The Effect of Pregnancy's COVID-19 Fear Levels on Vaccine Attitudes

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 8 - 14, 22.12.2022

Ebru Solmaz , Emine Serap Çağan , Rumeysa Taşkın

https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1175186

Abstract

Introduction: Vaccination is of great importance in reducing the mortality and morbidity rates related to COVID-19 in pregnancy during the pandemic process. Creating a positive vaccination attitude is among the most important factors in increasing vaccination rates in individuals.
Objective: With this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 fear levels of pregnant women on their vaccination attitudes.
Materials and Methods: The data of the cross-sectional and descriptive study were collected in the obstetrics clinic of a hospital in eastern Turkey between October 2021 and June 2022. The sample of the study consisted of 375 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. At the stage of data collection, socio-demographic characteristics information form, fear of COVID-19 scale and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine were used. The analysis of the data was carried out using the SPSS 22.0 package program.
Results: It was determined that 32.3% of the participants had moderate anxiety about COVID-19, 76.3% had COVID-19 vaccine and 67.5% had positive thoughts about COVID-19 vaccine. When the scale mean scores of the participants were evaluated, the mean score of the fear of COVID-19 scale was 15.60±6.60, and the mean score of the attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine was 33.08±8.56. No correlation was found between the COVID-19 fear scale score and the COVID-19 vaccine attitudes scale mean score There was no significant relationship between the COVID-19 fear scale score and the COVID-19 vaccine attitudes scale sub-dimensions.
Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was found that the pregnant women had a moderate level of fear and their vaccination attitudes were at a moderate level. There was no relationship between fear levels and vaccination attitude. Health professionals, especially midwives, have a great role in helping pregnant women learn more about COVID-19 and vaccines. It is recommended to identify individuals who have false beliefs about vaccination and to make necessary interventions.

Keywords

Covid 19 vaccine, pregnant, fear, attitude

Gebelerin COVID-19 Korku Düzeylerinin Aşı Tutumlarına Etkisi

Abstract

Giriş: Pandemi sürecinde gebelikte COVID-19’a bağlı mortalite ve morbidite oranlarının azaltılmasında aşılama büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bireylerde aşılama oranlarını artırmada olumlu yönde aşı tutumu oluşturmak önemli faktörler arasında yer almaktadır.
Amaç: Bu çalışma ile gebelerin COVID-19 korku düzeylerinin aşı tutumlarına etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı türde olan araştırmanın verileri Ekim 2021- Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin doğusunda yer alan bir hastanenin kadın hastalıkları polikliniğinde toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 375 gebe oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanması aşamasında sosyo-demografik özellikler tanıtım formu, COVID-19 korkusu ölçeği ve COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumlar ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 22.0 paket programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %32.3’ünün COVID-19 konusunda orta düzeyde kaygı yaşadıkları, %76.3’ünün COVID-19 aşısı olduğu ve %67.5’inin COVID-19 aşısı konusunda olumlu düşüncelere sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların ölçek puan ortalamaları değerlendirildiğinde, COVID-19 korkusu ölçek puan ortalaması 15.60±6.60, COVID-19 aşısına yönelik tutumlar ölçeği puan ortalamaları 33.08±8.56 olarak saptanmıştır. COVID-19 korkusu ölçek puanı COVID-19 aşısı tutumlar ölçeği puan ortalaması arasında bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. COVID-19 korkusu ölçek puanı COVID-19 aşısı tutumlar ölçeği alt boyutları arasında da anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır.
Sonuç: Yapılan çalışma sonucunda gebelerin orta düzey bir korkuya sahip oldukları ve aşı tutumlarının orta seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur. Korku düzeyleri ve aşı tutumu arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Gebelerin COVID-19 ve aşı konusunda daha fazla bilgi sahibi olmasında sağlık çalışanlarına özellikle ebelere büyük görev düşmektedir. Aşı konusunda yanlış inanışlara sahip bireylerin tespit edilmesi ve gerekli müdahalelerin yapılması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Covid 19 aşısı, gebe, korku, tutum

