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“PEMBE TURİZM” ÜZERİNE GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 7, 58 - 74, 31.07.2018

Abstract

Bilim ve teknoloji alanında yaşanan gelişmeler ekonomik, siyasal, iş ve özel hayatta köklü değişimleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Hayatın değişik alanlarında yaşanan bu gelişmeler modern ekonominin en hızlı gelişen ve büyüyen endüstrilerinden birisi olan turizmde de kendisini göstermiştir. Zaman içinde insanların turizme katılım amaçları da değişime uğramış ve buna bağlı olarak turizm endüstrisinde sualtı turizmi, ekoturizm gibi yeni niş pazarlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Son zamanlarda turizmden büyük gelir elde eden ülkeler ve turizm şirketlerinin odaklandıkları pazar ise LGBT+ tüketicilerin oluşturduğu “pembe turizm” pazarıdır. Türkiye’de “pembe turizm” ile ilgili çalışmaların yetersizliğinden dolayı “pembe turizm” hakkında farkındalık oluşturmak ve gelecekte bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalara kaynak teşkil etmek çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.

References

  • Bellagaard, N. (2009). Gay And Lesbian Tourism Travel Motivations, Destination Choices and Holiday Experiences of Gays and Lesbians. Master Thesis. MSc in Business, Language and Culture Copenhagen Business School.
  • Clift, S. and Forrest, S. (1999). Gay men and tourism: destinations and holiday motivations. Tourism Management. (20): 615-625
  • Demirdelen, Ö. ve Odman. M. T. (2017). Küresel Isınmanın Yol Açtığı Sorunlardan Biri: İklim Mültecilerinin Hukuki Statüsü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 4(13): 470-497.
  • Dökmen, Z. Y. (2014). Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Sosyal Psikolojik Açıklamalar. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Enguix, B., (2009). Identities, Sexualities and Commemorations: Pride Parades, Public Space and Sexual Dissidence. Anthropological Notebooks. 15(2): 15-33.
  • Esomba, S. (2012). Global Tourism & The Environment: The Necessities for Clean Energy & Clean Transportation Usages. Lulu.com.
  • Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management. 29(3): 403-428.
  • Guaracino, J. (2007). Gay and Lesbian Tourism: The Essential Guide for Marketing. Oxford & Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Güney, N., Kargı, E. ve Oruç, Ç. A. (2004). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Eşcinsellik Konusundaki Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi. Türk HIV/AIDS Dergisi.7(4): 131-137.
  • Hatipoğlu, A. (2015). Eşcinsellik ve Siyaset. Bilim ve Ütopya. 21(257): 65-72.
  • Hughes, H. L. (1997). Holidays and homosexual identity. Tourism Management. 18(1): 3-7.
  • Hughes, H. L. (2005). A Gay Tourism Market. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism. 5(2-4): 57-74.
  • Hughes, H. L. (2005). A Gay Tourism Market: Reality or Illusion, Benefit or Burden?. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 5(2-4): 57-74.
  • ILGA (International Lesbian Gay Bisexual Trans and Intersex Association). (May 2014). State-Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws: Criminalisation, protection and recognition of same-sex love. http://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2014.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2016).
  • İslamoğlu, D. (16 Ekim 2017). LGBTİ Sözlüğü. http://hthayat.haberturk.com/yasam/guncel/haber/1035229-lgbti-sozlugu, (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2018).
  • Keskin, N., Yapça, G. ve Tamam, L. (2015). Transseksüalizm: Klinik Özellikleri ve Yasal Konular. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 7(4):436-447.
  • Küçük, T. (4 Temmuz 2017). Toplumsal farkındalık ve LGBTİ+. Gaiadergi. https://gaiadergi.com/toplumsal-farkindalik-lgbti/, (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2018).
  • Khan, M. R. (2013).Travel Motivations Of Gay And Lesbian Tourists: A Qualitative Inquiry. Master of Science in Hospitality Information University of Delaware
  • Köllen, T. and Lazar, S. (2012). Gay Tourism in Budapest: An Exploratory Study on Gay Tourists’ Motivational Patterns for Traveling to Budapest. American Journal of Tourism Management. 1(3): 64-68.
  • LGBT Capital, (May 2016). Estimated LGBT Purchasing Power: LGBT-GDP. http://www.lgbt-capital.com/docs/Estimated_LGBT-GDP_(table)_-_May_2016.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 6.2.2018).
  • Lubowiecki-Vikuk, A. P. and Borzyszkowski, J. (2016), Tourist Activity of LGBT in European Post-Communist States: the Case of Poland. Economics and Sociology. 9(1): 192-208.
