3D MODELING OF CULTURAL HERITAGES WITH UAV AND TLS SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY ON THE SOMUNCU BABA MOSQUE

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 01.07.2020

Müge Ağca , Efdal Kaya , Hacı Murat Yılmaz

Abstract

With rapidly developing technology, Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) have taken the place of traditional measurement and modeling techniques. The overall aim of this study is to create 3D model of Somuncu Baba Mosque with data obtained from TLS and UAV systems. More specific goals include: (1) create ground plans of Somuncu Baba Mosque, one from TLS and one from UAV systems, and compare the positioning accuracy of these two ground plans using a base map, as reference data; (2) create 3D mesh models of Somuncu Baba Mosque using point clouds obtained from TLS and UAV systems and compare the measurements of building features (e.g., length/width of doors and windows) of final 3D models; and (3) generate 3D CAD model of the selected facade of the Somuncu Baba Mosque to evaluate the accuracies of two modeling systems. Results of this study showed that length measurements (over ground plans) obtained from these two systems were very close to each other and only milimetric errors were found. Therefore, both systems can be used to create ground plans with high accuracies. Also, successful 3D CAD models were obtained from these systems with high accuracy.

Keywords

UAV, TLS, 3D Building Model, Positioning Accuracy; Somuncu Baba Mosque

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Project, Aksaray University

Project Number

, Project No: 2015-020

İHA VE TLS SİSTEMLERİ İLE KÜLTÜREL MİRASLARIN 3B MODELLENMESİ: SOMUNCU BABA CAMİİ ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Hızla gelişen teknoloji ile Yersel Lazer Tarayıcılar (YLS) ve İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) geleneksel ölçüm ve modelleme tekniklerinin yerini almıştır. Bu çalışmanın genel amacı, TLS ve İHA sistemlerinden elde edilen veriler ile Somuncu Baba camisinin 3 boyutlu modelini oluşturmaktır. Daha spesifik hedefler şunlardır: (1) Somuncu Baba Camii’nin zemin planlarını YLS ve İHA sistemlerinden oluşturmak ve bu iki zemin planının konum doğruluğunu alana ait halihazır harita ile karşılaştırmak; (2) YLS ve İHA sistemlerinden elde edilen nokta bulutlarını kullanarak Somuncu Baba Camii'nin 3B mesh modellerini oluşturmak ve nihai 3B modellerin yapı özelliklerinin ölçümlerini (ör. Kapı ve pencerelerin uzunluğu / genişliği) karşılaştırmak; ve (3) iki modelleme sisteminin doğruluklarını değerlendirmek için Somuncu Baba Camii'nin seçilen cephesinin 3D CAD modelini oluşturmaktır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, bu iki sistemden elde edilen uzunluk ölçümlerinin (yer planları üzerinde) birbirine çok yakın olduğunu ve sadece milimetrik hataların bulunduğunu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, her iki sistem de yüksek doğruluklu zemin planları oluşturmak için kullanılabilir. Ayrıca bu sistemlerden yüksek doğrulukta başarılı 3D CAD modelleri elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

