Benthic Macroinvertebrate Fauna (Clitellata and Chironomidae) of Lake Limni, Gümüşhane, Turkiye

Year 2023, , 6 - 11, 24.01.2023

Deniz Mercan

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221195255

Abstract

Benthic macroinvertebrate groups, which have adapted to life in a wide variety of aquatic habitats from fresh to saltwater, are often used as bioindicators to determine the status of aquatic ecosys-tems. Streams and lakes face the dangers of pollution due to anthropogenic impact, especially due to recreational uses. So far, a total of 262 protected nature parks have been declared in Türkiye, one of which is Lake Limni, the area under study. Lake Limni is located in the province of Gümüşhane in the Eastern Black Sea Basin. No studies were previously conducted to determine the macroinvertebrate fauna in the lake. To fill this gap, sampling was carried out from 2 stations in 2020 to determine the macroinvertebrate fauna of the lake. As a result of laboratory studies, 25 species belonging to 18 genera were identified. It was determined that the zoobenthic community of the lake consisted of Clitellata and Chironomidae individuals and that the dominant taxon of the lake was Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri from Oligochaeta with 14.71% dominancy. The high population density of Oligochaeta and Chironomidae individuals in the study area and the low species diversity indicate poor water quality. It is also possible to say that the water quality of Lake Limni has changed from eutrophic to hypereutrophic.

Keywords

Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, pollution

Thanks

I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Naime Arslan for her valuable suggestions on the manuscript.

