Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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Ghosting: ''Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma''

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 37 - 56, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.58434/apdad.1284984b

Abstract

Ghosting, herhangi bir açıklama yapılmadan bir ilişkiyi bitirmeyi ve partnerin tüm ulaşım kanallarını kapatarak bir ‘’yok olma’’ eylemini ifade etmektedir. Ghostingde partnerle sosyal medya üzerinden iletişim kesilerek bireyin kendini geri çekilmesi yoluyla ilişki sonlandırılmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda ghostingi uygulayan kişinin hiçbir açıklama yapmadan ortadan kaybolması, maruz kalana belirsizlikten kaynaklanan stres yaşatacak, endişe ve kafa karışıklığına neden olabilmektedir. Ghostinge maruz kalan bireyler ghosterlardan belki bir cevap alabilecekleri düşüncesiyle iletişime geçebilmektedirler. Romantik ilişkinin herhangi bir evresinde ortaya çıkabilen bu durumun, ruh sağlığı üzerinde ciddi etkilerinin olduğu görülmektedir. Ghosteelerin; yaşamları üzerinde kontrollerine olan inançları, özsaygıları, aidiyet ihtiyaçları ve anlamlı varoluşa sahip olduklarına yönelik inançları sarsılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ghosting’i tanımlamak; ortaya çıkış nedenlerini, sonuçlarını ve psikolojik etkilerini açıklayarak alandaki Ghosting kavramına yönelik bir eksikliği doldurmak ve ruh sağlığı çalışanlarına bir farkındalık çerçevesi sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.

