THE INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION OF SOME FISHES IN ALTINYAZI DAM LAKE (EDIRNE-TURKEY)

Year 2016, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 18.05.2016

Emrullah Çetin Hüseyin Güher Çiğdem Gürsoy Gaygusuz

https://doi.org/10.18864/TJAS201601

Abstract

In this study, heavy metal accumulations of the
Altınyazı Dam Lake (Edirne/Turkey) water, sediments and the various tissues
(gill, muscle, liver, kidneys) of some fish species (Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Blicca bjoerkna, Perca
fluviatilis, Sander lucioperca) were investigated. Heavy metal analyses
(Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb) were performed with PERKIN ELMER AAnalyst 800
Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometer. Only Fe was determined in water, the other
metals were below detection limit. All heavy metals were determined in sediment
with concentrations Fe> Mn> Cr> Pb> Zn> Cu> Cd. No
significant difference in metal concentration in sediment was determined
(p>0.05) except Fe (p<0.05).  The levels of metals in water and sediment
were under the acceptable levels. The levels of Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn in fish
tissues were determined under acceptable limits. However, the levels of Cd and
Pb in fish tissues were determined over acceptable limits. Accumulation levels
of Cr, Zn, Fe and Pb in C.carpio were
found to be different than the other species (p<0.05). Biota-sediment accumulation factors of  (BSAF) of some elements were below 1 in some
tissues. BSAF of Cd were markedly above 1 in all species, though Pb and Zn were
above 1 in C.carpio.

Keywords

Heavy metal, Altınyazı Dam Lake, Cyprinidae, Percidae, Water, Sediment

ALTINYAZI BARAJ GÖLÜ’NDE (EDİRNE) YAŞAYAN BALIK TÜRLERİNDE AĞIR METAL BİRİKİMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Altınyazı Baraj Gölü’nde (Edirne) yaşayan Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Blicca bjoerkna, Perca fluviatilis, Sander lucioperca türlerinin farklı dokularında (solungaç, kas, karaciğer, böbrek), baraj gölü suyu ve sedimentindeki ağır metal birikimleri araştırılmıştır. Ağır metal (Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb) analizleri PERKIN ELMER AAnalyst 800 marka Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrofotometresi ile yapılmıştır. Baraj gölü suyunda Fe dışında ağır metal tespit edilememiştir. Sedimentte tüm metaller tespit edilmiştir. Su ve sedimentte ölçülen değerler kabul edilebilir limit değerlerin altında bulunmuştur. Balık dokularında ölçülen Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn değerleri kabul edilebilir limitlerde, Cd ve Pb değerleri kabul edilebilir limit değerlerin üzerinde bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Ağır Metal, Altınyazı Baraj Gölü, Cyprinidae, Percidae, Su, Sediment

