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İSKİT KRALI ATEAS VE II. PHILIPPOS

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 87 - 126, 27.06.2023

Muzaffer Demir

https://doi.org/10.46931/aran.1293981

Abstract

Herodotos, başlangıçta Gerrhos/Molochna sonrasında Borysthenes/Dinyeper, Hypanis/Bug ve Tyras/Dinyester Nehirleri boylarına hükmeden “Kraliyet İskitleri” hakkında temel bilgiler aktarmakta ve bu kapsamda onların soyunu Targitaos Hanedanlığı’ına dayandırmaktadır. Krallığının merkezini Aşağı Borysthenes Nehri kıyısındaki Kamenka/Kamenskoe gorodishche’da kurmuş olan Ateas (MÖ ca. 429-339)’ın soyu da büyük olasılıkla Kraliyet İskitleri’nden gelmektedir. Ateas zaman içinde sınırlarını Istros/Danube/Tuna Nehri’nin Karadeniz’e döküldüğü Dobrudja/Dobruca Bölgesi’ne kadar genişletmeyi başarmıştır. Hatta onun MÖ 360’lı yıllardan itibaren Tuna Nehri’nin güneyindeki Kallatis/Mangalia ve muhtemelen Tomis/Constanta kentlerine hâkim olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu arada Ateas zekice bir manevrayla Balkanların yükselen gücü II. Philippos’un liderliğindeki Makedonia Krallığı ile Tuna Vadisi’nin güçlü Triballoi kavmi yanında daha güneydeki Histria ve Odessos gibi kentlere karşı ittifak yapmıştır. Ancak II. Philippos, MÖ 340/339 yılında ardı ardına gerçekleştirdiği Perinthos ve Byzantion kuşatmaları sırasında Ateas’tan yeterince maddi ve askeri destek alamamış ve iki kralın arası açılmıştır. Bu durum MÖ 339 yılında gerçekleşen bir meydan savaşına yol açmıştır. II. Philippos’un bu meydan savaşında mutlak bir galibiyet elde ettiğini öne çıkaran edebi metinler tartışmaya açıktır. Aslında bu meydan savaşının sonuçlarının II. Philippos açısından çok fazla bir getirisinin olmadığı gözükmektedir. İskitler, şimdiye kadarki modern çalışmalarda öngörülenin aksine, yaşlı kralları Ateas’ın savaş sonrasında çok geçmeden ölmesine rağmen Tuna Nehri çevresi ve kuzeyindeki güçlü konumlarını belli bir süre daha devam ettirmeyi başarmışlardır.

