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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY

Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 4, 208 - 213, 28.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.18864/TJAS201719

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding frequencies on the growth of koi carp. Juvenile (weight: 0.015 ±0.001 g) koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) were fed two, three, and five times per day with a ration comprising “granule fish feed” equivalent to 18% of their body weight during the entire experimental period of 60 days.

At the end of the experiment, the mean weight and the mean weight gain were 0.474 ±0.060, 0.494 ±0.090, 0.579 ±0.050 g; 0.459 ±0.055, 0.479±0.089, 0.564 ±0.046 g for the fish fed two, three, and five times per day, respectively. Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate were found to be 2.43 ±0.070, 2.89 ±0.340, 2.55 ±0.070, 5.73 ±0.190, 5.77 ±0.300, 6.04 ±0.090, 0.89 ±0.02, 0.75 ±0.09; 0.81 ±0.02; 70 ±11.5, 70 ±5.77, and 66.66 ±3.33; respectively. No significant differences were observed among the fish groups fed with different frequencies in terms of weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate (p>0.05).

References

  • Akyıldız, A.R. (1992). Balık Yemleri ve Teknolojisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ders Kitabı, Ankara, 192 s.
  • Al-Noor, S.S., Jasim, B.M. & Najim, S.M. (2014). Feeding and Growth Efficiency of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.Fry Feed Fish Biosilage as A Partial Alternative for Fish Meal. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture&Healty Sciences, 3(2), 81-85.
  • Alpbaz, A. (2005). Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği, Alp Yayınları, İzmir, 548 s.
  • Altaff, K. & Janakiraman, A. (2013). Impact of Different Feeds on Cannibalism in Early Larval Stages of Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 1(4), 35-39.
  • Azab, A.M., Khalaf-Allah, H.M.M & Maher H (2016). Effect of Some Food Additives on Growth Performance of Koi Fish, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758). International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IJESE), 7, 73-83.
  • Bilgüven, M. (2002). Yemler Bilgisi, Yem Yeknolojisi ve Balık Besleme, Akademisyen Yayınevi, Rize, 446 s.
  • Carlos, M.H. (1988). Growth and Survival of Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) Fry Fed at Different Intake Levels and Feeding Frequencies, Aquaculture, 68, 267-276
  • Choudhury B B P, Das D R, Ibrahim Md & Chakraborty, S C (2002). Relation Between Feeding Frequency and Growth of One Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Ham.) Fingerlings Fed on Different Formlated Diets, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(10): 1120-1122
  • Daudpota, A.M., Abbas, G., Kalhoro, I.B., Shah, S.J.A., Kalhoro, H., Hafeez-ur-Rehman, M., Ghaffar, A. (2016). Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance, feed Utilization and Body Composition of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) Reared in Low Salinity Water. Pakistan J. Zool., 48(19), 171-177.
  • Düzgüneş, O., Kesici,T. & Gürbüz, F. (1993). İstatistik Metodları, II. Baskı, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 1291, Ankara, Ders Kitabı: 369.
  • Eyo, V.O. & Ekarem, A. (2011). Effect of Feedinf Frequency on Growth, Food Utilization and Survival of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Using Locally Formulated Diet. Afr. J. Environ. Pollut. Health, 9(2), 11-16.
  • Gümüş, E. & Aydın, B. (2013). Effect of Poultry By-Product Meal on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fry. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 13, 827-834. Doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v13_5_06.
  • Gökçek, C.K., Mazlum, Y. & Akyurt, İ. (2008). Effect of Feeding Frequency on The Growth and Survival of Himri Barbel Barbus luteus (Heckel, 1843), Fry under Laboratory Conditions. Pakistan journal of Nutrition, 78(1), 66-69.
  • Harpaz, S., Slosman, T. & Segev, R. (2005). Effects of feeding guppy fish fry (Poecilia reticulata) diets inthe form of powder versus flakes, Aquaculture Research, 36, 996-1000.
  • Hekimoğlu, M.A., Suzer, C., Saka, Ş. & Fırat, K. (2014). Enzymatic Characteristics and Growth Parameters of Ornamental Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio var Koi) Larvae Fed by Artemia nauplii and Cysts. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14, 125-133. Doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_14.
  • Janakiraman, A. & Altaff, K. (2014). Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Larval Rearing with Different Zooplanktone Life Feeds to Evaluate Their Suitability and Growth Performance. International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4(4),181-185.
  • Jha, P., Sarkar, K. & Barat, S. (2004). Effect of Different Application Rates of Cowdung and Poultry Excreta on Water Quality and Growth of Ornamental Carp, Cyprinus carpio vr. Koi, in Concrete Tanks. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 4, 17-22.
  • Kestemont, P., Jourdan, S., Houbart, M., Melard, C., Paspatis, M., Fontaine, P., Cuveir, A., Kentouri, M. & Baras, E. (2003). Size heterogeneity, cannibalism and competition in cultured predatory fish larvae: biotic and abiyotic infleuences, Aquaculture, 227, 333-356.
  • Khani, M., Soltani, M., Shamsaie Mehrjan, M., Foroudi, F. & Ghaeni, M. (2017). The Effects of Chlorella vulgaris Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Characteristics, and Digestive Enzimes in Koi (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 16(2), 832-843.
  • Öz, M., Şahin, D., Karslı, Z., Öz, Ü. & Aral, O. (2016). Koi Balığının (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) İlk Dönem Yetiştiriciliğinde Bazı Morfometrik Ölçümler, Büyüme Farklılığı ve Kanibalizm. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 12, 92-100.
  • Roshanthini, R., Vanmathi, S. & Yuvaraj, D. (2016). Fortified feed for fresh water fish culture: A pilot study. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(5), 433-437.
  • Sultana, S.M., Das, M. & Chacraborti, S.C. (2001). Effect of Feeding Frequency on The Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Fry. Bangladesh J.Fish Res, 5(2),149-154.
  • Van Damme, P., Appelbaum, S. & Hecht, T. (1989). Sibling Cannibalism in Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., larvae and juveniles reared under controlled conditions, Journal Fish Biology, 34, 855-863.
  • Vasudhevan, I., Asokan, K., Priya, S., Rakitha, K., Roja, V. & Santhi, R. (2014). Effect of pH on Growth and Feeding in Koi Carp, Cyprinus carpio carpio var. Koi. International Journal of Research in Biological Sciences, 4(1), 31-34.
  • Weerasingha, R., Soorasena, W.G.C.U. & Athukorala, D.A. (2017). Utilization of Minor Cyprinids (Dawkinsia singhala and Puntius Chola) from Reservoirs as Protein Sources for Feeds of Juvenile Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Sri Lanka J. Aquat. Sci., 22(1),39-44.
  • Yeşilayer, N., Oz, M., Karsli, Z., Aral, A., Karacuha, A. & Oz, U. (2011). Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.,1758). Fed Partial or Total Replacement of Fish Meal with Hazelnut Meal and Soybean Meal. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(15), 1956-1961.
  • Zakes, Z., Kowalska, A., Czerniak, S. & Zakes, K.D. (2006). Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth and Size Variation in Juvenile Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.). Czech J. Anim.Sci., 51(2), 85-91.
  • Zaki, M.A., Nour, A.M., Omar, E. & El-Din, A.E.T (1994). The Use of Seaweed Meal in Feeding Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). AJAS, 7(2), 183-189
  • Zar, J.H. (1984). Biostatistical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern IIIliois University, 718 pp.
  • Zhou, Z., Cui, Y., Xie, S., Zhu, X., Lei, W., Xue, M. & Yang Y.( 2003). Effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization and size variation of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Journal Application of Ichthyology, 19, 244-249.

