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FUHUŞLA MÜCADELEDE İSKANDİNAV MODELİ

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 807 - 843, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.47136/asbuhfd.1282827

Abstract

Fuhuş, insan onuru ve eşitliğini ihlal eden, kişinin bedenini ticaret malı haline getirerek ona fiziki ve ruhi açıdan zarar veren, nesilleri kalıtsal ve ölümcül bazı hastalıklara maruz bırakabilen, aile birliği ve toplumsal düzeni olumsuz etkileyen büyük bir sorundur. Neden ve sonuçlarıyla, hukukun yanında pek çok bilim dalının inceleme konusunu oluşturan fuhuş olgusu; tarih boyunca farklı zaman ve coğrafyalarda farklı değerlendirmelere konu olmuş bir eylemdir. Günümüzde de devletlerin fuhşa dair düzenlemeleri farklılıklar içermektedir. Öncelikle İsveç’te akabinde pek çok ülkede kabul edilmiş, İskandinav veya İsveç modeli olarak anılan yaklaşım, fuhuş ve fuhuş amaçlı insan ticaretiyle mücadele kapsamında diğer ülke düzenlemelerinden ayrışan bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Modelin çıkış noktası, fuhşa aracılığın yanında, fuhuşta müşteri olmanın da suç olarak benimsenmesidir. Modeli benimseyen bazı ülkelerde fuhuş yapan kimseler de belirli koşullarla cezalandırılmaktadır. İskandinav modelinin ve uygulandığı farklı ülkelerdeki düzenlemelerin incelendiği bu çalışmada, konuya dair ülkemiz mevzuatı, öğreti görüşleri ve yargı kararlarına da yer verilmiştir. Ülkemizde fuhşa aracılığın ve fuhşun reklamının suç olarak düzenlendiği, ancak fuhuş yapanlar veya müşterilerinin cezalandırılması yönünde tercihte bulunulmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.