References

• Schaal NK, Zöllkau J, Hepp P, Fehm T, Hagenbeck C. Pregnant and breastfeeding women’s attitudes and fears regarding the COVID-19 vaccination. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2022;306(2):365-372.
• Badell ML, Dude CM, Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ. Covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy. The BMJ. 2022;378:1-18.
• Prasad S, Kalafat E, Blakeway H, Townsend R, Morris E, Draycott T, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy. Nature Communication. 2022;13(1):1-8.
• Kimberlin DW, Stagno S. Can SARS-CoV-2 infection be acquired in utero? More definitive evidence is needed. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1788-1789.
• Alzamora MC, Paredes T, Caceres D, Webb CM, Valdez LM, La Rosa M. Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission. American Journal of Perinatology. 2020;37(8):861-865.
• Thanh Le T, Andreadakis Z, Kumar A, Gómez Román R, Tollefsen S, Saville M, et al. The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2020;19(5):305-306.
• Zeng L, Xia S, Yuan W, Yan K, Xiao F, Shao J, et al. Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatrics. 2020;174(7):722-725.
• Hoque AM, Buckus S, Hoque M, Hoque ME, Van Hal G. COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among pregnant women at a primary health care facility in Durban, South Africa. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2020;2(5):1-5.
• Maertens K, Orije MRP, Van Damme P, Leuridan E. Vaccination during pregnancy: current and possible future recommendations. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2020;179(2):235-242.
• Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ. Pregnancy, postpartum care, and COVID-19 vaccination in 2021. JAMA. 2021;325(11):1099-1100.
• Allington D, McAndrew S, Moxham-Hall V, Duffy B. Coronavirus conspiracy suspicions, general vaccine attitudes, trust and coronavirus information source as predictors of vaccine hesitancy among UK residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Medicine. 2021:1-12.
• Momplaisir F, Haynes N, Nkwihoreze H, Nelson M, Werner RM, Jemmott J. Understanding drivers of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine hesitancy among blacks. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;73(10):1784-1789. 13. Smith LE, Duffy B, Moxham-Hall V, Strang L, Wessely S, Rubin GJ. Anger and confrontation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional survey in the UK. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2021;114(2):77-90.
• Goncu Ayhan S, Oluklu D, Atalay A, Menekşe Beşer D, Tanacan A, Moraloğlu Tekin O, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in pregnant women. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2021;154(2):291-296.
• Satıcı B, Gocet-Tekin E, Deniz ME, Satici SA. Adaptation of the fear of COVID-19 scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2021;19(6):1980-1988.
• Geniş B, Gürhan N, Koç M, Geniş Ç, Şirin B, Çırakoğlu OC, et al. Development of perception and attitude scales related with COVID-19 pandemia. Pearson Journal of Social Sciences-Humanities. 2020;5(7): 306-328.
• Abuhammad S. Attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2022;50(7):896-903.
• Levy AT, Singh S, Riley LE, Prabhu M. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: A survey study. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2021;3(5):1-5.
• Naghizadeh S, Mirghafourvand M. Relationship of fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2021;35(4):364-368.
• Durmuş M, Öztürk Z, Şener N, Eren SY. The Relationship between the fear of Covid-19, depression, and spiritual well-being in pregnant women. Journal of Religion and Health. 2022;61(1):798-810.
• Sarıboğa Y, Sir Ö, Ataş S, Demir Gökmen B. The relation between COVID-19 fear and prenatal attachment of pregnant women in the pandemic. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing. 2022;August 26:1-6.
• Tarus HA, Ölmez Yalazı R, Öz T, Demirci N. Effects of Covid-19 fear on the attitudes toward Covid-19 vaccination in reproductive women. Health Care for Women International. 2022;43(4):398-412.
• Fan HSL, Choi EPH, Ko RWT, Kwok JYY, Wong JYH, Fong DYT, et al. COVID-19 related fear and depression of pregnant women and new mothers. Public Health Nursing. 2022;39(3):562-571.
• Hossain N, Samuel M, Sandeep R, Imtiaz S, Zaheer S. Perceptions, generalized anxiety and fears of pregnant women about corona virus infection in the heart of pandemic. Research Square. 2020:1-16.
• Nausheen S, Bhamani S, Makhdoo A, Sheikh L. Fear of COVID-19 among pregnant women in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2020;7(12):47-49.
• Uludağ E, Serçekuş P, Yıldırım DF, Özkan S. A Qualitative study of pregnant women's opinions on COVID-19 vaccines in Turkey. Midwifery. 2022;114:1-5.
• Giesbrecht GF, Rojas L, Patel S, Kuret V, MacKinnon AL, Tomfohr-Madsen L, et al. Fear of COVID-19, mental health, and pregnancy outcomes in the pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic study: Fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2022;299:483-491.