References

• Akgün, M., Gül, A., Yılmaz, M., (2007). Sakarya Nehri Çeltikçe Çayı’nda Yaşayan Leuciscus cephalus L., 1758 Dokularında Ağır Metal Birikimi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 179- 189.
• Ardakani, S.S., Jafari, S. M., (2014). Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in Different Tissues of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Caught from Shirinsu Wetland, Western Iran. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 4(2), 47–54.
• Arslan, M., Karaytuğ, S., Cicik, B., (2006). Bakı- rın Clarias lazera (Valenciennes, 1840)’da Doku, Glikojen ve Serum Glukoz Düzeyi Üzerine Etkileri, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23, 23-27.
• Ay, Ö., Kalay, M., Tamer, L., Canlı, M., (1999). Copper and Lead Accumulation in Tissues of a Freshwater Fish Tilapia zilli and Its Effects on The Branchial Na, K-ATPase Activity. Bulletin of Environmental Con- tamination and Toxicology, 62, 160-168.
• Canlı, M., Atlı, G., (2003). The Relationships Between Heavy Metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) Levels and The Size of Six Mediterra- nean Fish Species. Environmental Pollu- tion, 121, 129–136.
• Canlı, M., Ay, Ö., Kalay, M., (1998). Levels of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni) in Tis- sue of Cyprinus carpio, Barbus capito and Chondrostomata regium from the Seyhan River. Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 22, 149-157.
• Chinnaraja, V., Santhanam, P., Balaji Prasath, B., Dinesh Kumar, S., Jothiraj K., (2011). An Investigation on Heavy Metals Accumula- tion in Water, Sediment and Small Marine Food Chain (Plankton and Fish) from Cor- omandel Coast, Southeast Coast of India. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences Inter- national Bimonthly, 11(8), 532-540.
• Cicik, B., Ay, Ö., Karayakar, F., (2004). Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)’da Bakırın Kas ve Karaciğer Dokularındaki Birikiminin Total Protein Derişimi Üzerine Etkileri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi. Eğridir Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 2(12), 26-31.
• Çiçek, A., Koparal, A.S., (2001). Porsuk Baraj Gölü’nde Yaşayan Cyprinus carpio (Lin- naeus, 1758) ve Barbus plebejus (Bona- parte, 1832)’de Kurşun, Krom ve Kadmiyum Seviyeleri, Ekoloji, 10(39), 3- 6. DSİ, (2015). Altınyazı Baraj Gölü. http://www2.dsi.gov.tr/baraj/detay.cfm?Ba rajID=36 (son erişim 02.08.2015).
• Dural, M., Göksu, M. Z. L., (2006). Çamlık Lagünü (Karataş/Adana), Seston, Bentoz ve Sedimentinde Mevsimsel Ağır Metal Değişimi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23(1), 65-69.
• EC (European Commission), (1998). Council Directive 98/83/. EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. L 330/32,5.12.98. EC (European Commission), (2005). Commission Regulation (EC) No 78/2005 of 19 January 2005 amending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 as regards heavy metals, L 16/43–45.
• El-Moselhy, Kh. M., Othman, A.I., Abd El- Azem, H., El-Metwally, M. E. A., (2014). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of fish in the Red Sea, Egypt. Egyp- tian Journal of Basic and Applied Scienc- es, 1, 97-105
• El-Naggar, A., Mahmoud, S., Tayel, S., (2009). Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals and Histopathological Alterations in Liver of Oreochromis Niloticus in Relation to Water Quality at Different Localities along the River Nile, Egypt, World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 1(2), 105-114.
• EPA, (1989). Assessing Human Health Risks from Chemically Contaminated Fish and Shellfish: A Guidance Manual. EPA- 503/8-89-002. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development, Washington. United States
• EPA, (2002). Risk Assessment: Technical back- information. ground http://www.epa.gov./reg3hwmd/risk (son erişim: 13.09.2015). RBG Table.
• EPA/600/4-90/027F., (1993). Methods for Meas- uring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Ma- rine Organisms (Fourth Edition, Edited by Cornelius I. Weber). United States Envi- ronment Agency.