References

  • Akkaya, Çetin. Fuhuş Suçu. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi, 2022. Ann, Jordan. “The Swedish Law To Criminalize Clients: A Failed Experiment In Social Engineering.” American University Washington College of Law, no.4 (2012): 1-17. Arslantürk, Mustafa. Türk Ceza Kanunu Uygulamasında Cinsel Suçlar. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Artantaş, Günce. “Bir Sapma Davranışı Olarak Fuhuş.” Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 70, no. 1 (2021): 1-29.
  • Atalay, Ayşe Özge. Türk Ceza Hukukunda Fuhuş Suçu. İstanbul: Oniki Levha Yayınları, 2013.
  • Bakar, Nezihat. “Düzensiz Göç Ve Fuhuş Amaçlı Kadın Ticareti: Türkiye Örneği ve İsveç Modeli Üzerine Tartışmalar.” Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi,: İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2010.
  • Danna, Daniela. Report on Prostitution Laws in the European Union. University of Milan, 2014. https://documentation.lastradainternational.org/lsidocs/3048-EU-prostitution-laws.pdf.
  • Değirmenci, Olgun. “Mukayeseli Hukukta ve Türk Hukukunda İnsan Ticareti Suçu”. TBB Dergisi, no. 67 (2006): 57-96.
  • Demirbaş, Timur. Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Di Nicola, Andrea. “The Differing EU Member States’ Regulations on Prostitution and Their Cross-Border Implications on Women’s Rights.”, (Brüksel, Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament, 2021). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/695394/IPOL_STU(2021) 695394_EN.pdf.
  • Dodillet, Susanne ve Petra Östergren, “The Swedish Sex Purchase Act: Claimed Success and Documented Effects,” Conference Paper Presented at The International Workshop: Decriminalizing Prostitution and Beyond: Practical Experiences and Challenges, (Lahey, 2011). http://www.petraostergren.com/upl/files/54259.pdf.
  • Dönmezer, Sulhi. Ceza Hukuku Özel Kısım Genel Adap ve Aile Düzenine Karşı Cürümler. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, 1975.
  • Dönmezer, Sulhi ve Sahir Erman. Nazari ve Tatbiki Ceza Hukuku. Cilt 1. İstanbul: Der Yayınevi, 2016.
  • Dursun, Hasan. “Fuhşa ve Fuhuş Hakkındaki Temel Türk Hukuk Normlarına Genel Bir Bakış.” Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, no. 93 (2011): 405-442.
  • Ekberg, Gunilla. “The Swedish Law That Prohibits the Purchase of Sexual Services: Best Practices for Prevention of Prostitution and Trafficking in Human Beings.” Violence Against Women 10, no. 10, (2004): 1-28.
  • Farley, Melissa, Ann Cotton, Jacqueline Lynne, Sybille Zumbeck, Frida Spiwak, Maria Emma Reyes, Dinorah Alvarez ve Ufuk Sezgin. “Prostitution and Trafficking in Nine Countries. Journal of Trauma Practice,” Journal of Trauma Practice 2, sayı 3-4, (2004): 33-74.
  • Güzel Mumyakmaz, Hatice. “İllet-i Müthişe: 20. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Türkiye’de Frengi İle Mücadele.” Akademik Hassasiyetler 7, sayı 13, (2020): 119-148.
  • Hartjen, Olivia "Sexkopslagen in the States: An American Version of the Nordic Model to Address Sex Trafficking in the United States," Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 54, no. 1 (2021): 243-482.
  • Holmström, Charlotta ve May-Len Skilbrei. “The Swedish Sex Purchase Act: Where Does it Stand?.” Oslo Law Review 4, no. 2 (2017): 82-104.
  • Kaime-Atterhög, Wanjiku. “Perspectives On The Swedish Model To Prevent And Combat Prostitution And Trafficking For Purposes Of Sexual Exploitation.”, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Publication, (2021). https://www.kas.de/en/web/nordische/single-title/-/content/perspectives-on-the-swedish-model-to-prevent-and-combat-prostitution-and-trafficking.
  • Kırlı, Engin. “Tanzimat Sonrası Fuhuş Hadisesine Yaklaşımda Yaşanan Değişim.” Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 12, (2010): 39-51.
  • Kingston, Sarah ve Terry Thomas, “No model in practice: a ‘Nordic model’ to respond to prostitution?,” Crime, Law and Social Change, no. 71 (2019): 423–439.
  • Kline, Ashleigh M. "The Fallacy of Free Will in Prostitution: Encouraging Prostitution Reform to Prevent the Repeated Victimization of Vulnerable Persons". Michigan State International Law Review 25, no. 3 (2017): 665-698.
  • Koca, Mahmut. “İnsan Yağması (Sömürüsü) Suçu (Tck m. 201b).” Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 52, no. 2 (2003): 141-172.
  • Koca, Mahmut ve İlhan Üzülmez. Türk Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Mathieson, Ane, Easton Branam ve Anya Noble. “Prostitution Policy: Legalization, Decriminalization and the Nordic Model.” Seattle Journal for Social Justice 14, no. 2 2015: 367-428.
  • Mathilde Darley, Marion David, Lilian Mathieu, Gwénaëlle Mainsant ve Véronique Guienne. “Assessing Prostitution Policies in Europe. içinde “Prostitution Policies in France”, ed. Synnøve Jahnsen ve Hendrik Wagenaar, New York: Roudledge Publishing, (2018) : 92-107.
  • Merki Çoksezen, Duygu. Fuhuş Suçu (TCK 227). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Önder, Ayhan. Türk Ceza Hukuku Özel Hükümler. İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi, 1991. Özbek, Veli Özer, Koray Doğan ve Pınar Bacaksız. Türk Ceza Hukuk Özel Hükümler. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, 2022.
  • Özgenç, İzzet. Türk Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Skilbrei, May-Len ve Charlotta Holmström. “Prostitution Policy in the Nordic Region: Ambiguous Sympathies.” New York, Roudledge Publishing, 2016.
  • St.Denny, Emily. “The Gradual Transformation of a Weak but Enduring Regime: Contemporary French Prostitution Policy in Transition (1946-2016).” Modern and Contemporary France 25, no. 3 (2017): 299-314.
  • Tezcan, Durmuş, Mustafa Ruhan Erdem ve R. Murat Önok. Teorik ve Pratik Ceza Özel Hukuku. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, 2022.
  • Wagenaar, Hendrik, Sietske Altink ve Helga Amesberger. Final Report of the International Comparative Study of Prostitution Policy: Austria and the Netherlands. Den Haag, Platform31, 2013.
  • Yaşar, Osman, Hasan Tahsin Gökcan ve Mustafa Artuç. Yorumlu Uygulamalı Türk Ceza Kanunu Cilt 5. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi, 2010.
  • Zeegers, Nicolle ve Martina Althoff “Regulating Human Trafficking by Prostitution Policy - An Assessment of the Dutch and Swedish Prostitution Legislation and Its Effects on Women's Self-Determination.” European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 2, no.2 4, (2015): 351-378.