KOI (CYPRINUS CARPIO) YAVRULARINDA FARKLI YEMLEME SIKLIĞININ BÜYÜMEYE OLAN ETKİSİ

Year 2017, Volume: 32 Issue: 4, 208 - 213, 28.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.18864/TJAS201719

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, farklı yemleme sıklığının (günde 2, 3, 5 defa) koi (Cyprinus carpio Linneaus, 1758) yavrularının büyümesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ortalama canlı ağırlıkları 0,015±0,001 g olan balıklar kullanılmıştır. 60 gün boyunca ticari akvaryum balık yemi ile canlı ağırlıklarının %18 oranında beslenmişlerdir.

Deneme sonunda ortalama canlı ağırlıklar ve ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı değerleri sırasıyla günde 2, 3 ve 5 defa yemlenen gruplar için 0,474±0,060 g, 0,494±0,090 g ve 0,579±0,050 g ve 0,459±0,055 g, 0,479±0,089 g, 0,564±0,046 g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yem değer-lendirme oranları sırasıyla 2,43±0,070, 2,89±0,340, 2,55±0,070, spe-sifik büyüme oranları sırasıyla 5,73±0,190, 5,77±0,300, 6,04±0,090; protein etkinlik oranları sırasıyla 0,89±0,02, 0,75±0,09, 0,81±0,02 ve yaşama oranları ise sırasıyla 70±11,5, 70±5,77, 66,66±3,33 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda; ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı, yem değerlendirme oranları, spesifik büyüme oranları, protein etkinlik oranları ve yaşama oranları açısından gruplar arasında-ki farkın önemsiz olduğu saptanmıştır (p>0,05). 

