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Kronik Hastalıklar ve Toplumsal Önemi

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 103 - 108, 12.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1229206

Abstract

Kronik hastalıklar uzun seyirli sağlık sorunlarıdır. Günümüzde küresel mortalite ve morbidite nedenlerindendir. Küresel değişimler kronik hastalıkların insidans ve prevalansında artışa neden olur. Kronik hastalıkların çoğu için değiştirilebilir risk faktörleri vardır. Bu risk faktörleri; tütün kullanımı ve ikincil sigara dumanına maruziyet, meyve ve sebze içeriği az, sodyum ve doymuş yağlarda yüksek diyetler dahil olmak üzere kötü beslenme, fiziksel inaktivite, aşırı kilo ve aşırı alkol tüketimi sayılabilir. Özellikle tütün içimi, aşırı kilo ve fiziksel hareketsizlik kronik hastalıklarla ilişkili ekonomik yüke önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunan değiştirilebilir üç ana risk faktörüdür. Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklardan (BOH) kaynaklanan ölümleri azaltmanın en önemli yollarından biri bunların gelişmesine yol açan risk faktörlerini kontrol etmektir. Bu risk faktörlerinin üstesinden gelmek sadece hayat kurtarmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda ülkeler için büyük bir ekonomik destek sağlar. Bu hastalıkları önlemenin ötesinde, bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların yönetimi de çok önemlidir. Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların yönetimi, hastalıkların tespiti, taranması ve tedavisi ile ihtiyacı olanlar için palyatif bakımı içermektedir. Bu hastalıklardan kaynaklanan erken ölümlerin büyük çoğunluğu genel sağlık kapsamının yetersiz olması veya sağlık hizmetlerine erişimin sınırlı olduğu düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde meydana gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, evrensel sağlık kapsamının geliştirilmesi ve teşvik edilmesi bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklarla mücadelede ve önlenebilir küresel ölümlerin sayısını azaltmada oldukça önemlidir.

References

  • Özdemir Ü, Taşçı S. Kronik hastalıklarda psikososyal sorunlar ve bakım. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;1(1):57-69.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About chronic diseases. Erişim tarihi: 13.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm
  • Mayes R, Armistead B. Chronic disease, prevention policy, and the future of public health and primary care. Med Health Care Philos. 2013;16(4):691-7. doi: 10.1007/s11019-012-9454-0.
  • Karakoç Kumsar A, Taşkın Yılmaz F. Kronik hastalıklarda yaşam kalitesine genel bakış. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;2(2):62-70.
  • Barondess JA. Scanning the chronic disease terrain: Prospects and opportunities. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2014;125:45-56.
  • Mariotto AB, Enewold L, Zhao J, Zeruto CA, Yabroff KR. Medical care costs associated with cancer survivorship in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020;29:1304–1312.
  • American Diabetes Association. Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(5):917-928.
  • Ward ZJ, Bleich SN, Long MW, Gortmaker SL. Association of body mass index with health care expenditures in the United States by age and sex. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(3):e0247307. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247307
  • Murphy LB, Cisternas MG, Pasta DJ, Helmick CG, Yelin EH. Medical expenditures and earnings losses among US adults with arthritis in 2013. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018;70(6):869–876.
  • WHO Noncommunicable Diseases. Erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/noncommunicable-diseases#tab=tab_2
  • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP). Erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/costs/index.htm
  • Krueger H, Turner D, Krueger J, Ready AE. The economic benefits of risk factor reduction in Canada: Tobacco smoking, excess weight and physical inactivity. Can. J. Public Health. 2014;105:e69–e78. doi: 10.17269/cjph.105.4084.
  • Nisar M, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Burton NW, Khan A. A Longitudinal Assessment of Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases among Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Adults in Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8621. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168621.
  • CDC. How You Can Prevent Chronic Diseases. Erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/prevent/index.htm
  • Cockerham WC, Hamby BW, Oates GR. The social determinants of chronic disease. Am J Prev Med. 2017;52(S1):S5-S12.
  • Magnusson RS. Global health governance and the challenge of chronic, non-communicable disease. J Law Med Ethics. 2010;38(3):490–507. 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2010.00508.x
  • Aifah A, Iwelunmor J, Akwanalo C, Allison J, Amberbir A, Asante KP et al. The Kathmandu Declaration on Global CVD/Hypertension Research and Implementation Science: a framework to advance implementation research for cardiovascular and other noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Glob Heart. 2019;14(2):103–7. 10.1016/j.gheart.
  • Al-Lawati JA. Diabetes mellitus: A local and global public health emergency!. Oman Med J 2017;32(3):177–9. 10.5001/omj.2017.34.
  • Bansilal S, Castellano JM, Fuster V. Global burden of CVD: focus on secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol. 2015;201(Suppl 1):S1–7. 10.1016/S0167-5273(15)31026-3.
  • Smith SL, Gorantla R. Analysing the global health agenda: a comparison of priority for diabetes and oral diseases. Glob Public Health 2020;1–15. 10.1080/17441692.2020.1814834.
  • Airhihenbuwa CO, Tseng TS, Sutton VD, Price L. Global Perspectives on Improving Chronic Disease Prevention and Management in Diverse Settings. Prev Chronic Dis. 2021;8;18:E33. doi: 10.5888/pcd18.210055.
  • Heller O, Somerville C, Suggs LS, Lachat S, Piper J, Aya Pastrana N, et al. The process of prioritization of non-communicable diseases in the global health policy arena. Health Policy Plan. 2019;34(5):370–83. 10.1093/heapol/czz043.
  • WHO. Saving lives, spending less: A strategic response to noncommunicable diseases. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization; 2018.
  • Kushner RF, Sorensen KW. Lifestyle medicine: The future of chronic disease management. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2013;20(5):389-95. doi: 10.1097/01.med.0000433056.76699.5d.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, 2013. Ölüm nedenleri istatistikleri, 30–70 yaş [veri tabanı]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=15847
  • WHO 2017. Risk of premature death from the four target NCDs (Hedeflenen dört BOH’tan erken ölüm riski). Global Health Observatory data repository (küresel Sağlık Gözlemevi veri bankası[online veri tabanı]. Cenevre: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A857?lang=en
  • Bloom D, Cafiero E, Jané-Llopis E, Abrahams-Gessel S, Bloom L, Fathima S, Feigl A. The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. 2012. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/gdmwpaper/8712.htm
  • WHO. (2013). Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013–2020. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506236
  • WHO. (2018). WHO-142nd Executive Board - EU Statement: Item 3.8 - Preparation for the third High-level meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, to be held in 2018. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/node/38810_en
  • WHO. (2014). Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2014. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/128038/9789241507509_eng.pdf
  • Türkiye’de bulaşıcı olmayan (kronik) hastalıkların önlenmesi ve kontrolü için ‘Yatırım Gerekçeleri Raporu’ (2018). Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kronik-hastaliklar-engelli-db/hastaliklar/kalpvedamar/raporlar/BizzCaseTrSS.pdf