References

  • Azura, R. T. ve Ardi, R. (2022). Hubungan Moral Disengagement dan Kecenderungan Perilaku Ghosting dalam Kencan Online Tinder. Buletin Penelitian Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 2(1), 337-347.
  • Barbee, A. P., Cunningham, M. R., Druen, P. B. ve Yankeelov, P. A. (1996). Loss of passion, intimacy, and commitment: A conceptual framework for relationship researchers. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 1, 93–108.
  • Baxter, L. A. (1984). Trajectories of relationship disengagement. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1, 24–48.
  • Boss P. (2007). Ambiguous loss theory: Challenges for scholars and practitioners. Family Relations, 56, 105–111.
  • Bowlby, J. Ttachment and Loss, Vol. 2: Separation Anxiety and Anger; Basic Books: New York, NY, USA, 1973.
  • Bredow, C. A., Cate, R. M. ve Huston, T. L. (2008). Have we met before? A conceptual model of first romantic encounters. Sprecher, S., Wenzel, A. ve Harvey, J. (Ed.), Handbook of relationship initiation (s. 2–28) içinde. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Cambridge İngilizce Sözlük 04.01.2023 tarinde https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk/ ingilizce/ghosting adresinden erişildi.
  • Cavallo, J. V., Fitzsimons, G. M. ve Holmes, J. G. (2010). When self-protection overreaches: Relationship-specific threat activates domain-general avoidance motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 1-8.
  • Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: a proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 573–588.
  • Coner-Edwards, A.F. (1988). Mate Selection and Psychological Need. In Black Families in Crisis; Routledge: Oxfordshire, UK.
  • Descutner, C.J.; Thelen, M.H. (1991). Development and Validation of a Fear-of-Intimacy Scale. Psychol. Assess. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 3, 218–225.
  • Doering J. (2010). Face, accounts, and schemes in the context of relationship breakups. Symbolic Interaction, 33, 71–95.
  • Dwyer, C. (2007). Digital relationships in the “My Space” generation: Result from qualitative study. 40th Annual Havaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, Big Island.
  • Frazier P. A. ve Hurliman L. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder following low and high magnitude events, Unpublished manuscript, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
  • Freedman, G., Powell, D. N., Le, B. ve Williams, D. K. (2022). Emotional experiences of ghosting. The Journal of Social Psychology, 1-20.
  • Freedman, G., Powell, D. N., Le, B. ve Williams, K. D. (2019). Ghosting and destiny: Implicit theories of relationships predict beliefs about ghosting. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(3), 905-924.
  • Gable, S. L. ve Impett, E. A. (2012). Approach and avoidance motives and close relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(1), 95-108.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualised as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
  • Justifications for “ghosting out” of developing or ongoing romantic relationships: Anxieties regarding digitally-mediated romantic interaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(3), 905-924.
  • Kıral, Ö. (2019). Erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ve gençlerin deneyimlediği romantik ayrılık sonrası yas arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: bir karma yöntem araştırması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ted Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kıvanç, S. (2022). Yakın ilişkilere güncel bir bakış: Çevrimiçi buluşma uygulamaları kullanım motivasyonlarının ilişki sonlandırma stilleri üzerindeki etkisi ve karanlık üçlü kişilik özelliklerinin rolü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin.
  • Koessler, R. B., Kohut, T. ve Campbell, L. (2019). When your boo becomes a ghost: The association between breakup strategy and breakup role in experiences of relationship dissolution. Collabra Psychology, 5(1).
  • LeFebvre, L. (2017). Swipe right for love: The impact of social media in modern romantic relationships. N. Punyanunt-Carter ve J. Wrench (Ed.), Phantom Lovers: Ghosting as a Relationship Dissolution Strategy in the Technological Age içinde (s. 219-236). Lanham, MD: Rowman ve Littlefield.
  • LeFebvre, L. E., Allen, M., Rasner, R. D., Garstad, S., Wilms, A. ve Parrish, C. (2019). Ghosting in emerging adults’ romantic relationships: The digital dissolution disappearance strategy. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 39(2), 125–150
  • LeFebvre, L. E., Ramirez, A., Hayes, J. ve Gabrielson, G. (2019). Finding, seeking, and communicating in relationship initiation: Exploring the pathway of modality switching and information-seeking. Paper presented to the Human Communication and Technology Division at the National Communication Association Conference in Baltimore, Maryland.
  • Manning, J., Buchanan, C. ve Denker, K. J. (2019). Ghosting: Defining a relational communication phenomenon. International Communication Association, Washington, D.C.
  • Marini, L. ve Sembiring, V. R. (2021). Psychological distress of ghosting victims in early adulthood. Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 16(2), 47-50.
  • Navarro, R., Larrañaga, E., Yubero, S. ve Víllora, B. (2020). Psychological correlates of ghosting and breadcrumbing experiences: A preliminary study among adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 1116.
  • Ottenbreit, N. D. ve Dobson, K. S. (2004). Avoidance and depression: the construction of the Cognitive–Behavioral Avoidance Scale. Behaviour research and therapy, 42(3), 293-313.
  • Perilloux, C. ve Buss, D. M. (2008). Breaking up romantic relationships: Costs experienced and coping strategies deployed. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1)
  • Powell, D. N., Freedman, G., Le, B. ve Williams, K. D. (2022). Exploring individuals’ descriptive and injunctive norms of ghosting. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 16(3).
  • Powell, D. N., Freedman, G., Williams, K. D., Le, B. ve Green, H. (2021). A multi-study examination of attachment and implicit theories of relationships in ghosting experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(7), 2225-2248.
  • Regan, P. C. (2017). The mating game: A primer on love, sex, and marriage. LosAngeles, CA: Sage.
  • Sprecher, S. (1994). Two sides to the breakup of dating relationships. Personal Relationships, 1(3), 199–222.
  • Sulymka, S. I. (2022). What makes a ghoster? (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Arts, University of Regina).
  • Tashiro, T., ve Frazier, P. (2003). “I’ll never be in a relationship like that again”: Personal growth following romantic relationship breakups. Personal Relationships, 10(1), 113–128.
  • Timmermans, E., Hermans, A. M., ve Opree, S. J. (2021). Gone with the wind: Exploring mobile daters’ ghosting experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(2), 783-801.
  • Tong, S. T. ve Walther, J. B. (2011). Just say “no thanks”: Romantic rejection in computer-mediated communication. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28, 488–506.
  • Van Ouytsel J., Van Gool E., Walrave M., Ponnet K. ve Peeters E. (2016). Exploring the role of social networking sites within adolescent romantic relationships and dating experiences. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 76–86.
  • Vangelisti, A. L., & Beck, G. (2007). Intimacy and fear of intimacy. Low-cost approaches to promote physical and mental health: Theory, research, and practice, 395-414.
  • Yap, M. A., Francisco, A. M. ve Gopez, C. (2021). From best friends to silent ends: Exploring the concepts of ghosting in non-romantic relationships. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 2(10), 943-950.
  • Zytko, D., Grandhi, S. ve Jones, Q. G. (2014). Impression management through communication in online dating. CSCW’14 Companion Proceedings of the companion publication of the 17th ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work & social computing. New York, NY.
  • Wolgast, M., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2013). Experiential avoidance as an emotion regulatory function: An empirical analysis of experiential avoidance in relation to behavioral avoidance, cognitive reappraisal, and response suppression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42(3), 224-232.

