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Relations Between Aizanoi and Rome in the 2nd Century AD: Epuration and New Order

Year 2021, , 513 - 537, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46931/ArAn.2021.15.2.8

Abstract

Aizanoi, located in the Çavdarhisar District of Kütahya today, was one of the important centers of northwestern Phrygia. The city, remained within the borders of the Province Asia during first two centuries of Roman domination, tried to develop her relations with the Empire for next two centuries. These relations gained momentum under the Flavian Dynasty, and the city tried to get the neokoria of imperial cult and to become a metropolis. At the end of the 1st century, Aizanoi became a center of imperial cult. However, with the death of Emperor Domitian, the relations between Aizanoi and Rome also changed. In the 2nd century AD, the city was under the influence of the centralist and panhellenist policy of Emperor Hadrian. The arrangements made on the lands belonging to the Temple of Zeus Aizanon caused the elites of the previous century to remain in the background, and a new elite emerged with the support of the emperors. During the reign of Antoninus Pius, Aizanoi reached an active position in Panhellenion and had an important role in the management of the union. Besides, some new epigraphic documents found in excavations carried out in the city’s theatre showed that changes took place in the tribal system of the polis in this century. While this process of the city reveals the nature of the relationship between Rome and Hellen poleis, it also created a portrait of an epuration and new order movement in the local history of Aizanoi. This study aims to present the panorama of this process between Aizanoi and Rome and to present a generalizable example of the relations between Rome and Hellenic cities.

References

  • Abbott, Frank Frost ve Johnson, Allan Chester. Municipial Administration in the Roman Empire, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1926.
  • Smallwood, Edith Mary. Documents illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.
  • Akşar, Ahmet. “İmparator Hadrianus ve Anadolu Gezileri: Seyahatlerinin Amacı ve Güzergahı”, Amisos 4/6 (2019): 1 – 14.
  • Ateş, Güler. “Aizanoi Hellenistik Ev Seramik Buluntuları”, SDÜ Fen – Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilmler Dergisi 41, (2017): 91 – 111.
  • Atik, Neşe. “Pergamenisches in Anatolien. Aizanoi und seine Beziehungen zur Hauptstadt der Attaliden” IstMitt 54, (2004): 375 – 389.
  • Broughton, Thomas Robert.S. Studies in Roman Economic and Social History in honor of A.C. Johnson, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951.
  • Burell, Barbara. Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors, Leiden: Brill Publishing, 2004.
  • Doukellis, Panagiotis N. “Hadrian’s Panhellenion: A Network of Cities?”, Mediterranean Historical Review 22:2, (2007): 295 – 308.
  • Devijiver, Hubert. “Local Elite, Equestrians and Senators: A Social History of Roman Sagalassos”, Ancient Society 27, (1996): 105 – 162.
  • Eck, Werner. Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian, Munich: Vestigia, 1970.
  • Fellows. Charles. A Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor in 1838, London: 1839, 142.
  • Friesen, Steven J. Twice Neokoros: Ephesus, Asia and The Cult of Flavian Imperial Family, Leiden: Brill Publishing, 1993): 132-159.
  • Günther, Wolfhang. “Ein Ehrendekret post mortem aus Aizanoi”, IstMitt 25 (1975): 351 – 353.
  • Günther, Wolfgang. “Eine neue Phyle in Aizanoi”, IstMitt 26 (1976): 111 – 115.
  • Hermann, Peter, Ergebnisse einer Reise in Nordostlydien, Wien: Böhlaus, 1962.
  • İznik, Erkan. Roma İmparatorluğu Döneminde Frigya Epiktetos Merkezlerinde Sosyopolitik, Sosyoekonomik ve Sosyokültürel Yapı, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • Jones, Christopher.P. “The Panhellenion”, Chiron 26 (1996): 29 – 56.
  • Jones, Nicholas F. Public Organization in Ancient Greece: A Docmentary Study, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1987.
  • Jes, Kai, Posamentir, Richard ve Wörrle, Michael. “Der Tempel des Zeus in Aizanoi und Seine Datierung”, Klaus Rheidt (ed.), Aizanoi und Anatolien, 58 – 88. Mainz, 2010.
  • Kaya, Mehmet Ali ve Taşdören, Özcan, Kevser. “Roma İmparatoru Hadrianus ve Anadolu: Geziler, Eyaletler ve Kentler”, Ebru N. Akdoğu Arca et al. (ed.), Sencer Şahin Anısına Yazılar, İstanbıul, 2016).
  • Keppel, George. Narrative of a Journey across the Balcan: also a visit to Azani and other newly discovered ruins in Asia Minor in the years 1829 - 30. c.I, London, 1831.
  • Magie, David. Roman Rule in Asia Minor, c.I,, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.
  • Magie, David. Roman Rule in Asia Minor, c.II, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.
  • Keil, John. Denkmaler aus Lykaonien, Pamphylienun Isaurien, Vienna, Wien: Rohrer, 1935.
  • Keppel, George. Narrative of a Journey across the Balcan: also a visit to Azani and other newly discovered ruins in Asia Minor in the years 1829 - 30. c.I, London: 1831.
  • Körte, Alfred, “Rhadet, En Phrygia” Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen 159/5, (1987): 286 – 416.
  • Laffi, Umberto. “I Terreni del Tempio di Zeus ad Aizanoi”, Athenaeum, 49, (1971): 1 - 51.
  • Rheidt, Klaus. “Aizanoi. Die Ausgrabungen und Forchungen 1997 bis 2000”, AA, (2001): 206 – 266.
  • Rheidt, Klaus. “Aizanoi in hellenistischer Zeit”, E. Schwertheim – E. Winter (Ed.), Neue Funde and Forschungen in Phrygien: Asia Minor Studien 61 (2008): 110 – 111.
  • Texier, Charles. Description de l’Asie Mineure faite par ordre du gouvernment français pedandt les annies 1833 – 1837, c.I., Paris: 1839.
  • De Ruggiero, Ettore. L’Arbitrato pubblico in relazione col privato presso i Romani, Roma:1893. Metin Türktüzün. “Aizanoi’da Bulunan Onurlandırma Yazıtı ve Heykel Kaidesi”, Elif Özer (ed.), Aizanoi II (Ankara: 2016), 215 – 255 Witulski, Thomas. Kaiserkult in Kleinasien, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprech, 2010.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Neue Inschriftenfunde aus Aizanoıi I. Eine Brückenweihung des Eurykles; Eine Familiendokumentation am Stadion” Chiron 22, (1992): 337 - 371.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Neue Inschriftenfunde aus Aizanoi II: Das Problem der Ara von Aizanoi”, Chiron 25 (1995): 63 - 81.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Neue Inschriften funde aus Aizanoi V: Aizanoi und Rom I”, Chiron 39 (2009): 409 - 444.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Aizanoi’s Theatre in Use: An Epigraphic Approach”, Archaeological Research in Western Central Phrygia, (Kütahya, 2011), 140 - 151.