  • Monterrubio, J. C., et al. (2007). Gay Men’s Sexual Behaviour in a Holiday Destination. e-Review of Tourism Research. 5(3): 56-63.
  • Morgan, T. (2 June 2017). How did the rainbow flag become an LGBT symbol? http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/how-did-the-rainbow-flag-become-an-lgbt-symbol, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018)
  • Out Now Global. (2013). WTM2012. http://www.outnowconsulting.com/latest-updates/press-centre/wtm2012, (Erişim Tarihi:10.2.2018).
  • Öztürk, Ş. (2011). Cinsel Yönelimler ve Queer Kuram. Cogito. (Bahar) 65-66: 5-6.
  • PATA (Pasific Asia Travel Associaton). (October, 2016). The Connected Visitor Economy Bulletin: LGBT Travel. https://pata.org/store/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/VE-October-2016.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2018).
  • Pew Research Center. (8 August 2017). Gay Marriage Around the World. http://www.pewforum.org/2017/08/08/gay-marriage-around-the-world-2013/, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018)
  • Pritchard, A., et al., (1998). Reaching out to the gay tourist: opportunities and threats in an emerging market segment. Tourism Management. 19(3): 273-282.
  • Pritchard, A., et al., (2000). Sexuality and holiday choices: conversations with gay and lesbian tourists. Leisure Studies. 19(4): 267-282.
  • Quignard, P. (2001). Cinsellik ve Korku. (Çev. Aykut Derman) İstanbul: Can Yayınları
  • Robinson, P., Hetimann, S. and Dieke, P. U. C. (2011). Research Themes for Tourism. MA, USA: CABI.
  • Rokakis, J. (2013). The Persecution of Homosexuals During the Holocaust. A Senior Thesis Submitted to the Eastern Michigan University Honors College. http://commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1337&context=honors, (Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2018).
  • Saana, K. (2015). Think Pink in Tourism – A Study of LGBT+ Tourism. Degree Programme in Tourism Bachelor’s Thesis, Laurea University of Applied Sciences. Kerava, Finland.
  • Sakallı N, Uğurlu O. (2001). Effects of Social Contact with Homosexuals on Heterosexual Turkish University Students' Attitudes Towards Homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality. 42(1): 53-62.
  • Sakallı N, Uğurlu O. (2003). The Effects of Social Contact with a Lesbian Person on the Attitude Change Toward Homosexuality in Turkey. Journal of Homosexuality. 44(1): 111-119.
  • Sakalli, N. (2002). The relationship between sexism and attitudes toward homosexuality in a sample of Turkish college students. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(3):53-64.
  • Singer, B. (12 July 2017). The Most Surprising LGBTI Stats And Facts From Around The World. https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/surprising-lgbti-stats-facts/#gs.XHBtOi8, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018).
  • Siyah Üçgen. (2018). Türkiye de Bazı LGBT Dernek Ve Oluşumlar. https://siyahucgen.com/2017/03/30/turkiyenin-lgbt-dernek-ve-olusumlari/, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2018). TBMM. (1982).
  • T.C Anayasası. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/anayasa/anayasa_2011.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2018).
  • Topuz, K. S. ve Erkanlı, H. (2016). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Bağlamında Kadın Ve Erkeğe Atfedilen Anlamların Metafor Yöntemiyle Analizi. Alternatif Politika. 8(2): 300-321.
  • Tunç, A. ve Saç, F. (1998). Genel Turizm Gelişimi – Geleceği, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • UNWTO. (2012). Global Report on LGBT Tourism. http://www2.unwto.org/publication/am-reports-volume-3-global-report-lgbt-tourism, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2018).
  • UNWTO. (2017). Second Global Report on LGBT Tourism. http://media.unwto.org/press-release/2017-05-05/unwto-releases-2nd-global-report-lgbt-tourism, (8.2.2018).
  • Yeşiltepe, G. (2015). Lezbiyen Gey Biseksüel Trans (Lgbt) Bireyler Ve Hasta Hakları. (Uzmanlık Tezi). İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı.
  • Yılmaz, V. ve Göçmen, İ. (2015). Türkiye’de Lezbiyen, Gey, Biseksüel ve Trans Bireylerin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Sorunları Araştırmasının Özet Sonuçları. Türkiye Politika ve Araştırma Merkezi. 4(6): 94- 101.
  • Zeiher, C. (Ocotber 2014). Gay-Friendly Destnations: The World’d Top 10. http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/gay-friendly-travel-destinations-the-worlds-top-10-9806026.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2018).
Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 7, 58 - 74, 31.07.2018