Keywords

Ateas, II. Philippos İskitler Olbia Dinyeper

Supporting Institution

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi

References

  • Alekseev, A. Yu. et al. “A Chronology of the Scythian Antiquities of Eurasia Based on New Archaeological and 14C Data”, Radiocarbon XLIII (2B) (2001): 1085-1107.
  • Alekseev, A. Yu. “Scythian Kings and ‘Royal’ Burial Mounds of the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC”, ed. D. Braund, Scythians and Greeks: Cultural Interactions in Scythia, Athens and the Early Roman Empire (Sixth Century BC-First Century AD. 39-55. Exeter, 2005.
  • Andrews, S. Greek cities on the western coast of the Black Sea: Orgame, Histria, Tomis, and Kallatis (7th to 1st century BCE). (Phd Thesis). Iowa State University, 2010.
  • Andronicos, M. Vergina: The Royal Tombs and the Ancient City. Tercüme: L. Turner. Athens, 1984.
  • Archibald, Z. H. The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace. Oxford, 1998.
  • Bartsiokas, A. et al. “The lameness of King Philip II and Royal Tomb I at Vergina, Macedonia”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America CXII/32 (2015): 9844-9848.
  • Boltryk Y. - Fialko E. “The burial of the Scythian Tsars in the second-half of the 4th cent. BC. A Search for Historical Facts”, Revista Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis V/1 (2006): https://magazines.ulbsibiu.ro/arheologie/publicatii/bibliotheca/acta%20V%20special%20number/8%20barrows.htm
  • Bouzek, J. “Athenes et la Mer Noire”, Bulletin de Correspondence Hellénique CXIII/1 (1989): 249-259.
  • Braund, D. “Analogy, polarity and morality in Scythian Hippake: Reflections on Herodotus, Histories 4.2”, Археологія і давня історія України II/27 (2018): 427-433.
  • Chu, J. J. Thracians Among Others: A Study of “Thracianness” in Ancient Cross-Cultural Contexts. (Phd Thesis). University of California Riverside, 2022.
  • Christodoulou, S. “The History of Ancient Olbia in the Northern Black Sea Region”, Balkan Studies LI (2016): 215-242.
  • Condilo, C. “The Geneology in the Development of Ancient Historiography: Geneology and History in Herodotus”, Revista de Historia CLXXXI (2022): 1-48.
  • Damyanov, M. - Panayotova, K. “Apollonia Pontica and the South-Western Black Sea Coast in the Thracian and Antique Periods (Late 2nd Millennium BC to Early 1st Millennium AD)”, eds. R. Krauss et al., Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy at the South East Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. 247-294. Tübingen University Press, 2020.
  • Dan, A. “The Sarmatians: Some Thoughts on the Historiographical Invention of a West Iranian Migration”, eds. F. Wiedemann - K. P. Hofmann - H.-J. Gehrke, Vom Wandern der Völker. Migrationserzählungen in den Altertumswissenschaften. 97-134. Berlin, 2017.
  • Daragan, M. N. “Scythian Internecine Feuds”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia XXII (2016): 96-140. Delev, P. “Philip II i Aleksadr Veliki v Severna Trakiya/Philip II and Alexander the Great in Northern Thrace”, Proceedings of the Ruse Regional Museum of History. Book XII. The World of the Getae. 5-19. Ruse, 2008.
  • Demir, M. “Arkaik ve Klasik Dönemde Tymnes Adlı Karialılar Üzerine Yeni Düşünceler”, Olba XIV (2006): 1-22.
  • Demir, M. “Marcus Antonius’un Parthia Savaşı’nın (MÖ 40-33) Sebepleri ve Sonuçları Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, TÜBA-AR XXIV (2019): 149-168.
  • Demir, M. “İskit-Sparta Bağlantıları Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Archivum Anatolicum XIV/2 (2020): 177-218.
  • Demir, M. “MÖ VI. yy.’da İskit-Atina İlişkilerinin Başlangıcı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi III/6 (2021): 161-186.
  • Demir, M. “Herodotos’ta İskit Targitaos Hanedanlığı Kuruluş Miti Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Marmara Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi/MUTAD IX/1 (2022a): 1-24.
  • Demir, M. “Herodotos’ta İskit Herakles Hanedanlığı Kuruluş Miti Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Phaselis VIII (2022b): 37-52. Draganov, D. “Dionysopolis and the Scythian King Ateas”, Bulletin of the National Institute of Archaeology XLVI (2020): 25-46.
  • Ellis, J. R. Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism. Princeton: 1976.
  • Ellis, J. R. “Philip’s Thracian Campaign of 352-351”, Classical Philology LXXII/1 (1977): 32-39.
  • Gaebel, R. E. Cavalry Operations in the Ancient Greek World. Norman, 2002.