MS II. YÜZYILDA AİZANOİ – ROMA İLİŞKİLERİ: TASFİYE VE YENİ DÜZEN

Year 2021, , 513 - 537, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46931/ArAn.2021.15.2.8

Abstract

Günümüzde Kütahya’nın Çavdarhisar İlçesi sınırlarında bulunan Aizanoi Antik Kenti, Hellenistik Dönemden itibaren Kuzeybatı Phrygia’nın önemli merkezlerinden biri olmuştur. MÖ 133 yılından sonra Roma’nın Asia Eyaleti sınırları içinde kalan kent, bu tarihten itibaren Roma ile ilişkilerini geliştirmeye çalışmış ve MS I.yüzyılda bu ilişkiler ciddi anlamda ivme kazanmıştır. Kent bu döenmde, imparatorluk kültü neokoriası almak ve bir metropolis olmak için çabalamıştır. Yüzyılın sonunda ise kısa sürede olsa bu kültün merkezi hâline gelmiştir. Fakat İmparator Domitianus’un ölümüyle birlikte Roma ile Aizanoi arasındaki ilişkiler de biçim değiştirmiştir. MS II.yüzyılda kent, İmparator Hadrianus’un merkeziyetçi ve panhellenist politikasının etkisinde kalmıştır. Zeus Aizanon Tapınağı’na ait topraklarda yapılan düzenlemeler önceki yüzyılın seçkinlerinin arka planda kalmasına neden olmuş ve imparatorların da desteğiyle yeni bir seçkinler ortaya çıkmıştır. Antoninus Pius döneminde ise Aizanoi, Panhellenion’da etkin bir konuma ulaşmış ve birliğin yönetiminde önemli bir role sahip olmuştur. Bunun yanında, kentin tiyatrosunda gerçekleştirilen kazı çalışmaları sonucu ortaya çıkan yeni epigrafik bulgular bu yüzyılda kentin kabile sisteminde de bazı değişikliklerin gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. Kentin yaşadığı bu süreç, Roma ile Hellen polisleri arasındaki ilişkinin niteliğini ortaya koymakla birlikte, Aizanoi’un yerel tarihinde bir tasfiye ve yeni düzen hareketinin bir portresini oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Aizanoi ve Roma arasında yaşanan bu sürecin panoramasını sunmak ve Roma ile Hellen kentleri arasındaki ilişkilere genellenebilir bir örnek ortaya koymaktır.

