AN ANALYSIS OF POST-DISASTER RECOVERY EFFORTS IN TURKEY ACCORDING TO KURT LEWIN'S CHANGE MODEL EXAMPLE OF KAHRAMANMARAŞ AND HATAY PROVINCES

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 23, 43 - 56, 01.11.2023

Nazım Fatsa , Salih Akdaş

https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1362743

Abstract

Turkey, which has a surface area of 780 thousand square kilometers, is a country that is in the position of a bridge between the European and Asian continents, most of which is in the Asian continent. Due to its location, Turkey's territory is highly prone to natural disasters and has faced many disasters such as earthquakes, floods, landslides and avalanches. This high- risk geography has hosted major earthquakes, floods, landslides and avalanches every five years on average. Turkey, which has been exposed to disasters whose exact location, time and type cannot be determined, is in a constant state of change in terms of managing and improving the post-disaster crisis situation, especially in terms of physical, economic and social losses after these natural events. Especially social losses after disasters can be classified as losses that take longer to recover, require more labor and cause countries to spend more energy after the crisis compared to physical and economic losses. Post-disaster social losses require adaptive measures and change management with reference to the previous situation, which has become obligatory to change. This study aims to examine post-disaster recovery efforts in Turkey in the context of Kurt Lewin's Three Stages of Change Model. In this direction, the studies related to the Three Stages of Change Model have been analysed and the social context of post-disaster recovery efforts around the theory has been evaluated within the framework of Kahramanmaraş and Hatay earthquakes.

Keywords

Disaster, disaster administration, three-stage change model, earthquake, post-disaster recovery

TÜRKİYE'DE AFET SONRASI İYİLEŞTİRME ÇALIŞMALARININ KURT LEWIN’İN DEĞİŞİM MODELİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ KAHRAMANMARAŞ VE HATAY İLLERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

780 bin kilometrekarelik bir yüzölçümüne sahip olan Türkiye, büyük bölümü Asya kıtasında kalan, Avrupa ve Asya kıtaları arasında köprü konumunda bir ülkedir. Konum olarak doğal afetlere çokça maruz kalabilen Türkiye toprakları, başta depremler olmak üzere sel, heyelan ve çığ gibi birçok afetle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu yüksek riskli coğrafya ortalama beş yılda bir büyük depremlere, sel, heyelan ve çığ gibi felaketlere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Yeri, zamanı ve türü tam olarak tespit edilemeyen afetlere maruz kalan Türkiye, bu doğa olaylarının ardından başta fiziki olmak üzere, ekonomik ve sosyal kayıplarıyla afet sonrası oluşan kriz durumunu yönetme ve iyileştirme konusunda sürekli bir değişim halindedir. Özellikle afet sonrası oluşan sosyal kayıplar; fiziki ve ekonomik kayıplara nazaran iyileştirilmesi daha uzun süren, daha çok emek gerektiren, ülkelerin kriz sonrası daha çok enerji harcamasına neden olan kayıplar olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Afet sonrası oluşan sosyal kayıplar, değişmesi zorunlu hale gelmiş, önceki durumun referansı ile yeni duruma uyum sağlamaya yönelik tedbirler ve değişim yönetimleri gerektirir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de afet sonrası iyileştirme çalışmalarını Kurt Lewin’in Üç Aşamalı Değişim Modeli bağlamında incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, Üç Aşamalı Değişim Modeli ile ilgili çalışmalar incelenmiş ve kuram etrafında afet sonrası iyileştirme çalışmalarının Kahramanmaraş ve Hatay depremleri çerçevesinde sosyal bağlamının değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Disaster, disaster management, three-stage change model, earthquake, post-disaster recovery

References

• Afad. (2008). Türkiye Disaster Risk Reduction Plan 2022-2030. 282.
• AFAD. 2016. TAMP Turkey Disaster Response Plan.
• AFAD. 2018. Disaster Administration and Natural Disaster Statistics in Turkey. AFAD. 2020. Disaster Resilient Communities Best Practices. Vol. 21.
• Ministry of Interior. 1988. Regulation on the Principles of Emergency Aid Organization and Planning in Relation to Disasters.
• Burnes, Bernard. 2004. "Kurt Lewin and the Planned Approach to Change: A Re-Appraisal." Journal of Administration Studies 41(6):977-1002. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00463.x.
• Burnes, Bernard. 2020. "The Origins of Lewin's Three-Step Model of Change." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 56(1):32-59. doi: 10.1177/0021886319892685.
• By, Rune Todnem. 2005. "Organizational Change management: A Critical Review." Journal of Change management 5(4):369-80. doi: 10.1080/14697010500359250.
• Demirci, Ali, and Mehmet Karakuyu. 2004. "The Role of Geographic Information Technologies on Disaster Administration." Journal of Eastern Geography 9(12):67-100.
• Dynes, Russell R. 1988. "Cross-Cultural International Research: Sociology and Disaster." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 6(2):101-29.
• Erdoğan, İrfan. 2019. Change management in Education.
• Ergünay, Oktay. 2007. "Disaster Symposium : Book of Proceedings, December 5-7, 2007, IMO Congress and Culture Center, Ankara."
• Erkan, Ayşe Esse. 2010. "Risk Reduction in Disaster Administration and Problems in Turkey." DPT-Uzmanlık Tezleri (1):197.
• Gökçe, Oktay, and Çiğdem Tetik. 2012. Post-Disaster Recovery Studies in Theory and Practice.
• Hussain, Syed Talib, Shen Lei, Tayyaba Akram, Muhammad Jamal Haider, Syed Hadi Hussain,and Muhammad Ali. 2018. "Kurt Lewin's Change Model: A Critical Review of the Role of Leadership and Employee Involvement in Organizational Change." Journal of Innovation and Knowledge 3(3):123-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jik.2016.07.002.
• Kadıoğlu, Miktat. 2011. Expecting the Unexpected in Disaster Administration, Managing the Worst.
• Karaman, Z. T., & Altay, A. (2016). Integrated Disaster Management. Ilkem Publishing, 1(1), 5–24.
• Matthewman, Steve. 2012. "Accidentology: Towards a Sociology of Accidents and Disasters." RIMCIS: Revista Internacional y Multidisciplinar En Ciencias Sociales 1(2):193-215. doi: 10.4471/rimcis.2012.09. Öztaş, Sinan. 2019. "Solution Approaches for Post-Disaster Recovery Studies in Disaster Administration." Erzurum Atatürk University.
• Quarantelli, E. L. 2005. What Is A Disaster New Answers to Old Questions.
• Raza, M. (2019). Lewin’s 3 Stage Model of Change Explained. Https://Www.Bmc.Com/Blogs/Lewin- Three-Stage-Model-Change.
• Şahin, Şakir. 2019. "Disaster Administration in Turkey and 2023 Goals." Turkish Journal of Earthquake Research 1(2):180-96. doi: 10.46464/tdad.600455.
• SBB. 2023. 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report.
• Sena, Lelisa, and Kifle Woldemichael. 2010. "Disaster Prevention and Preparedness."
• Smith, M. K. 2001. "Kurt Lewin : Groups , Experiential Learning and Action Research." The Encyclopedia of Informal Education (1930).
• TMMOB. 2013. "What Kind of Disaster Administration?" P. 250 in TMMOB İzmir City Symposium.