Seasonal Zooplankton Distribution and Species Composition in the Eastern Sea of Marmara

Year 2024, Volume: 39 Issue: 3, 137 - 147, 01.08.2024

Ezgi Türkeri , Melek İşinibilir

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20241433561

Abstract

Seasonal changes in the composition and abundance of zooplankton and their responses to environmental changes were investigated at 30 stations in the upper layer and 13 stations in the lower layer (in February, May, July, and December) of the Eastern Marmara Sea in 2016. A total of 44 species/groups (including jellyfish species) were documented in the study area, with 39 identified in the upper layer water and 31 in the lower layer water. The abundances of zooplankton ranged from 29 to 2822 ind.m−3 in the upper layer and from 6 to 2283 ind.m−3 in the lower layer. Acartia clausi, Paracalanus parvus, Penilia avirostris, and Oithona similis were the dominant species in summer and autumn, whereas Calanus euxinus, Pseudocalanus elongates, Oithona nana, Oithona davisae and Pleopis polyphemoides were the dominant species in winter and spring. Aetideus spp., Clausocalanus spp., Ctenocalanus vanus, Oncaea minuta, Isopoda, and Siphonophora were observed only in bottom-layer waters. M. lucens and O. davisae were recorded only in the upper layer in December. In conclusion, our results suggest that zooplankton communities and some species are favorable indicators of the marine environment of the Sea of Marmara.