  • Gabriel, R. Philip II of Macedonia: Greater than Alexander. Washington, 2010.
  • Gardiner-Garden, J. R. Two Conceptions of the Tribal Geography of the Royal Scythian Empire in Classical Literary Tradition. (MA Thesis). Australian National University, 1981.
  • Gardiner-Garden, J. R. “Ateas and Theopompus”, Journal of Hellenic Studies CIX (1989): 29- 40.
  • Gilley, D. L. Damn with Faint Praise: A Historical Commentary on Plutarch’s on the Fortune or Virtue of Alexander the Great. University of Missouri, 2009.
  • Grakov, B. N. Kamenskoe gorodishche na Dnepre. Moscow, 1954 (MIA 36).
  • Grechko, D. “Scythia from Octamasades to Ateas (According to the Materials of the Dnieper Left Bank Forest Steppe/ Скифия от Октамасада до Атея (по материалам Днепровского лесостепного Левобережья”, Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine XXXI/2 (2019): 29-52.
  • Hammond, N. G. L. “The Sources of Justin on Macedonia to the Death of Philip”, Classical Quarterly XLI/2 (1991): 496-508.
  • Hansen, M. H. - Nielsen, T. H. An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford, 2004.
  • Isaac, B. H. The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest. London, 1986.
  • Jessup, J. E. Scythia: The Early Era of Steppe Nomadism, A Survey Based on Recent Archaeological Discoveries Which Relate to the Developopment of Various Cultures on the Eurasian Steppe. (Phd Thesis). Georgetown University, 1970.
  • Kim, H. J. “Herodotus’ Scythians viewed from a central Asian perspective: its historicity and significance”, Ancient West and East IX (2010): 115-134.
  • Kleymeonov, A. A. ‘‘The Scythian Campaign of Philip II: A Problem of Reconstruction and Localisation’’, Space and Culture, India VI/2 (2018): 94-99.
  • Lact, C. The Greek View of Barbarians in the Hellenistic Age, As Derived from Representative, Literary and Artistic Evidence from The Hellenistic Period. (Phd Thesis). University of Colorado, 2009.
  • Loma, A. “Namenkundliches zur skythischen Abstammungssage”, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia XVI (2011): 75-92.
  • Metelkin, N. V/Метелкин, Н. В. Сокровища и ненайденые клады Украины (К). Mockba/Moskova, 2006.
  • https://books.google.ge/books?id=wee7NCMtIbMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false McCartney, E. S. “Some Greek Ideas About Too Great Proficiency”, Classical Outlook XXXV/2 (1957): 17-19.
  • Nawotka, K. D. The Western Pontic cities: History and political organization. (PhD Thesis). Ohio State University, 1991.
  • Ray, F. E. Greek and Macedonian Land Battles of the 4th Century BC: A History ans Analysis of 187 Engagements. Jefferson, 2012.
  • Riginos, A. S. “The Wounding of Philip II of Macedon: Fact and Fabrication”, Journal of Hellenic Studies CXIV (1994): 103-119.
  • Regling, K. “Skiluros”, Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, IIIA. 526-527. Stuttgart, 1927.
  • Rolle, R. The The Welt der Skythes/World of the Scythians. Tercüme: F. G. Walls. Berkeley/Los Angeles, 1980.
  • Simpson, J. - Pankova, S. “Indroducton”, eds. J. Simpson - S. Pankova, Scythians, warriors of ancient Siberia. 10-15. London, 2017.
  • Schiltz, V. “Deux gorytes identiques en Macédoine et dans le Kouban”, Revue Archéologique II (1979): 305-310. Shcheglov, A. N. - Katz, V. I. “A Fourth Century B.C. Royal Kurgan in Crimea”, Metropolitan Museum Journal XXVI (1991): 97-122.
  • Sjöberg, A. Yu. Cultural Interactions in the Northern Black Sea: A Study of Burial Records and its Interpreteation of Hybridization. (MA Thesis). Uppsala Universitet, 2022.
  • Sobotkova, A. The Valley of the Kings? Social Complexity of Inland Thrace during the First Millennium BC. (Phd Thesis). University of Mihigan, 2012.
  • Stolyarik, E. “Scythians in the West Pontic Area: New Numismatic evidence”, American Journal of Numismatics XIII (2001): 21-34.
  • Tascher, J., The Royal Sythians. (MA Thesis). California State University, 1991.
  • Tokhtasev, S. R. “The Bosphorus and Sindike in the Era of Leukon I. New Epigrafic Publications”, Ancient Civilisations from Scythia to Siberia XII/1-2 (2006): 1-62.
  • Ülküsal, M. Dobruca ve Türkler. 2. Baskı, Ankara, 1987.
  • Vakouftsi, E., The perception of the Scythians in Greek historiography (5th-3rd cent. BC). Images of the Other. (MA Thesis). Thessaloniki, 2013.
  • Ward, A. M. E. Philosophy and Empire: Herodotus and the Best Regime. (Phd Thesis). Fordham University, 2001.