References

• Anonym. (1999). Çevre durum raporu.Trabzon: Trabzon İl Çevre Müdürlüğü, 206 pp.
• AQEM Consortium. (2002). Manual for the Application of the AQEM System. A Comprehensive Method to Assess European Streams Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates, Developed for the Purpose of the Water Framework Directive. Version 1.0.
• Bat, L., Akbulut, M., Çulha, M. & Sezgin, M. (2000). The macrobenthic fauna of Sırakaraağaçlar Stream flowing into the Black Sea at Akliman, Sinop. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 6(1), 7186.
• Bellan-Santini, D. (1969). Contribution a letude des peuplement inflraliltorase Sur Substrat rocheuse (Etude qualitative et. quantative de la franch Superiore). Recherche, France, 63(47), 9-284.
• Birinci, S., Zaman, M. & Bulut, İ. (2016). Limni Gölü tabiat parkının (Gümüşhane) rekreasyon potansiyeli. Journal of International Social Research, 9(46), 285-294.
• Bode, R. W., Novak, M.A. & Abele, L.E. (1996). Quality assurance work plan for biological stream monitoring in New York State. Albany: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, 89p.
• Brinkhurst, R. O. & Jamieson, B. G. M. (1971). Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Canada: University of Toronto Publication.
• Cesar, D. A. S. & Henry, R. (2017). Is similar the distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) and Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) in a river and a lateral fluvial area? Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 29, e6.
• Chapman, M. G., Tolhurst, T. J., Murphy, R. & Underwood, A. J. (2010). Complex and inconsistent patterns of variation in benthos, microalgae and sediment over multiple spatial scales. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 398, 33-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ meps08328.
• Çalık, İ. & Pir, B. (2019). Korunan alanların sürdürülebilir turizm kapsamında değerlendirilmesi: Gümüşhane Limni Gölü Tabiat Parkı örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 10(EkSayı), 159-169.
• Davis, R. J. (1982). New records of aquatic Oligochaeta from Texas, with observations on their ecological characteristics. Hydrobiologia, 96, 15-29.
• Dumnicka, E. (1978). Communities of oligochaetes (Oligochaeta) of the River Nida and its tributaries. Acta Hyrobiol. 20, 117-141.
• Epler, J. H. (1995). Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida, Revised edition. USA: Department of Environmental Protection of Florida.
• Furse, M., Hering, D., Moog, O., Verdonschot, P., Johnson, R. K., Brabec, K., Gritzalis, K., Buffagni, A., Pinto, P., Friberg, N., Murraybligh, J., Kokes, J., Alber, R., Ussegliopolatera, P., Haase, P., Sweeting, R., Bis, B., Szoszkiewicz, K., Soszka, H., Springe, G., Sporka, F. & Krno, I. (2006). The STAR project: context, objectives and approaches. Hydrobiologia, 566(1), 3-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0067-6.
• Gümüşhane Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü. (2020). Gümüşhane ili 2019 yılı Çevre Durum Raporu. Hammer 0., Harper, D.A.T. & Ryan P.D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica. 4 (1), 9 pp.
• Hirabayashi, K. & Hayashi, H. (1994). Horizontal distribution of benthic macro invertebrates in Lake Kizaki. Japanese Journal of Limnology, 55(2), 105-114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3739/rikusui.55.105.
• ISO 10870:2012. Water quality-Guidelines for the selection of sampling methods and devices for benthic macroinvertebrates in fresh waters.
• Jesús-Crespo, R. & Ramírez, A. (2011). Effects of urbanization on stream physicochemistry and macroinvertebrate assemblages in a tropical urban watershed in Puerto Rico. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 30(3), 739-750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1899/10-081.1.
• Kathman, R. D. & Brinkhurst, R.O. (1998). Guide to the Freshwater Oligochaetes of North America. New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission through Grant Number 0240-006. 264p.
• Langdon, P. G. R., Broderson, Z. K. P. & Foster, D. L. (2006). Assessing lake eutrophication using chironomids:Understanding the nature of community response in different lake types. Freshwater Biology, 51, 562-577.
• Mandaville, S. M. (2002) Benthic macroinvertebrates in freshwaters-Taxa Tolerance Values, Metrics, and Protocols. Project H-1, Soil & Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax.
• Milbrink, G. (1980). Oligochaete communities in pollution biology: the European situation with special reference to lakes in Scandinavia. In Brinkhurst, R. O. & Cook, D. G. (Eds.), Aquatic Oligochaete biology (pp. 17-43). NY: Plenum Publishing Corporation.
• Murtagh, F. & Legendre, P. (2014). Ward’s hierarchical agglomerative clustering method: which algorithms implement Ward’s criterion?, Journal of Classification, 31(3), 274-295.
• Nilsson, A. (1996). Aquatic insects of Europe. 1. A taxonomic handbook. Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books.
• Pearson, T. H. & Rosenberg, R. (2006). Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of marine environment. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 16, 229-311.
• Pinder, L. C. V. & Reiss, F. (1983). The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the holarctic region, Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplementum, 19, 293-435.
• Rosenberg, D. M. & Resh, V. H. (1993). Introduction to freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York, p. 488.
• Sanseverino, A. M. & Nessimian, J. L. (2001). Hábitats de larvas de Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) em riachos de Mata Atlântica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 13, 29-38.
• Schwank Von, P. (1982). Turbellarien, Oligochaeten und Archianneliden des Breitenbachs und anderer oberhessischer Mittelgebirgsbäche. III. Die Taxozönosen der Turbellarien und Oligochaeten in Fließgewässern - eine synökologische Gliederung. Archiv für Hydrobiologie/Supplementum 62, 191-253.
• Sharma, S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. NewYork: John Wiley and Sons.
• Singh, V. P., Mishra, A. K., Chowdhary, H. & Khedun, C. P. (2014). Handbook of Environmental Engineering. Modern Water Resources Engineering, 15.
• Şahin, B. (2008). Species composition and diversity of epipelic algae in Limni Lake (Gümüşhane, Turkey). Acta Botanica Hungarica, 50(3-4), 397-405.
• Thorp, J. H. & Rogers, D. C. (2019). Volume IV: Keys to Palaearctic Fauna Thorp and Covich’s Freshwater invertebrates (4th ed., pp. 357-518), MA, USA: Academic Press, Elsevier, Waltham.
• Timm, T. & Veldhuijzen van Zanten, H. H. (2003). Freshwater Oligochaeta of North-West Europe. Expert-Center for Taxonomic Identification.
• Timm, T. (1970). On the fauna of the Estonian Oligochaeta. Pedobiologia, 10, 52-78.
• Timm, T. (2009). A guide to the freshwater Oligochaeta and Polychaeta of Northern and Central Europe. Lauterbornia, 66, 2009, 235 p.
• Tozkoporan, U., Atayeter, Y. & Yayla, O. (2020). Altınpınar (Limni) Gölü ve yakın çevresinin rekreasyon potansiyelinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir yöntem uygulaması. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 25(44), 61-84.
• Türkmen, G. & Kazancı, N. (2010). Applications of various biodiversity indices to benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in streams of a national park in Turkey. Review of Hydrobiology, 3(2), 111-125.
• Wang, B., Liu, D., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Lu, D. & Wang, L. (2012). Impacts of urbanization on stream habitats and macroinvertebrate communities in the tributaries of Qiangtang River, China. Hydrobiologia, 680(1), 39-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0899-6.
• Wetzel, M. J., Kathman, R. D., Fend, S. V. & Coates, K. A. (2000). Taxonomy, systematics, and ecology of freshwater Oligochaeta. In: Workbook prepared for North American Benthological Society Technical Information Workshop, 48th Annual Meeting, Keystone Resort, CO., 120 pp.
• Xu, R. & Wunsch II, D. C. (2009). Clustering. Hoboken, New Jersey: A John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• Yaqoob, K. U. & Pandit, A. K. (2009). Distribution and abundance of macrozoobenthos in Dal lake of Kashmir. Journal of Research Development, 9, 20-29.
• Yeşil, P. & Hacıoğlu, V. (2018). Limni Gölü Tabiat Parkı peyzaj değerlerinin rekreasyonel açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6(6), 680-688.