• Fidan A. F., Ciğerci, İ.H., Konuk, M., Küçükkurt, İ., Aslan, R., Dündar. Y., (2008). Eber Gö- lü’nden Yakalanan Carassius carassius’da Bazı Ağır Metal Miktarlarının Tespiti ve Oksidatif Statünün Belirlenmesi. 23-27 Haziran 2008. 19. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongre- si.
• Göksu, M. Z. L., Çevik, F., Fındık, Ö., Sarıhan, E., (2003). Seyhan Baraj Gölü’ndeki Ay- nalı Sazan (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) ve Sudak (Stizostedion lucioperca L., 1758)’ larda Fe, Zn, Cd Düzeylerinin Belirlenme- si. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 20(1-2), 69-74.
• Hilmy, A.M., El Domiaty, N.A., Doobees, A.Y., H.A., Abdellatife, Physiological and Biochemical Indices of Zinc Toxicity in Two Freshwater Fishes, Clarias lazera and Tilapia zilli. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, 87(2), 297-301. (1987). Some
• Jayaprakash, M., Senthil Kumar, R., Giridharan, L., Sujitha, S.B., Sarkar, S.K., Jonathan, M.P., (2015). Bioaccumulation of metals in fish species from water and sediments in macrotidal Ennore creek, Chennai, SE coast of India: A metropolitan city effect, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 120, 243–255.
• Karadede, H., Ünlü, E., (2000). Concentrations of Some Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Fish Species from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates)-Turkey. Chemosphere, 41, 1371-1376.
• Karadede, H., Oymak, S. A. and Ünlü, E., (2004). Heavy metals in mullet, Liza abu, and catfish, Silurus triostegus, from the Ataturk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey. Environment International, 30, 183-188.
• Kayhan, F.E., Muşlu, M.N., Koç, N.D., (2009). Bazı Ağır Metallerin Sucul Organizmalar Üzerinde Yarattığı Stres ve Biyolojik Ya- nıtlar. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 3(2), 153-162.
• Kır, İ., Tekin-Özan, S., Tuncay, Y. (2007). Ko- vada Gölü’nün su ve sedimentindeki bazı ağır metallerin mevsimsel değişimi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi 24 (1-2), 155-158.
• Kır, İ., Tumantozlu, H., (2012). Karacaören-2 Baraj Gölü’ndeki Su, Sediment ve Sazan (Cyprinus carpio) Örneklerinde Bazı Ağır Metal Birikiminin İncelenmesi. Ekoloji 21(82), 65-70.
• Kırıcı, M., Taysı, M. R., Bengü, A.Ş., İspir, Ü., (2013). Murat Nehri’nde Yakalanan Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)’nin Kas Dokusunda Bazı Metallerin Birikim Kon- santrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Ege Üni- versitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 111-121.
• Köse, E., (2007). Enne Barajı’nda Yaşayan Ba- lıklarda Ağır Metal Birikiminin Araştırıl- ması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Kü- tahya
• Köse, E., Uysal, K., (2008). Cinsi Olgunluğa Erişmemiş Pullu Sazan (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758)’ların Kas, Deri ve Solungaçla- rındaki Ağır Metal Akümülasyon Oranla- rının Karşılaştırılması. Dumlupınar Üni- versitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17, 19-26.
• Küpeli, T., Altundağ, H., İmamoğlu, M., (2014). Assessment of Trace Element Levels in Muscle Tissues of Fish Species Collected from a River, Stream, Lake, and Sea in Sa- karya, Turkey, Scientific World Journal, volume 2014, 7 pages.
• Lenhardt, M., Jaric I., Visnjic -Jeftic, Z., Skoric, S., Gacic, Z., Pucar, M., Hegedis, A., (2013). Concentrations of 17 elements in muscle, gills, liver and gonads of five economically important fish species from the Danube River. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 407(02), .
• Lugowska, K., Jezierska, B., (2000). Effects of Copper and Lead on Common Carp Embryos and Larvae at Two Temperatures. Folia Univ. Agric. Stetin (Piscria), 26, 29- 38. Mackay, D.A., Fraser, Bioaccumulation of persistent organic A., (2000). chemicals: mechanisms and models, Environmental Pollution, 110(3), 375-391.
• Melgar, M.J., Perez, M., Garcia, M.A., Alonso, J., Miguez, B., (1997). The Toxic and Accumulative Effects of Short Term Exposure to Cadmium in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss). Veterinary Human Toxicology, 39(2), 79-83.
• Mendil, D., Uluözlü, Ö.D., (2007). Determination of Trace Metal Levels in Sediment and Five Fish Species from Lakes in Tokat, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 101, 739-745.