Abstract

References

  • Bellagaard, N. (2009). Gay And Lesbian Tourism Travel Motivations, Destination Choices and Holiday Experiences of Gays and Lesbians. Master Thesis. MSc in Business, Language and Culture Copenhagen Business School.
  • Clift, S. and Forrest, S. (1999). Gay men and tourism: destinations and holiday motivations. Tourism Management. (20): 615-625
  • Demirdelen, Ö. ve Odman. M. T. (2017). Küresel Isınmanın Yol Açtığı Sorunlardan Biri: İklim Mültecilerinin Hukuki Statüsü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 4(13): 470-497.
  • Dökmen, Z. Y. (2014). Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Sosyal Psikolojik Açıklamalar. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Enguix, B., (2009). Identities, Sexualities and Commemorations: Pride Parades, Public Space and Sexual Dissidence. Anthropological Notebooks. 15(2): 15-33.
  • Esomba, S. (2012). Global Tourism & The Environment: The Necessities for Clean Energy & Clean Transportation Usages. Lulu.com.
  • Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management. 29(3): 403-428.
  • Guaracino, J. (2007). Gay and Lesbian Tourism: The Essential Guide for Marketing. Oxford & Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Güney, N., Kargı, E. ve Oruç, Ç. A. (2004). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Eşcinsellik Konusundaki Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi. Türk HIV/AIDS Dergisi.7(4): 131-137.
  • Hatipoğlu, A. (2015). Eşcinsellik ve Siyaset. Bilim ve Ütopya. 21(257): 65-72.
  • Hughes, H. L. (1997). Holidays and homosexual identity. Tourism Management. 18(1): 3-7.
  • Hughes, H. L. (2005). A Gay Tourism Market. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism. 5(2-4): 57-74.
  • Hughes, H. L. (2005). A Gay Tourism Market: Reality or Illusion, Benefit or Burden?. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 5(2-4): 57-74.
  • ILGA (International Lesbian Gay Bisexual Trans and Intersex Association). (May 2014). State-Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws: Criminalisation, protection and recognition of same-sex love. http://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2014.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2016).
  • İslamoğlu, D. (16 Ekim 2017). LGBTİ Sözlüğü. http://hthayat.haberturk.com/yasam/guncel/haber/1035229-lgbti-sozlugu, (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2018).
  • Keskin, N., Yapça, G. ve Tamam, L. (2015). Transseksüalizm: Klinik Özellikleri ve Yasal Konular. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 7(4):436-447.
  • Küçük, T. (4 Temmuz 2017). Toplumsal farkındalık ve LGBTİ+. Gaiadergi. https://gaiadergi.com/toplumsal-farkindalik-lgbti/, (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2018).
  • Khan, M. R. (2013).Travel Motivations Of Gay And Lesbian Tourists: A Qualitative Inquiry. Master of Science in Hospitality Information University of Delaware
  • Köllen, T. and Lazar, S. (2012). Gay Tourism in Budapest: An Exploratory Study on Gay Tourists’ Motivational Patterns for Traveling to Budapest. American Journal of Tourism Management. 1(3): 64-68.
  • LGBT Capital, (May 2016). Estimated LGBT Purchasing Power: LGBT-GDP. http://www.lgbt-capital.com/docs/Estimated_LGBT-GDP_(table)_-_May_2016.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 6.2.2018).
  • Lubowiecki-Vikuk, A. P. and Borzyszkowski, J. (2016), Tourist Activity of LGBT in European Post-Communist States: the Case of Poland. Economics and Sociology. 9(1): 192-208.
  • Monterrubio, J. C., et al. (2007). Gay Men’s Sexual Behaviour in a Holiday Destination. e-Review of Tourism Research. 5(3): 56-63.
  • Morgan, T. (2 June 2017). How did the rainbow flag become an LGBT symbol? http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/how-did-the-rainbow-flag-become-an-lgbt-symbol, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018)
  • Out Now Global. (2013). WTM2012. http://www.outnowconsulting.com/latest-updates/press-centre/wtm2012, (Erişim Tarihi:10.2.2018).
  • Öztürk, Ş. (2011). Cinsel Yönelimler ve Queer Kuram. Cogito. (Bahar) 65-66: 5-6.