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 87 - 126, 27.06.2023

Muzaffer Demir

https://doi.org/10.46931/aran.1293981

Abstract

References

  • Alekseev, A. Yu. et al. “A Chronology of the Scythian Antiquities of Eurasia Based on New Archaeological and 14C Data”, Radiocarbon XLIII (2B) (2001): 1085-1107.
  • Alekseev, A. Yu. “Scythian Kings and ‘Royal’ Burial Mounds of the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC”, ed. D. Braund, Scythians and Greeks: Cultural Interactions in Scythia, Athens and the Early Roman Empire (Sixth Century BC-First Century AD. 39-55. Exeter, 2005.
  • Andrews, S. Greek cities on the western coast of the Black Sea: Orgame, Histria, Tomis, and Kallatis (7th to 1st century BCE). (Phd Thesis). Iowa State University, 2010.
  • Andronicos, M. Vergina: The Royal Tombs and the Ancient City. Tercüme: L. Turner. Athens, 1984.
  • Archibald, Z. H. The Odrysian Kingdom of Thrace. Oxford, 1998.
  • Bartsiokas, A. et al. “The lameness of King Philip II and Royal Tomb I at Vergina, Macedonia”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America CXII/32 (2015): 9844-9848.
  • Boltryk Y. - Fialko E. “The burial of the Scythian Tsars in the second-half of the 4th cent. BC. A Search for Historical Facts”, Revista Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis V/1 (2006): https://magazines.ulbsibiu.ro/arheologie/publicatii/bibliotheca/acta%20V%20special%20number/8%20barrows.htm
  • Bouzek, J. “Athenes et la Mer Noire”, Bulletin de Correspondence Hellénique CXIII/1 (1989): 249-259.
  • Braund, D. “Analogy, polarity and morality in Scythian Hippake: Reflections on Herodotus, Histories 4.2”, Археологія і давня історія України II/27 (2018): 427-433.
  • Chu, J. J. Thracians Among Others: A Study of “Thracianness” in Ancient Cross-Cultural Contexts. (Phd Thesis). University of California Riverside, 2022.
  • Christodoulou, S. “The History of Ancient Olbia in the Northern Black Sea Region”, Balkan Studies LI (2016): 215-242.
  • Condilo, C. “The Geneology in the Development of Ancient Historiography: Geneology and History in Herodotus”, Revista de Historia CLXXXI (2022): 1-48.
  • Damyanov, M. - Panayotova, K. “Apollonia Pontica and the South-Western Black Sea Coast in the Thracian and Antique Periods (Late 2nd Millennium BC to Early 1st Millennium AD)”, eds. R. Krauss et al., Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy at the South East Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. 247-294. Tübingen University Press, 2020.
  • Dan, A. “The Sarmatians: Some Thoughts on the Historiographical Invention of a West Iranian Migration”, eds. F. Wiedemann - K. P. Hofmann - H.-J. Gehrke, Vom Wandern der Völker. Migrationserzählungen in den Altertumswissenschaften. 97-134. Berlin, 2017.
  • Daragan, M. N. “Scythian Internecine Feuds”, Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia XXII (2016): 96-140. Delev, P. “Philip II i Aleksadr Veliki v Severna Trakiya/Philip II and Alexander the Great in Northern Thrace”, Proceedings of the Ruse Regional Museum of History. Book XII. The World of the Getae. 5-19. Ruse, 2008.
  • Demir, M. “Arkaik ve Klasik Dönemde Tymnes Adlı Karialılar Üzerine Yeni Düşünceler”, Olba XIV (2006): 1-22.
  • Demir, M. “Marcus Antonius’un Parthia Savaşı’nın (MÖ 40-33) Sebepleri ve Sonuçları Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, TÜBA-AR XXIV (2019): 149-168.
  • Demir, M. “İskit-Sparta Bağlantıları Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Archivum Anatolicum XIV/2 (2020): 177-218.
  • Demir, M. “MÖ VI. yy.’da İskit-Atina İlişkilerinin Başlangıcı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi III/6 (2021): 161-186.
  • Demir, M. “Herodotos’ta İskit Targitaos Hanedanlığı Kuruluş Miti Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Marmara Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi/MUTAD IX/1 (2022a): 1-24.
  • Demir, M. “Herodotos’ta İskit Herakles Hanedanlığı Kuruluş Miti Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Phaselis VIII (2022b): 37-52. Draganov, D. “Dionysopolis and the Scythian King Ateas”, Bulletin of the National Institute of Archaeology XLVI (2020): 25-46.
  • Ellis, J. R. Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism. Princeton: 1976.
  • Ellis, J. R. “Philip’s Thracian Campaign of 352-351”, Classical Philology LXXII/1 (1977): 32-39.
  • Gaebel, R. E. Cavalry Operations in the Ancient Greek World. Norman, 2002.
  • Gabriel, R. Philip II of Macedonia: Greater than Alexander. Washington, 2010.
  • Gardiner-Garden, J. R. Two Conceptions of the Tribal Geography of the Royal Scythian Empire in Classical Literary Tradition. (MA Thesis). Australian National University, 1981.