Ghosting: ''Disappearance as a Relationship Dissolution Strategy

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 37 - 56, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.58434/apdad.1284984b

Abstract

Ghosting refers to the act of ending a relationship without any explanation and closing all the partner's transportation channels, almost an act of "extinction". In ghosting, communication with the partner is cut off via social media and the relationship is terminated by withdrawal of the individual. As a result, ghoster will cause stress, anxiety and confusion to the ghostee due to uncertainty. Afterwards, ghostee can try to contact them with the thought that they can get an answer from the ghosters who suddenly cut off communication with them. This situation, seems to have serious effects on mental health. Individuals exposed to ghosting; their belief in control over their lives, their self-esteem, their need for belonging, and their belief that they have a meaningful existence are shaken. In this study, to define ghosting, It is aimed to fill a gap in the concept of ghosting in the field by explaining the reasons for its emergence, the results and psychological effects of this situation, and to provide an awareness framework for mental health professionals on this issue.

References

  • Azura, R. T. ve Ardi, R. (2022). Hubungan Moral Disengagement dan Kecenderungan Perilaku Ghosting dalam Kencan Online Tinder. Buletin Penelitian Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 2(1), 337-347.
  • Barbee, A. P., Cunningham, M. R., Druen, P. B. ve Yankeelov, P. A. (1996). Loss of passion, intimacy, and commitment: A conceptual framework for relationship researchers. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 1, 93–108.
  • Baxter, L. A. (1984). Trajectories of relationship disengagement. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1, 24–48.
  • Boss P. (2007). Ambiguous loss theory: Challenges for scholars and practitioners. Family Relations, 56, 105–111.
  • Bowlby, J. Ttachment and Loss, Vol. 2: Separation Anxiety and Anger; Basic Books: New York, NY, USA, 1973.
  • Bredow, C. A., Cate, R. M. ve Huston, T. L. (2008). Have we met before? A conceptual model of first romantic encounters. Sprecher, S., Wenzel, A. ve Harvey, J. (Ed.), Handbook of relationship initiation (s. 2–28) içinde. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Cambridge İngilizce Sözlük 04.01.2023 tarinde https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk/ ingilizce/ghosting adresinden erişildi.
  • Cavallo, J. V., Fitzsimons, G. M. ve Holmes, J. G. (2010). When self-protection overreaches: Relationship-specific threat activates domain-general avoidance motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 1-8.
  • Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: a proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 573–588.
  • Coner-Edwards, A.F. (1988). Mate Selection and Psychological Need. In Black Families in Crisis; Routledge: Oxfordshire, UK.
  • Descutner, C.J.; Thelen, M.H. (1991). Development and Validation of a Fear-of-Intimacy Scale. Psychol. Assess. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 3, 218–225.
  • Doering J. (2010). Face, accounts, and schemes in the context of relationship breakups. Symbolic Interaction, 33, 71–95.
  • Dwyer, C. (2007). Digital relationships in the “My Space” generation: Result from qualitative study. 40th Annual Havaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, Big Island.
  • Frazier P. A. ve Hurliman L. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder following low and high magnitude events, Unpublished manuscript, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
  • Freedman, G., Powell, D. N., Le, B. ve Williams, D. K. (2022). Emotional experiences of ghosting. The Journal of Social Psychology, 1-20.
  • Freedman, G., Powell, D. N., Le, B. ve Williams, K. D. (2019). Ghosting and destiny: Implicit theories of relationships predict beliefs about ghosting. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(3), 905-924.
  • Gable, S. L. ve Impett, E. A. (2012). Approach and avoidance motives and close relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(1), 95-108.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualised as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
  • Justifications for “ghosting out” of developing or ongoing romantic relationships: Anxieties regarding digitally-mediated romantic interaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(3), 905-924.
  • Kıral, Ö. (2019). Erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ve gençlerin deneyimlediği romantik ayrılık sonrası yas arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: bir karma yöntem araştırması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ted Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kıvanç, S. (2022). Yakın ilişkilere güncel bir bakış: Çevrimiçi buluşma uygulamaları kullanım motivasyonlarının ilişki sonlandırma stilleri üzerindeki etkisi ve karanlık üçlü kişilik özelliklerinin rolü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Mersin.
  • Koessler, R. B., Kohut, T. ve Campbell, L. (2019). When your boo becomes a ghost: The association between breakup strategy and breakup role in experiences of relationship dissolution. Collabra Psychology, 5(1).
  • LeFebvre, L. (2017). Swipe right for love: The impact of social media in modern romantic relationships. N. Punyanunt-Carter ve J. Wrench (Ed.), Phantom Lovers: Ghosting as a Relationship Dissolution Strategy in the Technological Age içinde (s. 219-236). Lanham, MD: Rowman ve Littlefield.
  • LeFebvre, L. E., Allen, M., Rasner, R. D., Garstad, S., Wilms, A. ve Parrish, C. (2019). Ghosting in emerging adults’ romantic relationships: The digital dissolution disappearance strategy. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 39(2), 125–150
  • LeFebvre, L. E., Ramirez, A., Hayes, J. ve Gabrielson, G. (2019). Finding, seeking, and communicating in relationship initiation: Exploring the pathway of modality switching and information-seeking. Paper presented to the Human Communication and Technology Division at the National Communication Association Conference in Baltimore, Maryland.
  • Manning, J., Buchanan, C. ve Denker, K. J. (2019). Ghosting: Defining a relational communication phenomenon. International Communication Association, Washington, D.C.
  • Marini, L. ve Sembiring, V. R. (2021). Psychological distress of ghosting victims in early adulthood. Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 16(2), 47-50.
  • Navarro, R., Larrañaga, E., Yubero, S. ve Víllora, B. (2020). Psychological correlates of ghosting and breadcrumbing experiences: A preliminary study among adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 1116.
  • Ottenbreit, N. D. ve Dobson, K. S. (2004). Avoidance and depression: the construction of the Cognitive–Behavioral Avoidance Scale. Behaviour research and therapy, 42(3), 293-313.
  • Perilloux, C. ve Buss, D. M. (2008). Breaking up romantic relationships: Costs experienced and coping strategies deployed. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1)
  • Powell, D. N., Freedman, G., Le, B. ve Williams, K. D. (2022). Exploring individuals’ descriptive and injunctive norms of ghosting. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 16(3).
  • Powell, D. N., Freedman, G., Williams, K. D., Le, B. ve Green, H. (2021). A multi-study examination of attachment and implicit theories of relationships in ghosting experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(7), 2225-2248.
  • Regan, P. C. (2017). The mating game: A primer on love, sex, and marriage. LosAngeles, CA: Sage.
  • Sprecher, S. (1994). Two sides to the breakup of dating relationships. Personal Relationships, 1(3), 199–222.
  • Sulymka, S. I. (2022). What makes a ghoster? (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Arts, University of Regina).
  • Tashiro, T., ve Frazier, P. (2003). “I’ll never be in a relationship like that again”: Personal growth following romantic relationship breakups. Personal Relationships, 10(1), 113–128.
  • Timmermans, E., Hermans, A. M., ve Opree, S. J. (2021). Gone with the wind: Exploring mobile daters’ ghosting experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(2), 783-801.
  • Tong, S. T. ve Walther, J. B. (2011). Just say “no thanks”: Romantic rejection in computer-mediated communication. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 28, 488–506.
  • Van Ouytsel J., Van Gool E., Walrave M., Ponnet K. ve Peeters E. (2016). Exploring the role of social networking sites within adolescent romantic relationships and dating experiences. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 76–86.
  • Vangelisti, A. L., & Beck, G. (2007). Intimacy and fear of intimacy. Low-cost approaches to promote physical and mental health: Theory, research, and practice, 395-414.
  • Yap, M. A., Francisco, A. M. ve Gopez, C. (2021). From best friends to silent ends: Exploring the concepts of ghosting in non-romantic relationships. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 2(10), 943-950.
  • Zytko, D., Grandhi, S. ve Jones, Q. G. (2014). Impression management through communication in online dating. CSCW’14 Companion Proceedings of the companion publication of the 17th ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work & social computing. New York, NY.
  • Wolgast, M., Lundh, L. G., & Viborg, G. (2013). Experiential avoidance as an emotion regulatory function: An empirical analysis of experiential avoidance in relation to behavioral avoidance, cognitive reappraisal, and response suppression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42(3), 224-232.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zülal Erkan 0000-0001-5134-9673