İHA, YLS, 3B Bina Modelleme, Konum Hassasiyeti, Somuncu Baba Camii

Project Number

, Project No: 2015-020

References

• Bäumker, M., Przybilla, H. (2011). Investigations on the Accuracy of the Navigation Data of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using the Example of the System Mikrokopter. ISPRS – Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inform. Sci. XXXVIII-1/C22, 113–118.
• Becerik-Gerber, B., Jazizadeh, F., Kavulya, G., Calis, G. (2011). Assessment of Target Types and Layouts in 3D Laser Scanning for Registration Accuracy. Automation in Construction 20(5), 649-658.
• Colomina, I. and Molina, P. (2014). Unmanned Aerial Systems for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing: A Review. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 92 (2014) 79–97.
• El-Hakim, S.F., Beraldin, J.A., Picard, M., Godin, G. (2004). Detailed 3D Reconstruction of Large-scale Heritage Sites with Integrated Techniques. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications-CGA, vol. 24, No 3, 21-29.
• Fan, H., Meng, L. and Jahnke, M. (2009). Generalization of 3d Buildings Modelled by citygml. In: W. Cartwright, G. Gartner, L. Meng and M. P. Peterson (eds). Advances in GIScience, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 387–405.
• Grün, A., Zhang, Z., Eisenbeiss, H., (2012). UAV Photogrammetry in Remote Areas – 3D Modeling of Drapham Dzong. Bhutan. ISPRS – Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inform. Sci. XXXIX-B1, 375–379.
• Guo, B., Zhang, Z., Shao, Y. and Li, Q. (2008). Building Extraction Based on Dense Stereo Match and Edison Algorithm. In: ISPRS08, p. B3b: 405 ff.
• Karantzalos, K. and Paragios, N. (2010). Large-Scale Building Reconstruction Through Information Fusion and 3-d Priors. GeoRS 48(5), pp. 2283–2296.
• Kedzierski M., Fryskowska A. (2014). Terrestrial and Aerial Laser Scanning Data Integration Using Wavelet Analysis for the Purpose of 3D Building Modeling. Sensors, 2014, 14(7), 12070-12092; doi:10.3390/s140712070
• Kedzierski M., Fryskowska A. (2015). Methods of Laser Scanning Point Clouds Integration in Precise 3D Building Modeling. Measurement,2015, Available online 23 July 2015; doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2015.07.015
• Kulur, S., Sahin, H. (2008). 3D Cultural Heritage Documentation Using Data from Different Sources. XXI th ISPRS Congress, 3-11 July, Beijing, China, Int. Arch. of the Photog. Rem. Sen. and Spa. Inf. Sci., vol. 37, Part B5, 353-356.
• Küng, O., Strecha, C., Beyeler, A., Zufferey, J.-C., Floreano, D., Fua, P., Gervaix, F. (2011). The Accuracy of Automatic Photogrammetric Techniques on Ultra-light UAV Imagery. ISPRS – International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXVIII-1, 125–130.
• Manyoky, M., Theiler, P., Steudler, D., Eisenbeiss, H. (2011). Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Cadastral Applications. Int. Arch. Photo. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XXXVIII-1/C22,57–62.http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-1-C2257-2011.
• Neitzel F., Klonowski J. (2011). Mobile 3D Mapping with a Low-Cost UAV System. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. 38 (2011) 1–6.
• Pop G., Bucksch A., Gorte B. (2008). 3D Buildings Modelling Based on a Combination of Techniques and Methodologies. XXI International CIPA Symposium, 01-06 October 2007, Athens, Greece
• Remondino F. (2011). Heritage Recording and 3D Modeling with Photogrammetry and 3D Scanning. Remote Sensing, vol. 3, No 6, 1104-1138.
• Rehak, M., Mabillard, R., Skaloud, J. (2013). A Micro-UAV with The Capability of Direct Georeferencing. ISPRS – Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inform. Sci. XL-1/W2, 317–323.
• Son H., Kim C., Kim C. (2015). 3D Reconstruction of As-Built Industrial Instrumentation Models from Laser-Scan Data and a 3D CAD Database Based on Prior Knowledge. Automation in Construction Volume 49, Part B, January 2015, Pages 193–200.
• Styliadis, A. (2007). Digital Documentation of Historical Buildings with 3-d Modeling Functionality. Automation in Construction 16 (2007) 498–510.
• Tong X., Liu X., Chen P., Liu S., Luan K., Li L., Liu S., Liu X., Xie H., Jin Y., Hong Z. (2015). Integration of UAV-Based Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for the Three-Dimensional Mapping and Monitoring of Open-Pit Mine Areas. Remote Sens. 2015, 7(6), 6635-6662; doi:10.3390/rs70606635
• Yang H., Xu X., Neumann I. (2014). The Benefit of 3D Laser Scanning Technology in the Generation and Calibration of FEM Models for Health Assessment of Concrete Structures. Sensors, 2014, 14(11), 21889-21904; doi:10.3390/s141121889.
• Zhou, Q.-Y. and Neumann, U. (2010). 2.5d Dual Contouring: A Robust Approach to Creating Building Models from Aerial Lidar Point Clouds. In: Proceedings of the 11th European conference on computer vision conference on Computer vision: Part III, ECCV’10, Springer-Verlag, B