kolombiya örneğinin birçok eksiklik ve başarısızlığa rağmen bugün gelinen noktada çatışmanın sonlandırılması, savaşta kullanılan ve silah bırakan çocukların toplumla yeniden bütünleştirilmesi için birçok fırsat barındırdığını ve dünyaya örnek teşkil edecek uygulamalar sunduğunu savunmaktadır.

Keywords

Çocuk Savaşçılar, Çatışma Çözümü, Barış Tesisi, Kolombiya, Kolombiya Barış Süreci

Problem of Child Recruitment and Use During Conflicts and Peace Building Processes: The Colombian Case

Abstract

The effects of ongoing conflicts on children and child recruitment and deployment by armed actors around the world are the most urgent problems of the international society. In the case of the Colombian Civil War, which has been going on for more than 60 years, millions of children have been victims of conflicts and have been used and continue to be used by armed actors. This study presents an analysis of child fighters, as one of the most critical issues to focus on for the probable course of the conflict, conflict resolution, and peace-building in Colombia. In this respect, the study first delves into the concept of child fighters and related approaches. In the study, the problem of child fighters in the resolution process and peace-building initiatives in the Colombian Civil War is scrutinized in detail. Correspondingly, the study argues that, despite many shortcomings and failures, the Colombian example presents numerous opportunities to end the conflict and reintegrate demobilized child soldiers into society at the point reached today as it also provides practices that will constitute exemplary sets for the world.

Keywords

Child Fighters, Conflict Resolution, Peace Building, Colombia, Colombian Peace Process

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