Boş Zamanlarında Uygulanan Fiziksel Aktivite ve Seçilmiş Oyunların Yaşlı Kadınlarda Yalnızlık Duygusu, Öz Yeterlik ve Yaşam Beklentisi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 670 - 681, 28.06.2023

Ensiye Oladi , Mahdi Esfahani , Amin Azimkhani , Shabnam Asan

https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1227714

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of physical activity and selected games in leisure time on the feeling of loneliness, self-efficacy, and life expectancy in elderly women. The research was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included elderly women aged over 60 years old in Mashhad's elderly homes. 50 available women were selected as participants. The subjects were divided into three groups: physical activity, game, and control. The subjects (physical activity and game groups) participated in the exercise program with 45 minutes per session and three sessions per week for 8 weeks. The instruments included a questionnaire of UCLA loneliness scale (Russell, 1996), self-efficacy scale (Sherer et al., 1982), and Life expectancy scale (Snyder, 2002). SPSS 24 was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the results of the game group and the control group based on loneliness (P<0.05). Also, there is a significant difference between the results of the game and physical activity groups with the control group based on self-efficacy and life expectancy of elderly women (P<0.05). It can be said that playing games in leisure time have a more significant impact than physical activity on loneliness, self-efficacy, and life expectancy in elderly women.

Keywords

Physical activity, Game, Leisure time, Loneliness, Self-efficacy, Life expectancy, Elderly women.

Supporting Institution

Imamreza International University

Thanks

Selam ve Saygılarımla; Dergi yüksek indekslerle çok iyi yönetilmektedir. Umarım bu şekilde devam edebilirsiniz

The Effect of Physical Activity and Selected Games in Leisure Time on the Feeling of Loneliness, Self-Efficacy, and Life Expectancy of Elderly Women

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of physical activity and selected games in leisure time on the feeling of loneliness, self-efficacy, and life expectancy in elderly women. The research was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included elderly women aged over 60 years old in Mashhad's elderly homes. 50 available women were selected as participants. The subjects were divided into three groups: physical activity, game, and control. The subjects (physical activity and game groups) participated in the exercise program with 45 minutes per session and three sessions per week for 8 weeks. The instruments included a questionnaire of UCLA loneliness scale (Russell, 1996), self-efficacy scale (Sherer et al., 1982), and Life expectancy scale (Snyder, 2002). SPSS 24 was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the results of the game group and the control group based on loneliness (P<0.05). Also, there is a significant difference between the results of the game and physical activity groups with the control group based on self-efficacy and life expectancy of elderly women (P<0.05). It can be said that playing games in leisure time have a more significant impact than physical activity on loneliness, self-efficacy, and life expectancy in elderly women.

Keywords

Physical activity, Game, Leisure time, Loneliness, Self-efficacy, Life expectancy, Elderly women.