Chronic Diseases and Their Social Importance

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 103 - 108, 12.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1229206

Abstract

Chronic diseases are long-term health problems. Today, they are among the causes of global mortality and morbidity. Global changes cause an increase in the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases. There are modifiable risk factors for most chronic diseases. These risk factors are; tobacco use and secondary exposure to cigarette smoke, poor diet including diets low in fruit and vegetables, high in sodium and saturated fats, physical inactivity, overweight and excessive alcohol consumption. In particular, tobacco smoking, overweight and physical inactivity are the three main modifiable risk factors that contribute significantly to the economic burden associated with chronic diseases. One of the most important ways to reduce deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is to control the risk factors that lead to their development. Overcoming these risk factors not only saves lives, but also provides a huge economic boost for countries. Beyond preventing these diseases, the management of noncommunicable diseases is also very important. The management of noncommunicable diseases includes the detection, screening and treatment of diseases, and palliative care for those who need it. The vast majority of premature deaths from these diseases occur in low- and middle-income countries where general health coverage or access to health care is limited. Therefore, the development and promotion of universal health coverage is crucial in tackling noncommunicable diseases and reducing the number of preventable global deaths.

References

  • Özdemir Ü, Taşçı S. Kronik hastalıklarda psikososyal sorunlar ve bakım. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;1(1):57-69.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About chronic diseases. Erişim tarihi: 13.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm
  • Mayes R, Armistead B. Chronic disease, prevention policy, and the future of public health and primary care. Med Health Care Philos. 2013;16(4):691-7. doi: 10.1007/s11019-012-9454-0.
  • Karakoç Kumsar A, Taşkın Yılmaz F. Kronik hastalıklarda yaşam kalitesine genel bakış. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;2(2):62-70.
  • Barondess JA. Scanning the chronic disease terrain: Prospects and opportunities. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2014;125:45-56.
  • Mariotto AB, Enewold L, Zhao J, Zeruto CA, Yabroff KR. Medical care costs associated with cancer survivorship in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020;29:1304–1312.
  • American Diabetes Association. Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(5):917-928.
  • Ward ZJ, Bleich SN, Long MW, Gortmaker SL. Association of body mass index with health care expenditures in the United States by age and sex. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(3):e0247307. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247307
  • Murphy LB, Cisternas MG, Pasta DJ, Helmick CG, Yelin EH. Medical expenditures and earnings losses among US adults with arthritis in 2013. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018;70(6):869–876.
  • WHO Noncommunicable Diseases. Erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/noncommunicable-diseases#tab=tab_2
  • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP). Erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/costs/index.htm
  • Krueger H, Turner D, Krueger J, Ready AE. The economic benefits of risk factor reduction in Canada: Tobacco smoking, excess weight and physical inactivity. Can. J. Public Health. 2014;105:e69–e78. doi: 10.17269/cjph.105.4084.
  • Nisar M, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Burton NW, Khan A. A Longitudinal Assessment of Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases among Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Adults in Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8621. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168621.
  • CDC. How You Can Prevent Chronic Diseases. Erişim tarihi: 14.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/prevent/index.htm
  • Cockerham WC, Hamby BW, Oates GR. The social determinants of chronic disease. Am J Prev Med. 2017;52(S1):S5-S12.
  • Magnusson RS. Global health governance and the challenge of chronic, non-communicable disease. J Law Med Ethics. 2010;38(3):490–507. 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2010.00508.x
  • Aifah A, Iwelunmor J, Akwanalo C, Allison J, Amberbir A, Asante KP et al. The Kathmandu Declaration on Global CVD/Hypertension Research and Implementation Science: a framework to advance implementation research for cardiovascular and other noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Glob Heart. 2019;14(2):103–7. 10.1016/j.gheart.