Keywords

Zooplankton, abundance, species diversity, Sea of Marmara

Project Number

FYL-2017-24406

References

• Aktan, Y. (2008). Mucilage event associated with diatoms and dinoflagellates in Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Harmful Algae News, 36, 1-3. google scholar
• Altukhov, D.A., Gubanova, A.D., & Mukhanov, V.S. (2014). New invasive copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984: seasonal dynamics in Sevastopol Bay and expansion along the Black Sea coasts. Marine Ecology, 35, 28-34. google scholar
• Ambler, J. W., Cloern, J. E., & Hutchinson, A. (1985). Seasonal cycles of zooplankton from San Francisco Bay. Temporal Dynamics of an Estuary, 177-197. google scholar
• APHA. (2000). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th Edition. Clesceri L.S., Greenberg A.E. and Eaton A.D. (eds). American Public Health Association. American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. Washington. D.C. google scholar
• Atienza, D., Saiz, E., Skovgaard, A., Trepat, I., & Calbet, A. (2008). Life history and population dynamics of the marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris (Branchiopoda: Cladocera) in the Catalan Sea (NW Mediterranean). Journal of Plankton Research 30, 345-357. google scholar
• Barz, K. & Hirche, H. (2005). Seasonal development of scyphozoan medusa and the predatory impact of Aurelia aurita on the zooplankton community in the Bornholm Basin (central Baltic Sea). Marine Biology, 147, 465-476. google scholar
• Beşiktepe, Ş. T., Sur, H. I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M. A., Oğuz, T., & Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34(4), 285-334. google scholar
• Besiktepe, S., Kucuksezgin, F., Besiktepe, S.T., Eronat, C., Gonul, T., Kurt, T.T., Sayın, E., Gubanova, A. (2023). Variations in copepod composition and diversity in relation to eutrophication and hydrology in İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 197, 115745. google scholar
• Calbet, A., Garrido, S., Saiz, E., Alcaraz, M., & Duarte, M. (2001). Annual zooplankton succession in coastal NW Mediterranean waters: the importance of the smaller size fractions. Journal of Plankton Research, 23, 319-331. google scholar
• Camatti, E., Comaschi, A., De Olazabal, A., & Fonda Umani, S. (2008). Annual dynamics of the mesozooplankton communities in a highly variable ecosystem (North Adriatic Sea, Italy). Marine Ecology, 29, 387-398. google scholar
• Castellani, C., Robinson, C., Smith, T., & Lampitt, R. S., (2005). Temperature affects respiration rate of Oithona similis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 285, 129-135. google scholar
• Clarke KR, Warwick RM (1994). Changes in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. Plymouth, UK: PRIMER-E Ltd. google scholar
• Dogan, G., & Isinibilir, M. (2016). First Report of a New Invasive Species Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in the Sea of Marmara. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16, 471-475. google scholar
• Drira, Z., Kmiha-Megdiche, S., Sahnoun, H., Pagano, M., Tedetti, M., & Ayadi, H. (2017). Water quality affects the structure of copepod assemblages along the Sfax southern coast (Tunisia, southern Mediterranean Sea). Marine and Freshwater Research ,69, 220-231. google scholar
• Duro, A., & Saiz, E. (2000). Distribution and trophic ecology of chaetognaths in the western Mediterranean in relation to an inshore-offshore gradient. Journal of Plankton Research, 22, 339-361. google scholar
• Egloff, D. A., Fofonoff, P. W., Onbe, T. (1997). Reproductive biology of marine cladocerans. Advances in Marine Biology, 31, 79-168. google scholar
• Elbrâchter, M., & Qi, Z. (1998). Aspects of Noctiluca (Dinophyceae) population dynamics. In Physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms (DM Anderson, AD Cembella, GM Hallegraeff, eds) Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 315-335. google scholar
• Griffith, A.W., Gobler, C.J. (2020). Harmful algal blooms: a climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Harmful Algae 91, 101590. google scholar
• Gubanova, A.D., Prusova, I.Yu., Niermann, U., Shadrin, N.V., & Polikarpov, I.G., (2001). Dramatic change in the copepod community in Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea) during two decades (1976-1996). Senckenbergiana Maritima, 31, 17-27. google scholar
• Gubanova, A., & Altukhov, D. (2007). Establishment of Oithona brevicornis Giesbrecht, 1892 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in the Black Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 4, 407-410. google scholar
• Hirakawa, K. 1988. New records of the North Pacific coastal planktonic copepods, Acartia omorii (Acartiidae) and Oithona davisae (Oithonidae) from southern Chile. Bulletin of Marine Science, 42, 337-339. google scholar