  • PATA (Pasific Asia Travel Associaton). (October, 2016). The Connected Visitor Economy Bulletin: LGBT Travel. https://pata.org/store/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/VE-October-2016.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2018).
  • Pew Research Center. (8 August 2017). Gay Marriage Around the World. http://www.pewforum.org/2017/08/08/gay-marriage-around-the-world-2013/, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018)
  • Pritchard, A., et al., (1998). Reaching out to the gay tourist: opportunities and threats in an emerging market segment. Tourism Management. 19(3): 273-282.
  • Pritchard, A., et al., (2000). Sexuality and holiday choices: conversations with gay and lesbian tourists. Leisure Studies. 19(4): 267-282.
  • Quignard, P. (2001). Cinsellik ve Korku. (Çev. Aykut Derman) İstanbul: Can Yayınları
  • Robinson, P., Hetimann, S. and Dieke, P. U. C. (2011). Research Themes for Tourism. MA, USA: CABI.
  • Rokakis, J. (2013). The Persecution of Homosexuals During the Holocaust. A Senior Thesis Submitted to the Eastern Michigan University Honors College. http://commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1337&context=honors, (Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2018).
  • Saana, K. (2015). Think Pink in Tourism – A Study of LGBT+ Tourism. Degree Programme in Tourism Bachelor’s Thesis, Laurea University of Applied Sciences. Kerava, Finland.
  • Sakallı N, Uğurlu O. (2001). Effects of Social Contact with Homosexuals on Heterosexual Turkish University Students' Attitudes Towards Homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality. 42(1): 53-62.
  • Sakallı N, Uğurlu O. (2003). The Effects of Social Contact with a Lesbian Person on the Attitude Change Toward Homosexuality in Turkey. Journal of Homosexuality. 44(1): 111-119.
  • Sakalli, N. (2002). The relationship between sexism and attitudes toward homosexuality in a sample of Turkish college students. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(3):53-64.
  • Singer, B. (12 July 2017). The Most Surprising LGBTI Stats And Facts From Around The World. https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/surprising-lgbti-stats-facts/#gs.XHBtOi8, (Erişim Tarihi: 31.01.2018).
  • Siyah Üçgen. (2018). Türkiye de Bazı LGBT Dernek Ve Oluşumlar. https://siyahucgen.com/2017/03/30/turkiyenin-lgbt-dernek-ve-olusumlari/, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2018). TBMM. (1982).
  • T.C Anayasası. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/anayasa/anayasa_2011.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2018).
  • Topuz, K. S. ve Erkanlı, H. (2016). Toplumsal Cinsiyet Bağlamında Kadın Ve Erkeğe Atfedilen Anlamların Metafor Yöntemiyle Analizi. Alternatif Politika. 8(2): 300-321.
  • Tunç, A. ve Saç, F. (1998). Genel Turizm Gelişimi – Geleceği, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • UNWTO. (2012). Global Report on LGBT Tourism. http://www2.unwto.org/publication/am-reports-volume-3-global-report-lgbt-tourism, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2018).
  • UNWTO. (2017). Second Global Report on LGBT Tourism. http://media.unwto.org/press-release/2017-05-05/unwto-releases-2nd-global-report-lgbt-tourism, (8.2.2018).
  • Yeşiltepe, G. (2015). Lezbiyen Gey Biseksüel Trans (Lgbt) Bireyler Ve Hasta Hakları. (Uzmanlık Tezi). İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı.
  • Yılmaz, V. ve Göçmen, İ. (2015). Türkiye’de Lezbiyen, Gey, Biseksüel ve Trans Bireylerin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Sorunları Araştırmasının Özet Sonuçları. Türkiye Politika ve Araştırma Merkezi. 4(6): 94- 101.
  • Zeiher, C. (Ocotber 2014). Gay-Friendly Destnations: The World’d Top 10. http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/gay-friendly-travel-destinations-the-worlds-top-10-9806026.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 7.2.2018).
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Savaş Yıldız

Publication Date July 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 7

Cite

APA Yıldız, S. (2018). “PEMBE TURİZM” ÜZERİNE GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Avrasya Sosyal Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(7), 58-74.