FUHUŞ SUÇUNDA İSKANDİNAV MODELİ TÜRKİYE İÇİN ÖRNEK OLABİLİR Mİ?

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 807 - 843, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.47136/asbuhfd.1282827

Abstract

Prostitution is a major problem that violates human dignity and equality, damages the person's body physically and morally by making it a commercial property, can expose future generations to some hereditary and deadly diseases, and negatively affects family unity and social order. The phenomenon of prostitution, which is the subject of many disciplines besides law, with its causes and consequences; It is an action that has been the subject of different evaluations in different times and geographies throughout history. Today, the regulations of the states on prostitution include differences. The approach, which was first adopted in Sweden and then in many countries, referred to as the Scandinavian or Swedish model, offers a perspective that differs from other country regulations within the scope of fighting prostitution and human trafficking for prostitution. The starting point of the model is the adoption of being a customer in prostitution as a crime, as well as intermediation in prostitution. In some countries that have adopted the model, prostitutes are also punished with certain conditions. In this study, which examines the Scandinavian model and the regulations in different countries where it is applied, our country's legislation, doctrinal views and judicial decisions on the subject are included. It is understood that pimping and the advertisement of prostitution is regulated as a crime in our country, but there is no preference for punishment for prostitutes or their customers.

References

  • Akkaya, Çetin. Fuhuş Suçu. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi, 2022. Ann, Jordan. “The Swedish Law To Criminalize Clients: A Failed Experiment In Social Engineering.” American University Washington College of Law, no.4 (2012): 1-17. Arslantürk, Mustafa. Türk Ceza Kanunu Uygulamasında Cinsel Suçlar. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Artantaş, Günce. “Bir Sapma Davranışı Olarak Fuhuş.” Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 70, no. 1 (2021): 1-29.
  • Atalay, Ayşe Özge. Türk Ceza Hukukunda Fuhuş Suçu. İstanbul: Oniki Levha Yayınları, 2013.
  • Bakar, Nezihat. “Düzensiz Göç Ve Fuhuş Amaçlı Kadın Ticareti: Türkiye Örneği ve İsveç Modeli Üzerine Tartışmalar.” Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi,: İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2010.
  • Danna, Daniela. Report on Prostitution Laws in the European Union. University of Milan, 2014. https://documentation.lastradainternational.org/lsidocs/3048-EU-prostitution-laws.pdf.
  • Değirmenci, Olgun. “Mukayeseli Hukukta ve Türk Hukukunda İnsan Ticareti Suçu”. TBB Dergisi, no. 67 (2006): 57-96.
  • Demirbaş, Timur. Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Di Nicola, Andrea. “The Differing EU Member States’ Regulations on Prostitution and Their Cross-Border Implications on Women’s Rights.”, (Brüksel, Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament, 2021). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/695394/IPOL_STU(2021) 695394_EN.pdf.
  • Dodillet, Susanne ve Petra Östergren, “The Swedish Sex Purchase Act: Claimed Success and Documented Effects,” Conference Paper Presented at The International Workshop: Decriminalizing Prostitution and Beyond: Practical Experiences and Challenges, (Lahey, 2011). http://www.petraostergren.com/upl/files/54259.pdf.
  • Dönmezer, Sulhi. Ceza Hukuku Özel Kısım Genel Adap ve Aile Düzenine Karşı Cürümler. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, 1975.
  • Dönmezer, Sulhi ve Sahir Erman. Nazari ve Tatbiki Ceza Hukuku. Cilt 1. İstanbul: Der Yayınevi, 2016.
  • Dursun, Hasan. “Fuhşa ve Fuhuş Hakkındaki Temel Türk Hukuk Normlarına Genel Bir Bakış.” Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, no. 93 (2011): 405-442.
  • Ekberg, Gunilla. “The Swedish Law That Prohibits the Purchase of Sexual Services: Best Practices for Prevention of Prostitution and Trafficking in Human Beings.” Violence Against Women 10, no. 10, (2004): 1-28.
  • Farley, Melissa, Ann Cotton, Jacqueline Lynne, Sybille Zumbeck, Frida Spiwak, Maria Emma Reyes, Dinorah Alvarez ve Ufuk Sezgin. “Prostitution and Trafficking in Nine Countries. Journal of Trauma Practice,” Journal of Trauma Practice 2, sayı 3-4, (2004): 33-74.
