Sturgeon Aquaculture Potentiality in Egypt in View of the Global Development of Aquaculture and Fisheries Conservation Techniques: An Overview and Outlook

Year 2023, Volume: 38 Issue: 4, 222 - 231, 09.10.2023

Ashraf I. G. Elhetawy , Lydia M. Vasilyeva Nataliia Sudakova , Mohamed M. Abdel-rahim

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20231277641

Abstract

Sturgeon conservation is a global issue, with wild sturgeon amounts dropping rapidly and continuously. This article explores the essential role that aquaculture plays in the conservation of these critically endangered fish, the replenishing of the natural population, fulfilling the expanding demand and possibilities for caviar markets, and reducing pressure on fisheries’ catch. It also reviews the history of controlled breeding programs designed to supplement wild Caspian Sea populations, the possibilities for sturgeon aquaculture production, and the worldwide caviar trade industry in the coming years. Globally, the successful and profitable expansion of captive sturgeon farming over the last three decades has fulfilled the consumer market's demand for caviar and meat, resulting in a considerable decline in the global caviar price. Given the presence of successful sturgeon farming inthe Arabian Gulf region (Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates), the prospect of introducing the sturgeon farming industry in Egypt is underlined. In comparison to other nations in the region, Egypt has excellent prospects for establishing such an aquaculture business, as Egypt's aquaculture sector is by far the largest in Africa and the sixth largest internationally. Furthermore, the availability of qualified workers, the diversity of water sources, and Egypt's moderate climate and environment increasethe likelihood of successful sturgeon farming.

Keywords

Sturgeon, aquaculture techniques, fishery conservation, replenishment, caviar, Egypt

Supporting Institution

No

Project Number

NO

Thanks

Thanks to our Russian friends for providing us with the necessary Russian references