  • Al-Lawati JA. Diabetes mellitus: A local and global public health emergency!. Oman Med J 2017;32(3):177–9. 10.5001/omj.2017.34.
  • Bansilal S, Castellano JM, Fuster V. Global burden of CVD: focus on secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol. 2015;201(Suppl 1):S1–7. 10.1016/S0167-5273(15)31026-3.
  • Smith SL, Gorantla R. Analysing the global health agenda: a comparison of priority for diabetes and oral diseases. Glob Public Health 2020;1–15. 10.1080/17441692.2020.1814834.
  • Airhihenbuwa CO, Tseng TS, Sutton VD, Price L. Global Perspectives on Improving Chronic Disease Prevention and Management in Diverse Settings. Prev Chronic Dis. 2021;8;18:E33. doi: 10.5888/pcd18.210055.
  • Heller O, Somerville C, Suggs LS, Lachat S, Piper J, Aya Pastrana N, et al. The process of prioritization of non-communicable diseases in the global health policy arena. Health Policy Plan. 2019;34(5):370–83. 10.1093/heapol/czz043.
  • WHO. Saving lives, spending less: A strategic response to noncommunicable diseases. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization; 2018.
  • Kushner RF, Sorensen KW. Lifestyle medicine: The future of chronic disease management. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2013;20(5):389-95. doi: 10.1097/01.med.0000433056.76699.5d.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, 2013. Ölüm nedenleri istatistikleri, 30–70 yaş [veri tabanı]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=15847
  • WHO 2017. Risk of premature death from the four target NCDs (Hedeflenen dört BOH’tan erken ölüm riski). Global Health Observatory data repository (küresel Sağlık Gözlemevi veri bankası[online veri tabanı]. Cenevre: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A857?lang=en
  • Bloom D, Cafiero E, Jané-Llopis E, Abrahams-Gessel S, Bloom L, Fathima S, Feigl A. The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. 2012. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/gdmwpaper/8712.htm
  • WHO. (2013). Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013–2020. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506236
  • WHO. (2018). WHO-142nd Executive Board - EU Statement: Item 3.8 - Preparation for the third High-level meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, to be held in 2018. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/node/38810_en
  • WHO. (2014). Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2014. Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/128038/9789241507509_eng.pdf
  • Türkiye’de bulaşıcı olmayan (kronik) hastalıkların önlenmesi ve kontrolü için ‘Yatırım Gerekçeleri Raporu’ (2018). Erişim tarihi: 15.11.2022. Erişim linki: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kronik-hastaliklar-engelli-db/hastaliklar/kalpvedamar/raporlar/BizzCaseTrSS.pdf
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Health, Environmental Health
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Vasfiye Bayram Değer 0000-0002-7714-9087

Publication Date April 12, 2023
Submission Date January 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bayram Değer, V. (2023). Kronik Hastalıklar ve Toplumsal Önemi. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences, 3(1), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1229206
AMA Bayram Değer V. Kronik Hastalıklar ve Toplumsal Önemi. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences. April 2023;3(1):103-108. doi:10.58252/artukluder.1229206
Chicago Bayram Değer, Vasfiye. “Kronik Hastalıklar Ve Toplumsal Önemi”. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (April 2023): 103-8. https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1229206.
EndNote Bayram Değer V (April 1, 2023) Kronik Hastalıklar ve Toplumsal Önemi. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences 3 1 103–108.
IEEE V. Bayram Değer, “Kronik Hastalıklar ve Toplumsal Önemi”, Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 103–108, 2023, doi: 10.58252/artukluder.1229206.
ISNAD Bayram Değer, Vasfiye. “Kronik Hastalıklar Ve Toplumsal Önemi”. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences 3/1 (April 2023), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluder.1229206.
JAMA Bayram Değer V. Kronik Hastalıklar ve Toplumsal Önemi. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences. 2023;3:103–108.
MLA Bayram Değer, Vasfiye. “Kronik Hastalıklar Ve Toplumsal Önemi”. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 3, no. 1, 2023, pp. 103-8, doi:10.58252/artukluder.1229206.
Vancouver Bayram Değer V. Kronik Hastalıklar ve Toplumsal Önemi. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences. 2023;3(1):103-8.

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