Deneme verileri arasında istatistiksel bir fark olmamasına rağmen, büyüme değerleri (ortalama ağırlık kazancı ve spesifik büyüme oranı) yemleme sıklığı arttıkça artmıştır. En yüksek büyüme değerleri günde 5 defa yemlenen grupta elde edilirken, yem değerlendirme ve protein etkinlik oranlarının en ideal değerleri günde iki defa yemlenen grupta belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yaşama oranı da en iyi değeri günde 2 ve 3 defa yemlenen grupta gösterirken en düşük değer günde 5 defa yemlenen grupta belirlenmiştir. Bundan dolayı günde iki defa yemleme yapılmasının yetiştiriciliğin ekonomikliği bakımından önerilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Akyıldız, A.R. (1992). Balık Yemleri ve Teknolojisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ders Kitabı, Ankara, 192 s.
  • Al-Noor, S.S., Jasim, B.M. & Najim, S.M. (2014). Feeding and Growth Efficiency of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.Fry Feed Fish Biosilage as A Partial Alternative for Fish Meal. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture&Healty Sciences, 3(2), 81-85.
  • Alpbaz, A. (2005). Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği, Alp Yayınları, İzmir, 548 s.
  • Altaff, K. & Janakiraman, A. (2013). Impact of Different Feeds on Cannibalism in Early Larval Stages of Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 1(4), 35-39.
  • Azab, A.M., Khalaf-Allah, H.M.M & Maher H (2016). Effect of Some Food Additives on Growth Performance of Koi Fish, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758). International Journal of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IJESE), 7, 73-83.
  • Bilgüven, M. (2002). Yemler Bilgisi, Yem Yeknolojisi ve Balık Besleme, Akademisyen Yayınevi, Rize, 446 s.
  • Carlos, M.H. (1988). Growth and Survival of Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) Fry Fed at Different Intake Levels and Feeding Frequencies, Aquaculture, 68, 267-276
  • Choudhury B B P, Das D R, Ibrahim Md & Chakraborty, S C (2002). Relation Between Feeding Frequency and Growth of One Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Ham.) Fingerlings Fed on Different Formlated Diets, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(10): 1120-1122
  • Daudpota, A.M., Abbas, G., Kalhoro, I.B., Shah, S.J.A., Kalhoro, H., Hafeez-ur-Rehman, M., Ghaffar, A. (2016). Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance, feed Utilization and Body Composition of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) Reared in Low Salinity Water. Pakistan J. Zool., 48(19), 171-177.
  • Düzgüneş, O., Kesici,T. & Gürbüz, F. (1993). İstatistik Metodları, II. Baskı, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 1291, Ankara, Ders Kitabı: 369.
  • Eyo, V.O. & Ekarem, A. (2011). Effect of Feedinf Frequency on Growth, Food Utilization and Survival of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Using Locally Formulated Diet. Afr. J. Environ. Pollut. Health, 9(2), 11-16.
  • Gümüş, E. & Aydın, B. (2013). Effect of Poultry By-Product Meal on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fry. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 13, 827-834. Doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v13_5_06.
  • Gökçek, C.K., Mazlum, Y. & Akyurt, İ. (2008). Effect of Feeding Frequency on The Growth and Survival of Himri Barbel Barbus luteus (Heckel, 1843), Fry under Laboratory Conditions. Pakistan journal of Nutrition, 78(1), 66-69.
  • Harpaz, S., Slosman, T. & Segev, R. (2005). Effects of feeding guppy fish fry (Poecilia reticulata) diets inthe form of powder versus flakes, Aquaculture Research, 36, 996-1000.
  • Hekimoğlu, M.A., Suzer, C., Saka, Ş. & Fırat, K. (2014). Enzymatic Characteristics and Growth Parameters of Ornamental Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio var Koi) Larvae Fed by Artemia nauplii and Cysts. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14, 125-133. Doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_14.
  • Janakiraman, A. & Altaff, K. (2014). Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Larval Rearing with Different Zooplanktone Life Feeds to Evaluate Their Suitability and Growth Performance. International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4(4),181-185.
  • Jha, P., Sarkar, K. & Barat, S. (2004). Effect of Different Application Rates of Cowdung and Poultry Excreta on Water Quality and Growth of Ornamental Carp, Cyprinus carpio vr. Koi, in Concrete Tanks. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 4, 17-22.
  • Kestemont, P., Jourdan, S., Houbart, M., Melard, C., Paspatis, M., Fontaine, P., Cuveir, A., Kentouri, M. & Baras, E. (2003). Size heterogeneity, cannibalism and competition in cultured predatory fish larvae: biotic and abiyotic infleuences, Aquaculture, 227, 333-356.
  • Khani, M., Soltani, M., Shamsaie Mehrjan, M., Foroudi, F. & Ghaeni, M. (2017). The Effects of Chlorella vulgaris Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Characteristics, and Digestive Enzimes in Koi (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 16(2), 832-843.
  • Öz, M., Şahin, D., Karslı, Z., Öz, Ü. & Aral, O. (2016). Koi Balığının (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) İlk Dönem Yetiştiriciliğinde Bazı Morfometrik Ölçümler, Büyüme Farklılığı ve Kanibalizm. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 12, 92-100.
  • Roshanthini, R., Vanmathi, S. & Yuvaraj, D. (2016). Fortified feed for fresh water fish culture: A pilot study. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(5), 433-437.
  • Sultana, S.M., Das, M. & Chacraborti, S.C. (2001). Effect of Feeding Frequency on The Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Fry. Bangladesh J.Fish Res, 5(2),149-154.
  • Van Damme, P., Appelbaum, S. & Hecht, T. (1989). Sibling Cannibalism in Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., larvae and juveniles reared under controlled conditions, Journal Fish Biology, 34, 855-863.
  • Vasudhevan, I., Asokan, K., Priya, S., Rakitha, K., Roja, V. & Santhi, R. (2014). Effect of pH on Growth and Feeding in Koi Carp, Cyprinus carpio carpio var. Koi. International Journal of Research in Biological Sciences, 4(1), 31-34.
  • Weerasingha, R., Soorasena, W.G.C.U. & Athukorala, D.A. (2017). Utilization of Minor Cyprinids (Dawkinsia singhala and Puntius Chola) from Reservoirs as Protein Sources for Feeds of Juvenile Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Sri Lanka J. Aquat. Sci., 22(1),39-44.
  • Yeşilayer, N., Oz, M., Karsli, Z., Aral, A., Karacuha, A. & Oz, U. (2011). Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.,1758). Fed Partial or Total Replacement of Fish Meal with Hazelnut Meal and Soybean Meal. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(15), 1956-1961.
  • Zakes, Z., Kowalska, A., Czerniak, S. & Zakes, K.D. (2006). Effect of Feeding Frequency on Growth and Size Variation in Juvenile Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.). Czech J. Anim.Sci., 51(2), 85-91.
  • Zaki, M.A., Nour, A.M., Omar, E. & El-Din, A.E.T (1994). The Use of Seaweed Meal in Feeding Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). AJAS, 7(2), 183-189
  • Zar, J.H. (1984). Biostatistical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern IIIliois University, 718 pp.
  • Zhou, Z., Cui, Y., Xie, S., Zhu, X., Lei, W., Xue, M. & Yang Y.( 2003). Effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization and size variation of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Journal Application of Ichthyology, 19, 244-249.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meryem Öz 0000-0002-7803-8207