  • Gardiner-Garden, J. R. “Ateas and Theopompus”, Journal of Hellenic Studies CIX (1989): 29- 40.
  • Gilley, D. L. Damn with Faint Praise: A Historical Commentary on Plutarch’s on the Fortune or Virtue of Alexander the Great. University of Missouri, 2009.
  • Grakov, B. N. Kamenskoe gorodishche na Dnepre. Moscow, 1954 (MIA 36).
  • Grechko, D. “Scythia from Octamasades to Ateas (According to the Materials of the Dnieper Left Bank Forest Steppe/ Скифия от Октамасада до Атея (по материалам Днепровского лесостепного Левобережья”, Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine XXXI/2 (2019): 29-52.
  • Hammond, N. G. L. “The Sources of Justin on Macedonia to the Death of Philip”, Classical Quarterly XLI/2 (1991): 496-508.
  • Hansen, M. H. - Nielsen, T. H. An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford, 2004.
  • Isaac, B. H. The Greek Settlements in Thrace Until the Macedonian Conquest. London, 1986.
  • Jessup, J. E. Scythia: The Early Era of Steppe Nomadism, A Survey Based on Recent Archaeological Discoveries Which Relate to the Developopment of Various Cultures on the Eurasian Steppe. (Phd Thesis). Georgetown University, 1970.
  • Kim, H. J. “Herodotus’ Scythians viewed from a central Asian perspective: its historicity and significance”, Ancient West and East IX (2010): 115-134.
  • Kleymeonov, A. A. ‘‘The Scythian Campaign of Philip II: A Problem of Reconstruction and Localisation’’, Space and Culture, India VI/2 (2018): 94-99.
  • Lact, C. The Greek View of Barbarians in the Hellenistic Age, As Derived from Representative, Literary and Artistic Evidence from The Hellenistic Period. (Phd Thesis). University of Colorado, 2009.
  • Loma, A. “Namenkundliches zur skythischen Abstammungssage”, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia XVI (2011): 75-92.
  • Metelkin, N. V/Метелкин, Н. В. Сокровища и ненайденые клады Украины (К). Mockba/Moskova, 2006.
  • https://books.google.ge/books?id=wee7NCMtIbMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false McCartney, E. S. “Some Greek Ideas About Too Great Proficiency”, Classical Outlook XXXV/2 (1957): 17-19.
  • Nawotka, K. D. The Western Pontic cities: History and political organization. (PhD Thesis). Ohio State University, 1991.
  • Ray, F. E. Greek and Macedonian Land Battles of the 4th Century BC: A History ans Analysis of 187 Engagements. Jefferson, 2012.
  • Riginos, A. S. “The Wounding of Philip II of Macedon: Fact and Fabrication”, Journal of Hellenic Studies CXIV (1994): 103-119.
  • Regling, K. “Skiluros”, Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, IIIA. 526-527. Stuttgart, 1927.
  • Rolle, R. The The Welt der Skythes/World of the Scythians. Tercüme: F. G. Walls. Berkeley/Los Angeles, 1980.
  • Simpson, J. - Pankova, S. “Indroducton”, eds. J. Simpson - S. Pankova, Scythians, warriors of ancient Siberia. 10-15. London, 2017.
  • Schiltz, V. “Deux gorytes identiques en Macédoine et dans le Kouban”, Revue Archéologique II (1979): 305-310. Shcheglov, A. N. - Katz, V. I. “A Fourth Century B.C. Royal Kurgan in Crimea”, Metropolitan Museum Journal XXVI (1991): 97-122.
  • Sjöberg, A. Yu. Cultural Interactions in the Northern Black Sea: A Study of Burial Records and its Interpreteation of Hybridization. (MA Thesis). Uppsala Universitet, 2022.
  • Sobotkova, A. The Valley of the Kings? Social Complexity of Inland Thrace during the First Millennium BC. (Phd Thesis). University of Mihigan, 2012.
  • Stolyarik, E. “Scythians in the West Pontic Area: New Numismatic evidence”, American Journal of Numismatics XIII (2001): 21-34.
  • Tascher, J., The Royal Sythians. (MA Thesis). California State University, 1991.
  • Tokhtasev, S. R. “The Bosphorus and Sindike in the Era of Leukon I. New Epigrafic Publications”, Ancient Civilisations from Scythia to Siberia XII/1-2 (2006): 1-62.
  • Ülküsal, M. Dobruca ve Türkler. 2. Baskı, Ankara, 1987.
  • Vakouftsi, E., The perception of the Scythians in Greek historiography (5th-3rd cent. BC). Images of the Other. (MA Thesis). Thessaloniki, 2013.
  • Ward, A. M. E. Philosophy and Empire: Herodotus and the Best Regime. (Phd Thesis). Fordham University, 2001.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muzaffer Demir 0000-0001-7270-2317

Early Pub Date June 25, 2023
Publication Date June 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Demir, Muzaffer. “İSKİT KRALI ATEAS VE II. PHILIPPOS”. Archivum Anatolicum-Anadolu Arşivleri 17, no. 1 (June 2023): 87-126. https://doi.org/10.46931/aran.1293981.
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