YÜZEYSEL SULARDA AĞIR METALLERİN ETKİLERİ VE ÖTROFİKASYON İLE İLİŞKİSİ

Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 4, 214 - 230, 28.10.2017

Emine Metin Dereli , Ali Ertürk , Mehmet Çakmakçı

https://doi.org/10.18864/TJAS201720

Abstract

Ağır metaller sucul ekosistemlere doğal
kaynakların yanısıra artan antropojenik baskılar (kentsel ve endüstriyel baskılar,
yayılı kaynaklı baskılar, jeotermal kaynaklı baskılar) ile ulaşmaktadır.
Çalışmada, sucul canlılarda kanserojenik, birikimcilik ve toksik etki yapan ağır
metallerin göllerde doğal bir süreç olan ötrofikasyon ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir.
Ağır metallerin sucul ortamlardaki taşınım, çözünme,
çökelme, kompleks oluşumu, adsorpsiyon ve biyoakümülasyon mekanizmaları oldukça
karmaşık süreçler olup, suyun fizikokimyasal özelliklerinden etkilenmektedir. Buna
göre ağır metal kirliliğine bağlı olarak sucul
canlılarda tür sayısının azaldığı, bazı türlerin ortamdan kaybolduğu ya da ağır
metallere toleransı yüksek olan türlerin ortamda baskın olduğu
görülebilmektedir. Özellikle sucul canlıların karaciğer solungaç gibi
dokularında birikmekte ve besin zincirine girişim yapabilmektedir. Ayrıca
sedimanda depolanan metaller, sedimanda gerçekleşen oksidasyon ve redüksiyon
reaksiyonlarından doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkilenmektedirler. Sonuç
olarak, doğal bir süreç olan ötrofikasyon prosesi sucul ortamların birçok
fizikokimyasal özelliğini etkilemektedir.

Keywords

Ağır metal, ötrofikasyon, biyoakümülasyon, sediman, toksisite, su kimyası

THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE WATER AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH EUTROPHICATION

Abstract

Heavy
metals reach the aquatic ecosystems with natural sources as well as increasing
anthropogenic pressures (urban and industrial pressures, diffuse sources,
geothermal-driven pressures). In the study, the relationship between heavy
metals which are carcinogenic, accumulating and toxic in aquatic life and
eutrophication which is a natural process in lakes is investigated. The
transport, dissolution, precipitation, complex formation, adsorption and
bioaccumulation mechanisms of heavy metals in aquatic environments are highly
complex processes and are influenced by the physicochemical properties of the
water. According to this, it can be seen that due to the heavy metal pollution,
the number of species decreases in aquatic organisms, some species disappear
from the environment or the species with high tolerance to heavy metals are
predominant in the environment. In particular, heavy metals can accumulate in
the liver gill-like tissues of aquatic organisms and can interfere with the
food chain. In addition, the metals stored in the sediments are directly or
indirectly affected by the oxidation and reduction reactions occurring in the
sediments. As a result, the eutrophication process, a natural process, affects
many physicochemical properties of aquatic environments.

Keywords

Heavy metal, eutrofication, bioaccumulation, sediment, toxicity, water chemistry

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