References

  • Abbott, Frank Frost ve Johnson, Allan Chester. Municipial Administration in the Roman Empire, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1926.
  • Smallwood, Edith Mary. Documents illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.
  • Akşar, Ahmet. “İmparator Hadrianus ve Anadolu Gezileri: Seyahatlerinin Amacı ve Güzergahı”, Amisos 4/6 (2019): 1 – 14.
  • Ateş, Güler. “Aizanoi Hellenistik Ev Seramik Buluntuları”, SDÜ Fen – Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilmler Dergisi 41, (2017): 91 – 111.
  • Atik, Neşe. “Pergamenisches in Anatolien. Aizanoi und seine Beziehungen zur Hauptstadt der Attaliden” IstMitt 54, (2004): 375 – 389.
  • Broughton, Thomas Robert.S. Studies in Roman Economic and Social History in honor of A.C. Johnson, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951.
  • Burell, Barbara. Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors, Leiden: Brill Publishing, 2004.
  • Doukellis, Panagiotis N. “Hadrian’s Panhellenion: A Network of Cities?”, Mediterranean Historical Review 22:2, (2007): 295 – 308.
  • Devijiver, Hubert. “Local Elite, Equestrians and Senators: A Social History of Roman Sagalassos”, Ancient Society 27, (1996): 105 – 162.
  • Eck, Werner. Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian, Munich: Vestigia, 1970.
  • Fellows. Charles. A Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor in 1838, London: 1839, 142.
  • Friesen, Steven J. Twice Neokoros: Ephesus, Asia and The Cult of Flavian Imperial Family, Leiden: Brill Publishing, 1993): 132-159.
  • Günther, Wolfhang. “Ein Ehrendekret post mortem aus Aizanoi”, IstMitt 25 (1975): 351 – 353.
  • Günther, Wolfgang. “Eine neue Phyle in Aizanoi”, IstMitt 26 (1976): 111 – 115.
  • Hermann, Peter, Ergebnisse einer Reise in Nordostlydien, Wien: Böhlaus, 1962.
  • İznik, Erkan. Roma İmparatorluğu Döneminde Frigya Epiktetos Merkezlerinde Sosyopolitik, Sosyoekonomik ve Sosyokültürel Yapı, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • Jones, Christopher.P. “The Panhellenion”, Chiron 26 (1996): 29 – 56.
  • Jones, Nicholas F. Public Organization in Ancient Greece: A Docmentary Study, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1987.
  • Jes, Kai, Posamentir, Richard ve Wörrle, Michael. “Der Tempel des Zeus in Aizanoi und Seine Datierung”, Klaus Rheidt (ed.), Aizanoi und Anatolien, 58 – 88. Mainz, 2010.
  • Kaya, Mehmet Ali ve Taşdören, Özcan, Kevser. “Roma İmparatoru Hadrianus ve Anadolu: Geziler, Eyaletler ve Kentler”, Ebru N. Akdoğu Arca et al. (ed.), Sencer Şahin Anısına Yazılar, İstanbıul, 2016).
  • Keppel, George. Narrative of a Journey across the Balcan: also a visit to Azani and other newly discovered ruins in Asia Minor in the years 1829 - 30. c.I, London, 1831.
  • Magie, David. Roman Rule in Asia Minor, c.I,, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.
  • Magie, David. Roman Rule in Asia Minor, c.II, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.
  • Keil, John. Denkmaler aus Lykaonien, Pamphylienun Isaurien, Vienna, Wien: Rohrer, 1935.
  • Keppel, George. Narrative of a Journey across the Balcan: also a visit to Azani and other newly discovered ruins in Asia Minor in the years 1829 - 30. c.I, London: 1831.
  • Körte, Alfred, “Rhadet, En Phrygia” Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen 159/5, (1987): 286 – 416.
  • Laffi, Umberto. “I Terreni del Tempio di Zeus ad Aizanoi”, Athenaeum, 49, (1971): 1 - 51.
  • Rheidt, Klaus. “Aizanoi. Die Ausgrabungen und Forchungen 1997 bis 2000”, AA, (2001): 206 – 266.
  • Rheidt, Klaus. “Aizanoi in hellenistischer Zeit”, E. Schwertheim – E. Winter (Ed.), Neue Funde and Forschungen in Phrygien: Asia Minor Studien 61 (2008): 110 – 111.
  • Texier, Charles. Description de l’Asie Mineure faite par ordre du gouvernment français pedandt les annies 1833 – 1837, c.I., Paris: 1839.
  • De Ruggiero, Ettore. L’Arbitrato pubblico in relazione col privato presso i Romani, Roma:1893. Metin Türktüzün. “Aizanoi’da Bulunan Onurlandırma Yazıtı ve Heykel Kaidesi”, Elif Özer (ed.), Aizanoi II (Ankara: 2016), 215 – 255 Witulski, Thomas. Kaiserkult in Kleinasien, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprech, 2010.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Neue Inschriftenfunde aus Aizanoıi I. Eine Brückenweihung des Eurykles; Eine Familiendokumentation am Stadion” Chiron 22, (1992): 337 - 371.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Neue Inschriftenfunde aus Aizanoi II: Das Problem der Ara von Aizanoi”, Chiron 25 (1995): 63 - 81.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Neue Inschriften funde aus Aizanoi V: Aizanoi und Rom I”, Chiron 39 (2009): 409 - 444.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Aizanoi’s Theatre in Use: An Epigraphic Approach”, Archaeological Research in Western Central Phrygia, (Kütahya, 2011), 140 - 151.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmet Türkan 0000-0002-3358-0828

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

Chicago Türkan, Ahmet. “MS II. YÜZYILDA AİZANOİ – ROMA İLİŞKİLERİ: TASFİYE VE YENİ DÜZEN”. Archivum Anatolicum-Anadolu Arşivleri 15, no. 2 (December 2021): 513-37. https://doi.org/10.46931/ArAn.2021.15.2.8.