Ali Şık 0000-0001-9010-1654

Ali Karataş 0000-0002-8155-638X

Publication Date June 30, 2023
Submission Date April 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erkan, Z., Şık, A., & Karataş, A. (2023). Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 6(1), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.58434/apdad.1284984b
AMA Erkan Z, Şık A, Karataş A. Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi. June 2023;6(1):37-56. doi:10.58434/apdad.1284984b
Chicago Erkan, Zülal, Ali Şık, and Ali Karataş. “Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’”. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi 6, no. 1 (June 2023): 37-56. https://doi.org/10.58434/apdad.1284984b.
EndNote Erkan Z, Şık A, Karataş A (June 1, 2023) Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi 6 1 37–56.
IEEE Z. Erkan, A. Şık, and A. Karataş, “Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’”, Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 37–56, 2023, doi: 10.58434/apdad.1284984b.
ISNAD Erkan, Zülal et al. “Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’”. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi 6/1 (June 2023), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.58434/apdad.1284984b.
JAMA Erkan Z, Şık A, Karataş A. Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi. 2023;6:37–56.
MLA Erkan, Zülal et al. “Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’”. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, pp. 37-56, doi:10.58434/apdad.1284984b.
Vancouver Erkan Z, Şık A, Karataş A. Ghosting: ’’Bir Ayrılık Stratejisi Olarak Ortadan Kaybolma’’. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi. 2023;6(1):37-56.