• Isinibilir, M., Kideys, A.E., Tarkan, A.N., & Yilmaz, I.N. (2008). Annual cycle of zooplankton abundance and species composition in Izmit Bay (the northeastern Marmara Sea). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 78, 739-747. google scholar
• Isinibilir, M. (2009). Annual Crustacean Zooplankton Succession (Copepoda and Cladocera) in the Upper Layer of Ahirkapi Coastal Waters (Northeastern Sea of Marmara). Crustaceana, 82, 669-678 google scholar
• Isinibilir, M., Yilmaz, I.N., &Piraino, S. (2010). New contributions to the jellyfish fauna of the Marmara Sea. Italian Journal of Zoology, 77, 179-185. google scholar
• Isinibilir, M., Svetlichny, L., Hubareva, E., Yilmaz, I.N., Ustun, F., Belmonte, G., & Toklu-Alicli, B. (2011). Adaptability and vulnerability of zooplankton species in the adjacent regions of the Black and Marmara Seas. Journal of Marine Systems, 84, 18-27. google scholar
• Isinibilir Okyar, M., Üstün, F., & Orun, D.A. (2015). Changes in abundance and community structure of zooplankton population during the 2008 mucilage event in the northeastern Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39, 28-38. google scholar
• Isinibilir, M., Svetlichny, L., & Hubareva, E. (2016). Competitive advantage of the invasive copepod Oithona davisae over the indigenous copepod Oithona nana in the Marmara Sea and Golden Horn Estuary. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 49, 391-405. google scholar
• Isinibilir, M., & Yılmaz, İ. N. (2017). Jellyfish dynamics and their socioeconomic and ecological consequences in Turkish Seas. Jellyfish: Ecology, distribution patterns and human interactions, 51, 70. google scholar
• Isinibilir, M., Svetlichny, L., Türkeri, E.E., Topçu, N. E., & Kideys, A.E. (In Press). Changes in zooplankton of the eastern Sea of Marmara, In: Ecological Changes in the Sea of Marmara, ed: Isinibilir M., Kideys, A.E., Malej, A. IUPress. google scholar
• Kemp, W. M., & Boynton, W. R. (2012). Synthesis in estuarine and coastal ecological research: What is it, why is it important, and how do we teach it? Estuary and Coasts, 35, 1-22. google scholar
• Kirchner, M., Sahling, G., Uhlig, G., Gunkel, W., & Klings, K. W. (1996). Does the red tide-forming dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans feed on bacteria? Sarsia, 81(1), 45-55. google scholar
• Lipej, L., Mozetic, P., Turk, V, & Malej, A. (1997). The trophic role of the marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris in the Gulf of Trieste. Hydrobiologia, 360, 197-203. google scholar
• Marazzo, A., & Valentin, J. L. (2003). Penilia avirostris (Crustacea, ctenopoda) in a tropical bay: variations in density and aspects of reproduction. Acta Oecologica, 24, 251-257. google scholar
• Marques, S.C., Azeiteiro, U.M., Marques, J.C., Neto, J.M., & Pardal, M.A. (2006). Zooplankton and ichthyoplankton communities in a temperate estuary: spatial and temporal patterns. Journal of Plankton Research, 28:297- 312. google scholar
• Mihneva, V., & Stefanova, K. (2013). The non-native copepod Oithona davisae (Ferrari FD and Orsi, 1984) in the Western Black Sea: seasonal and annual abundance variability. BioInvasions Record, 2(2). google scholar
• Mutlu, E., (2005). A comparison of the contribution of zooplankton and nekton taxa to the near-surface acoustic structure of three Turkish seas. Marine Ecology, 26, 17-32. google scholar
• Onbe' T., & Ikeda T. (1995). Marine cladocerans in Toyama Bay, Southern Japan Sea: seasonal occurrence and day-night vertical distributions. Journal of Plankton Research, 17(3), 595-609. google scholar
• Paffenhöfer, G.-A., & Orcutt Jr, J.D. (1986) Feeding, growth and food conversion of the marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris. Journal of Plankton Research, 8, 741-754. google scholar
• Quevedo, M., Gonzalez-Quiros, R., & Anadon, R. (1999). Evidence of heavy predation by Noctiluca scintillans on Acartia clausi (Copepoda) eggs off the central Cantabrian coast (NW Spain). Oceanologica Acta, 22(1), 127-131. google scholar
• Richard, S., & Jamet, J.-L. (2001). An unusual distribution of Oithona nana Giesbrecht (1892)(Crustacea: Cyclopoida) in a bay: the case of Toulon Bay (France, Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Coastal Research, 957-963. google scholar
• Rissik, D., Shon, E. H., Newell, B., Baird, M. E., & Suthers, I. M. (2009). Plankton dynamics due to rainfall, eutrophication, dilution, grazing and assimilation in an urbanized coastal lagoon. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 84, 99-107. google scholar
• Rose, K., Roff, J. C., & Hopcrof, R. R. (2004). Production of Penilia avirostris in Kingston harbour, Jamaica. Journal of Plankton Research, 26 (3), 1-11. google scholar