Orhan Aral 0000-0001-8550-9970

Dilek Şahin 0000-0003-4454-9030

Hatice Erik This is me 0000-0001-8028-8726

Publication Date October 28, 2017
Submission Date June 12, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 32 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Öz, M., Aral, O., Şahin, D., Erik, H. (2017). EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 32(4), 208-213. https://doi.org/10.18864/TJAS201719
AMA Öz M, Aral O, Şahin D, Erik H. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY. Aqua Sci Eng. October 2017;32(4):208-213. doi:10.18864/TJAS201719
Chicago Öz, Meryem, Orhan Aral, Dilek Şahin, and Hatice Erik. “EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 32, no. 4 (October 2017): 208-13. https://doi.org/10.18864/TJAS201719.
EndNote Öz M, Aral O, Şahin D, Erik H (October 1, 2017) EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 32 4 208–213.
IEEE M. Öz, O. Aral, D. Şahin, and H. Erik, “EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY”, Aqua Sci Eng, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 208–213, 2017, doi: 10.18864/TJAS201719.
ISNAD Öz, Meryem et al. “EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 32/4 (October 2017), 208-213. https://doi.org/10.18864/TJAS201719.
JAMA Öz M, Aral O, Şahin D, Erik H. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY. Aqua Sci Eng. 2017;32:208–213.
MLA Öz, Meryem et al. “EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 32, no. 4, 2017, pp. 208-13, doi:10.18864/TJAS201719.
Vancouver Öz M, Aral O, Şahin D, Erik H. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE GROWTH OF KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) FRY. Aqua Sci Eng. 2017;32(4):208-13.

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