References

• Abd-Elaty, I., Abd-Elhamid, H.F. & Negm, A.M. (2018). Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers. Groundwater in the Nile Delta; 329-353. google scholar
• Abd El-Fattah, E.G. (2014). Evaluation of the environmental and chemical impacts of banana plantation on the groundwater aquifer in the southern part of the Nile Delta and its vicinities. PhD thesis, Submitted to Environmental Studies and Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City. google scholar
• Abdel-Rahim, M.M., Elhetawy, A.I., Refaey, W.M., Lotfy, A.M., El-Zaeem, S.Y., Elebiary, E.H. and El-Dahhar, A.A., 2023. Potential benefits of natural bentonite as a water clarifier on ammonia removal, performance, immunity, antioxidant, and histology of Dicentrarchus labrax. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 49 (2023) 253-260 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2023.04.002. google scholar
• Abo EL-Fadl, M.M., Wassel, M.A., Sayed, A.Z.& Mahmod, A.M. (2015). Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. Part I. Significance of the Situation Groundwater Resources and Future Outlook. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) Volume 4 Issue 10, 2319-7064. google scholar
• Akbulut, B., Zengin, M., Çiftçi, Y., Ustaoğlu Tiril, S., Memiş, D., Alkan, A., Çakmak, E., Kurtoğlu, İ.Z., Aydin, I., Üstündağ, E. & Eroğlu, O. (2011). Stimulating sturgeon conservation and rehabilitation measures in Turkey: an overview on major projects (2006-2009). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2), pp.415-419. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01736.x google scholar
• Aquaculture Russia. (2023). Official site of aquaculture in Russia. Aquaculture objects, Fish and fish-shaped, Sturgeons. Retrieved from the official website of aquaculture Russia http://aquacultura. org/objects/21/190/ (In Russian). google scholar
• Billard, R., & Lecointre, G. (2000). Biology and conservation of sturgeon and paddlefish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10, pp.355-392. google scholar
• Bogeruk, A.K. (2008). Breeds and domesticated forms of sturgeon fish (Acipenseridae). Monograph, 150 pp. Moscow, Russia. (In Russian). google scholar
• Breve, N.W., Leuven, R.S., Bujse, A.D., Murk, A.J., Venema, J. & Nagelkerke, L.A. (2022). The conservation paradox of critically endangered fish species: Trading alien sturgeons versus native sturgeon reintroduction in the Rhine-Meuse river delta. Science of the Total Environment, 848,157641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2022.157641 google scholar
• Bronzi, P., Rosenthal, H. & Gessner J. (2011). Global sturgeon aquaculture production: an overview. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27, 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01757.x google scholar
• Bronzi, P. & Rosenthal H. (2014). Present and future sturgeon and caviar production and marketing: A global market overview. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 30, 1536-1546. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12628 google scholar
• Bronzi, P., Chebanov, M., Michaels, J. T., Wei, Q., Rosenthal, H. & Gessner, J. (2019). Sturgeon meat and caviar production: Global update 2017. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 35(1), pp.257-266. https://doi. org/10.1111/jai.13870 google scholar
• Chandra, G. & Fopp-Bayat, D. (2021). Trends in aquaculture and conservation of sturgeons: A review of molecular and cytogenetic tools. Reviews in Aquaculture, 13(1), pp.119-137. https://doi. org/10.1111/raq.12466 google scholar
• Climate-Data.Org. (2023). Climate Siwa Oasis, data and graphs for weather & climate in Siwa Oasis. Retrieved from https://en.climate-data.org/africa/egypt/matrouh-governorate/siwa-oasis-32202/ google scholar
• Elhetawy, A. I. G., Sudakova, N., Anokhina, A., Vasilieva, L. (2018). Specific features of breeding Russian sturgeon fingerlings with weight 0.3 - 30 g in pools with recirculating aquaculture system. Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry. 2018. no. 3. pp. 8995. (In Russian with abstract in English) DOI: “https://doi. org/10.24143/2073-5529-2018-3-89-95 google scholar
• Elhetawy, A. I.G., Vasilyeva, L. M., Lotfy, A. M., Emelianova, N., Abdel-Rahim M. M., Helal, A. M. & Sudakova N.V. (2020). Effects of the rearing system of the Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) on growth, maturity, and the quality of produced caviar. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 13(6), pp.3798-3809. google scholar
• EUMOFA, (2018). The caviar market, production, trade and consumption in and outside the EU. Federation of European Aquaculture Producers, 2018, 29 pp. https://Doi:10.2771/235877. google scholar
• EUMOFA, (2021). Production, Trade, and Consumption in and outside the EU. An Update of the 2018-Report, 42pp. DOI 10.2771/00938 google scholar
• FAO. (2014). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture, opportunities and challenges, 243pp. Rome, Italy. google scholar
• FAO. (2015). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Fisheries and Aquaculture, Technical Paper, pp. 57-110. Rome, Italy. google scholar
• FAO. (2019). FAO Yearbook: Fishery and aquaculture statistics, 110pp. Rome, Italy. https://www.fao.org/3/cb7874t/cb7874t.pdf google scholar
• FAO. (2022). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global Fish Processed Products Production 1976-2020 (FishStatJ). In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division [online]. Rome. Updated 2022. www.fao.org/ fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en. google scholar
• FAO. (2023). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Global aquaculture production 1950-2021 (FishStatJ). In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Division [online]. Rome. Updated 2023. www.fao.org/fishery/ statistics/software/fishstatj/en google scholar
• GAFRD. (2016). General authority for fish resources development, Report on fish production, Cairo, Egypt, 110 pp. google scholar
• GAFRD. (2020). General authority for fish resources development. Report on fish production, Cairo, Egypt, 102 pp. google scholar
• GAIN Report (2014). Fish and Seafood Production and Trade Update, 13pp. Retrived from the Global agricultural information web https:// int.search.myway.com/search/GGmain.jhtml?n=78392860&p2=%5E Y6%5Exdm275%5ES17547%5Eru&pg=GGmain&pn=1&ptb=B3C9D 64D-055D-47FE-ABAAD5E86733D4BE&qs=&searchfor=GAIN+Rep ort+Number%3ARS1419.+Date+3%2F18%2F2014&si=CIjL__ dSa0J_Q&ss=sub&st=tab&tpr=hst&trs=wtt&ots=1537104066545. (Accessed 18.3.14) google scholar