  • Güzel Mumyakmaz, Hatice. “İllet-i Müthişe: 20. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Türkiye’de Frengi İle Mücadele.” Akademik Hassasiyetler 7, sayı 13, (2020): 119-148.
  • Hartjen, Olivia "Sexkopslagen in the States: An American Version of the Nordic Model to Address Sex Trafficking in the United States," Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 54, no. 1 (2021): 243-482.
  • Holmström, Charlotta ve May-Len Skilbrei. “The Swedish Sex Purchase Act: Where Does it Stand?.” Oslo Law Review 4, no. 2 (2017): 82-104.
  • Kaime-Atterhög, Wanjiku. “Perspectives On The Swedish Model To Prevent And Combat Prostitution And Trafficking For Purposes Of Sexual Exploitation.”, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Publication, (2021). https://www.kas.de/en/web/nordische/single-title/-/content/perspectives-on-the-swedish-model-to-prevent-and-combat-prostitution-and-trafficking.
  • Kırlı, Engin. “Tanzimat Sonrası Fuhuş Hadisesine Yaklaşımda Yaşanan Değişim.” Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 12, (2010): 39-51.
  • Kingston, Sarah ve Terry Thomas, “No model in practice: a ‘Nordic model’ to respond to prostitution?,” Crime, Law and Social Change, no. 71 (2019): 423–439.
  • Kline, Ashleigh M. "The Fallacy of Free Will in Prostitution: Encouraging Prostitution Reform to Prevent the Repeated Victimization of Vulnerable Persons". Michigan State International Law Review 25, no. 3 (2017): 665-698.
  • Koca, Mahmut. “İnsan Yağması (Sömürüsü) Suçu (Tck m. 201b).” Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 52, no. 2 (2003): 141-172.
  • Koca, Mahmut ve İlhan Üzülmez. Türk Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Mathieson, Ane, Easton Branam ve Anya Noble. “Prostitution Policy: Legalization, Decriminalization and the Nordic Model.” Seattle Journal for Social Justice 14, no. 2 2015: 367-428.
  • Mathilde Darley, Marion David, Lilian Mathieu, Gwénaëlle Mainsant ve Véronique Guienne. “Assessing Prostitution Policies in Europe. içinde “Prostitution Policies in France”, ed. Synnøve Jahnsen ve Hendrik Wagenaar, New York: Roudledge Publishing, (2018) : 92-107.
  • Merki Çoksezen, Duygu. Fuhuş Suçu (TCK 227). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Önder, Ayhan. Türk Ceza Hukuku Özel Hükümler. İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi, 1991. Özbek, Veli Özer, Koray Doğan ve Pınar Bacaksız. Türk Ceza Hukuk Özel Hükümler. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, 2022.
  • Özgenç, İzzet. Türk Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2022.
  • Skilbrei, May-Len ve Charlotta Holmström. “Prostitution Policy in the Nordic Region: Ambiguous Sympathies.” New York, Roudledge Publishing, 2016.
  • St.Denny, Emily. “The Gradual Transformation of a Weak but Enduring Regime: Contemporary French Prostitution Policy in Transition (1946-2016).” Modern and Contemporary France 25, no. 3 (2017): 299-314.
  • Tezcan, Durmuş, Mustafa Ruhan Erdem ve R. Murat Önok. Teorik ve Pratik Ceza Özel Hukuku. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, 2022.
  • Wagenaar, Hendrik, Sietske Altink ve Helga Amesberger. Final Report of the International Comparative Study of Prostitution Policy: Austria and the Netherlands. Den Haag, Platform31, 2013.
  • Yaşar, Osman, Hasan Tahsin Gökcan ve Mustafa Artuç. Yorumlu Uygulamalı Türk Ceza Kanunu Cilt 5. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi, 2010.
  • Zeegers, Nicolle ve Martina Althoff “Regulating Human Trafficking by Prostitution Policy - An Assessment of the Dutch and Swedish Prostitution Legislation and Its Effects on Women's Self-Determination.” European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 2, no.2 4, (2015): 351-378.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İsmail Şahin 0000-0001-7198-8149

Early Pub Date December 30, 2023
Publication Date December 30, 2023
Submission Date April 14, 2023
Acceptance Date December 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Şahin, İsmail. “FUHUŞLA MÜCADELEDE İSKANDİNAV MODELİ”. Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 5, no. 2 (December 2023): 807-43. https://doi.org/10.47136/asbuhfd.1282827.

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