References

• Adams, K., Sanders, S., & Auth, E. (2004). Loneliness and depression in independent living retirement communities: risk and resilience factors. Aging and Mental Health, 8(6), 475-85. https://doi: 10.1080/13607860410001725054. 8:475-85
• Beard, J. R., Officer, A., de Carvalho, I. A., Sadana, R., Pot, A. M., Michel, J. P., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., Epping-Jordan, J. E., Peeters, G. M. E. E. G., Mahanani, W. R., Thiyagarajan, J. A., & Chatterji, S. (2016). The World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing. Lancet. 387(10033), 2145-2154. https://doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4
• Brach, J. S., Simonsick, E. M., Kritchevsky, S., Yaffe, K., Newman, A. B., Health, Aging and Body Composition Study Research Group. (2004). The association between physical function and lifestyle activity and exercise in the health, aging and body composition study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(4). 502-509. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52154.x.
• Brady, S., D’Ambrosio, L. A., Felts, A., Rula, E. Y., Kell, K. P., & Coughlin, J. F. (2020). Reducing Isolation and Loneliness through Membership in a Fitness Program for Older Adults: Implications for Health. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 39(3), 301–310. https://doi: 10.1177/0733464818807820
• Burke, L. (2012). Lifelong developmental psychology - from 0 years old to teenagers (1st ed). Translated by: Seyyed
• Mohammadi, Y (2022), Arasbaran Publications. https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/9646389526
• Chi, I., Yip, P. S., Chiu, H. F., Chou, K. L., Chan, K. S., Kwan, C. W., Conwell, Y., & Caine, E. (2005). Prevalence of depression and its correlates in Hong Kong's Chinese older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(5), 409-416. https://doi: 10.1176/appi.ajgp.13.5.409
• Chul-Ho, B. U. M., John Arthur, J., & Chulhwan, C. (2020). Healthy aging and happiness in the Korean elderly based upon leisure activity type. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 49(3), 454-462. https://doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i3.3141
• Davidson, G. C., & Goldfried, M. R. (1976). Clinical Behavior Therapy (1th ed). Harcourt College Publishers. https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Clinical-Behavior-Therapy-Davison-Gerald-Goldfried/30739180028/bd
• Heidari, M., Ghodusi Borujeni, M., & Naseh, L. (2016). Comparison of Self-Efficacy and Loneliness between Community-Dwelling & Institutionalized Older People. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 11(1), 142-151. http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-950-fa.html
• Heravi Karimoy, M., Annoshe, M., Forooghan, M., Sheykhi, M. T., Hajizadeh, E., Baghermadah, M. S., Mohammadi, I., Ahmadi, F. (2007). Clarifying the views of the elderly about the phenomenon of loneliness: a qualitative phenomenological research. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 2(6), 410-420. https://www.sid.ir/paper/94970/fa
• Kwag, K. H., Martin, P., Russell, D., Franke, W., Kohut, M. (2011). The impact of perceived stress, social support, and home-based physical activity on mental health among older adults. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 72(2), 137-154. doi: 10.2190/AG.72.2.c.
• Lee, H. Y., Yu, C. P., Wu, C. D., & Pan, W. C. (2018). the effect of leisure activity diversity and exercise time on the prevention of depression in the middle-aged and elderly residents of Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 654. https://doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040654.
• Lee, T. W., Ko, I. S., & Lee, K. J. (2005). Health promotion behaviors and quality of life among community-dwelling elderly in Korea: a cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(3), 293-300. https://doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.06.009
• Maher, J. P., Pincus, A. L., Ram, N., & Conroy, D. E. (2015). Daily physical activity and life satisfaction across adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 51(10), 1407-1419. https://doi: 10.1037/dev0000037
• Mahmudiono, T., Setyaningtyas, S. W., Rachmah, Q., Nindya, T. S., Megatsari, H., Indriani, D., Rifqi, M. A., Kriengsinyos, W. (2021). Self-efficacy in physical activity and glycemic control among older adults with diabetes in Jagir Subdistrict, Surabaya, Indonesia. Heliyon 7(1), e07578. https://10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07578
• McInnis, G. J., & White, J. H. (2001). A phenomenological exploration of loneliness in the older adult. Archive of Psychiatric Nursing, 15(3), 128-139. https://doi: 10.1053/apnu.2001.23751
• Mobaraki, N., Esfahani, M., Azimkhani, A., Azizi, B. (2022). Investigating the Relationship between Quality of Life and Adherence to Physical Activity with Life Expectancy at Leisure time in the Elderly. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education, 4(1), 56-66. https://doi: 10.47778/ejsse.1108793
• Monma, T., Takeda, F., Noguchi, H., Takahashi, H., Watanabe, T., & Tamiya, N. (2019). Exercise or sports in midlife and healthy life expectancy: an ecological study in all prefectures in Japan. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-8. https://doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7570-y
• Nawrocka, A., & Mynarski, W. (2017). Objective assessment of adherence to global recommendations on physical activity for health in relation to spirometric values in nonsmoker women aged 60-75 years. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 25(1), 123-127. https://doi: 10.1123/japa.2015-0119
• Paudel, S., Owen, A. J., & Smith, B. J. (2021). Socio-ecological influences of leisure-time physical activity among Nepalese adults: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1443. https://doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11484-3
• Rimmer, J. H., Wang, E., & Smith, D. (2008). Barriers associated with exercise and community access for individuals with stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 45(2), 315-322. https://doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2007.02.0042
• Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40. https://doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
• Saint-Maurice, P. F., Coughlan, D., Kelly, S. P., Keadle, S. K., Cook, M. B., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., & Matthews, C. E. (2019). Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity across the Adult Life Course with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Network Open, 2(3):e190355. https://doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0355
• Sala, G., Jopp, D., Gobet, F., Ogawa, M., Ishioka, Y., Masui, Y., Inagaki, H., Nakagawa, T., Yasumoto, S., Ishizaki, T., Arai, Y., Ikebe, K., Kamide, K., & Gondo, Y. (2019). The impact of leisure activities on older adults' cognitive function, physical function, and mental health. PLoS One, 14(11), e0225006. https://doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225006
• Schutzer, K. A., & Graves, B. S. (2004). Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 39(5), 1056-1061. https://doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.003
• Shearer, R., & Davidhizar, R. (1999). Conquering loneliness. Elder Care, 11(2), 12-15. https://doi: 10.7748/eldc.11.2.12.s6 Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercandate, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W. (1982). The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51(2), 663-671. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663
• Snyder, C. R., & McCullough, M. E. (2000). A positive psychology field of dreams: “If You Build it, They Will Come…”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 151-160. https://doi: 10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.151
• Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1448867
• Van Malderen, L., Mets, T., & Gorus, E. (2013). Interventions to enhance the Quality of Life of older people in residential long-term care: a systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews, 12(1), 141-150. https://doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.007
• World Health Organization (2004, 26 May). Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241592222
• United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/423). https://population.un.org/wpp/publications/files/wpp2019_highlights.pdf