• Mol, S., Özden, Ö., Oymak, S. A., (2010). Trace Metal Contents in Fish Species from Ata- türk Dam Lake (Euphrates, Turkey). Turk- ish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci- ences, 10, 209-213.
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- ministration), (2009). SQUIRT, Screening Quick Reference Tables for in Sediment. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/book_ shelf/122_NEW-SQuiRTs.pdf. http://www.gesamp.org/data/gesamp/files/f ile_element/4a2a322c8acb2c26cc0234685 eac71fa/SQuiRTs.pdf online update (son erişim 07.08.2015)
• Osman, A. G. M., Kloas, W., (2010). Water Quality and Heavy Metal Monitoring in Water, Sediments, and Tissues of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt, Protection, 1, 389-400
• Selvi, K., Kaya, H., (2013). Çanakkale Atikhisar Barajı’ndan Yakalanan Turna Balığı (Esox lucius L, 1758) Dokularında Bazı Metalle- rin Belirlenmesi, Alınteri, 25(B), 23-28.
• Öztürk, M., Bat, L., (1995). Altınkaya Barajı’nda (Samsun) Yaşayan Cyprinus carpio (L., 1758) Türünün Çeşitli Organ ve Dokula- rındaki Bazı Ağır Metallerin Birikimi. 2. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi
• Öztürk, M., Özözen, G., Minareci, O., Minareci, E., (2009). Determination of Heavy Met- als in Fish, Water and Sediments of Avsar Dam Lake in Turkey. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science Engineer- ing, 6(2), 73-80.
• Raeisi, S., Sharifi Rad, J., Sharifi Rad, M., Zakariaei, H., (2014). Analysis of heavy metals content in water, sediments and fish from the Gorgan bay, southeastern Caspian Sea, Iran. International Journal of Ad- vanced Biological and Biomedical Re- search, 2(6), 2162-2172.
• Rajkowska, M., Protasowicki, M., (2013). Distri- bution of metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) in fish tissues in two lakes of different trophy in Northwestern Poland. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185, 3493– 3502. DOI 10.1007/s10661-012-2805-8
• Sağlam, N., Cihangir, N., (1995). Ağır Metallerin Biyolojik Süreçlerle Biyosorbsiyonu Ça- lışmaları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 157-161.
• Tekin-Özan, S., Kır, İ., (2008). Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metals in the Some Organs of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) From Environmental Assessment, 138, 201-206. (Turkey). and
• TGK, Türk Gıda Kodeksi, (2002). Resmi Gazete, 23 Eylül 2002, No. 24885.
• Tkatcheva, V., Holpainen, I.J., Hyvarinen, H., (2000). Heavy metals in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from the Kostomuksha region (North-western Karelia, Russia), Boroel Environment Research, 5, 209-220.
• TSE–266., (2005). İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. Türk Standartları, Ankara.
• Tuncay, Y., (2007). Kovada Gölü’nde Yaşayan Istakozlarda Eschscholtz, 1823) Ağır Metal Birikiminin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süley- man Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Entitüsü, Isparta. leptodactylus,
• UNEP (United Nations Environment Pro- gramme), (1984). Determination of Total Cadmium, Zinc, Lead and Copper in Se- lected Marine Organisms by Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies, No:11, Rev.1.
• Uslu, H., (2007). Kars Çayı’nda Avlanan Siraz (Capoeta capoeta capoeta, Guldenstaedt, 1772) Balıklarında ve Ortam Sedimentinde Bazı Ağır Metallerin Derişim Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kars.
• Uysal, K., Köse, E., Bülbül, M., Dönmez, M., Erdogan, Y. Koyun, M., Ömeroğlu, Ç., Özmal, F., (2009). The comparison of heavy metal accumulation ratios of some fish species in Enne Dame Lake (Kütahya/Turkey). Environmental Moni- toring and Assessment, 157, 355–362.
• Velcheva, I. G., (2006). Zinc Content in the Organs and Tissues of Freshwater Fish from the Kardjali and Studen Kladenets Dam Lakes in Bulgaria, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30, 1-7.
• WHO (World Health Organization), (1989). Evaluation of certain food additives and the contaminants mercury, lead and cadmium. World Health Organization (WHO) Techical Report Series No:505, Geneva.
• WHO (World Health Organization), (1993). Guidelines for drinking water quality. Recommendations, vol. 1, 2. Ed. Geneva.