• GAIN Report. (2016). The State and Development of Aquaculture in Egypt, 14 pp. Retrieved fromhttps://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20 GAIN%20Publications/The%20State%20and%20Development%20 of%20Aquaculture%20in%20Egypt%20_Cairo_Egypt_11-6-2016.pdf. (Accessed 11. 6. 16). google scholar
• Geletu, T.T. & Zhao, J. (2022). Genetic resources of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in its native range and aquaculture. Hydrobiologia, pp.1-21. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-04989-4 google scholar
• Gesner J, Freyhof J, Kottelat M. 2010. “Acipenser ruthenus”. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T227A13039007. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier” \o “Digital object identifier https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T227A13039007.en (accessed 8. 7. 2021). google scholar
• Global Caviar Market (2022). Global Caviar Market - Forecasts from 2022 to 2027. ID: 5681998, 138 pp. Retrieved from https://www. researchandmarkets.com/reports/5681998/global-caviar-market-forecasts-from-2022-to-2027. google scholar
• Harris, L. & Shiraishi, H. (2018). Understanding the global caviar market. Result of a rapid assessment of trade in sturgeon caviar. TRAFFIC and WWF joint report, 94pp. google scholar
• Kaleem, O., & Sabi, A.F.B.S. (2020). Overview of aquaculture systems in Egypt and Nigeria, prospects, potentials, and constraints. Aquaculture and Fisheries. doi:10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.017. google scholar
• Kokoza, A.A. (2002). Status of controlled propagation of sturgeons in the Volga-Caspian region and measures to intensify it. Abstract of PhD thesis in biological sciences, 37pp. Moscow, Russia. (In Russian). google scholar
• Lotfy A. M. A., Elhetawy A. I. G., Habiba M. M., Abdel-Rahim M. M., 2021 A comparative study on the effects of seawater and underground saltwater on water quality, growth, feed utilization, fish biomass, digestive system development, and blood health in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. AACL Bioflux 14(3):1609-1621. google scholar
• Market Research Future. (2023). Caviar Market Research Report Information by Type (Sevruga, Osetra, Beluga, and Others),Distribution Channel (Hotels and Restaurants, Airliners and Cruise Ships, Retail Stores, and Others), And by Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, And Rest of The World) - Market Forecast Till 2030. Retrieved from https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/ reports/caviar-market-2707. google scholar
• Milstein, V.V. (1982). Sturgeon breeding. Light and food industry,152pp. Moscow, Russia. (In Russian). google scholar
• Negm, A.M. (2019). Groundwater in the Nile Delta (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 73) 1st ed. 2019 Edition, Kindle Edition. 750 pp. google scholar
• Negm, A.M., Sakr, S., Abd-Elaty, I. & Abd-Elhamid, H.F. (2019). An overview of groundwater resources in Nile Delta aquifer. Groundwater in the Nile Delta, pp.3-44. google scholar
• Rosrybolovstvo activities and tasks. (2009-2021). Results of Rosrybolovstvo activities and tasks. Materials for the college meeting in years (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017,2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). Retrieved from https://fish.gov.ru/about/kollegiya-rosrybolovstva/ . (In Russian). google scholar
• Ruban, G.I. (2005). The Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii Brandt: species structure and ecology. World Sturgeon Conservation Society, Special Publication No. 1. 203pp. DOI / 3-8334-4038-4. google scholar
• Shahin, S. A., Mansour, A. T., Abdel-Rahim, M. M., El-Dahhar, A. A., El Basuini, M. F. & Elhetawy, A. I. G. (2023). Silymarin, Silybum marianum, Supplemented Weaning Diet Boosted Survival, Growth, Antioxidant Status, and Fatty Acids Profile of Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Annals of Animal Science, 23(1), 253-264. https://doi.org/10.2478/ aoas-2022-0068. google scholar
• Shen, L., Shi, Y., Zou, Y.C., Zhou, X. H. & Wei, Q.W. (2014). Sturgeon Aquaculture in China: status, challenge and proposals based on nation-wide surveys of 2010-2012. J. Appl. Ichthyol.30, 1547-1551. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12618 google scholar
• Sicuro, B. (2018). The future of caviar production on the light of social changes: a new dawn for caviar. Reviews in Aquaculture (2018) 0, 1-16. Doi: 10.1111/raq.12235. google scholar
• Tiril, S.U. and Memiş, D. (2018). An overview of the factors affecting the migration of sturgeons in Yeşilırmak. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 33(4), pp.138-144. DOI: 10.26650/ASE20180002. google scholar
• Vasilyeva, L.M., Kitanov, A.A., Petrushina, T.N., Tyapugin, V.V., Shcherbatova T.G. & Yakovleva, A.P. (2010). Biotechnological standards for commodity sturgeon breeding. PhD Thesis - Astrakhan: Publishing House Astrakhan State University, 80 pp. (In Russian). google scholar
• Vasilyeva, L.M., Naumov, V.V. & Sudakova N.V. (2015). Features of the current state of controlled propagation of sturgeons in the Volga-Caspian basin. Natural Sciences journal 4, 90-95. (In Russian). google scholar
• Vasilyeva, L.M., Elhetawy, A.I.G., Sudakova, N.V. & Astafyeva, S.S. (2019). History, current status and prospects of sturgeon aquaculture in Russia. Aquaculture Research 50(4): 979-1392. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13997. google scholar
• Wei, Q. W., Zou, Y., Li, P. & Li, L. (2011). Sturgeon aquaculture in China: progress, strategies and prospects assessed on the basis of nation-wide surveys (2007-2009). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2), pp.162-168. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01669.x google scholar
• WWF. (2017). WWF Network Sturgeon Strategy. WWF publishing web. Accessed fro Retrieved from https://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront. net/downloads/WWF_Network_Sturgeon_Strategy_2017.pdf google scholar
• Zengin, M., Tiril, S.U., Dağtekin, M., Gül, M. & Eryildirim, H. (2010). Preliminary study on the status of sturgeon populations (Acipenser sp) in the South Eastern Black Sea Coast (Kızılırmak-Yeşilırmak Basin) in the early 21 st century. In EIFAC Symposium on Interactions Between Social, Economic and Ecological Objectives of Inland Commercial and Recreational Fisheries and Aquaculture (p. 44). google scholar