• Schaumann, K., Gerdes, D., & Hesse, K. (1988). Hydrographic and biological characteristics of a Noctiluca scintillans red tide in the German Bight, 1984. Meeresforschung, 32, 77-91. Shannon, C.E., & Weaver, W., (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 125 pp. google scholar
• Shi, Y. Q., Sun, S., Zhang, G. T., Wang, S. W., & Li, C. L. (2015). Distribution pattern of zooplankton functional groups in the Yellow Sea in June: A possible cause for geographical separation of giant jellyfish species. Hydrobiologia, 754 (1), 43-58. google scholar
• Svetlichny, L., Hubareva, E., Khanaychenko, A., Gubanova, A., Altukhov, D., & Besiktepe, S. (2016). Adaptive strategy of thermophilic Oithona davisae in the cold Black Sea environment. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16, 77-90. google scholar
• Svetlichny, L., Hubareva, E., & Isinibilir, M. (2018). Population dynamics of the copepod invader Oithona davisae in the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 42, 684-693. google scholar
• Svetlichny, L., Lehtiniemi, M., Setâlâ, O., Lehto, A., Samchyshyna, L., Gromova, Y., Isinibilir Okyar, M., Türkeri, E.E., Eryalçın, K.M., Kayadelen, G.C. & Kıdeyş, A.E. (2022). Oxygen consumption rates and respiratory carbon losses in three species of copepods (Acartia clausi, Calanus helgolandicus and Limnocalanus macrurus) during starvation. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46, 249-260. google scholar
• Tarkan, A.N., Isinibilir, M., & Tarkan, A.S. (2005). Seasonal variations of the zooplankton composition and abundance in the Istanbul Strait. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8 (9). 1327-1336. google scholar
• Terbıyık Kurt, T., & Beşiktepe, Ş. (2019). First distribution record of the invasive copepod Oithona davisae Ferrari and Orsi, 1984, in the coastal waters of the Aegean Sea. Marine Ecology, 40, e12548. google scholar
• Turkoglu, M. (2013). Red tides of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans associated with eutrophication in the Sea of Marmara (the Dardanelles, Turkey). Oceanologia, 55, 709-732. google scholar
• Turner, J.T., Tester, P.A., & Ferguson, R.L. (1988). The marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris and the “microbial loop” of pelagic food webs 1. Limnology and Oceanography, 33, 245-255. google scholar
• Tüfekçi, V., Balkis, N., Beken, Ç.P., Ediger, D., Mantikci, M. (2010) Phytoplankton composition and environmental conditions of the mucilage event in the Sea of Marmara. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34, 199-210. google scholar
• Uye, S., & Sano, K. (1995). Seasonal reproductive biology of the small cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae in a temperate eutrophic inlet. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 118, 121-128. google scholar
• Uye, S.-I., & Sano, K. (1998). Seasonal variations in biomass, growth rate and production rate of the small cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae in a temperate eutrophic inlet. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 163, 37-44. google scholar
• Verity, P. G. & Smetacek, V. (1996). Organism life cycles, predation, and the structure of marine pelagic ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 130, 277-293. google scholar
• Vinas, M. D., Ramırez, F. C., Santos, B. A., & Marrari, M. (2007). Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of Cladocera in the Argentine Sea. Hydrobiologia, 594, 59-68. google scholar
• Wu, F.-X., Gu, Y.-G., Liu, Q.-X., Zhang, S.-F., Rao, Y.-Y., Liu, H.-X., Dai, M., Wang, Y.-G. & Huang, H.-H. (2023). Research on the seasonal variation of zooplankton community in Daya Bay, South China Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science,10, 1110160. google scholar
• Yilmaz, İ.N., Okus, E., & Yüksek, A. (2005) Evidences for influence of a heterotrophic dinoflagellate (Noctiluca scintillans) on zooplankton community structure in a highly stratified basin. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 64, 475-485. google scholar
• Zagami, G., Brugnano, C., Granata, A., Guglielmo, L., Minutoli, R., & Aloise, A. (2018). Biogeographical distribution and ecology of the planktonic copepod Oithona davisae: Rapid invasion in Lakes Faro and Ganzirri (Central Mediterranean Sea). Trends in Copepod Studies-Distribution, Biology and Ecology, 59-82. google scholar
• Zagorodnyaya, Y.A. (2002). Oithona brevicornis in the Sevastopol Bay: is it a single event or a new invader in the Black Sea fauna? Ecol Morya, 61-43. google scholar
• Zhou, X. N., Zhao, W., & Yin, D. P. (2022). Research progress of ecological distribution and cultivation utilization in cladoceran Penilia avirostris: A review. J. Dalian Ocean University. 37 (2), 345-351. google scholar