ÇÜRÜK RİSKİ VE GENETİK

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 350 - 356, 22.03.2019

Gül Yıldız Telatar , R. Banu Ermiş

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.289346

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Multifaktöriyel bir hastalık olan diş çürüğünün etiyolojisi
yıllardır araştırılmaktadır. Aynı çevresel risk faktörlerine maruz kalan
bireylerin çürük riskinin aynı olmadığı belirlenmiş ve bu sonuç çürüğün
etiyolojisinde genetik faktörlerin de rol oynadığını akla getirmiştir. Diş
çürükleri toplumun tamamında görüldüğü için geçmişte, genetik faktörlerin diş
çürüğünün etiyolojisi üzerindeki etkisi önemsenmemiştir. Son on yılda
bireylerin çürük riskine etki eden genetik faktörler ile ilişkili çalışmalarda
artış gözlenmiştir. Diş çürüğü üzerine yapılan genetik araştırmalar 1930’lu
yıllarda deneysel hayvan çalışmaları ve gözlemsel araştırmalar olarak
başlamıştır. İnsanlar üzerindeki gen polimorfizmini inceleyen çalışmalar ancak
son yıllarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İncelenen genler çürük riskiyle ilişkisine
göre spesifik kategorilerde gruplandırılmaktadır. Günümüzde incelenen başlıca
gen kategorileri mineralizasyon, ağız içi savunma elemanları, tükürük
proteinleri, tat alma ve beslenme tercihleri ile ilgili genetik çalışmaları içermektedir.
Çürüğün karmaşık karakterli bir hastalık olması, birçok biyolojik ve çevresel
faktörlerden etkilenmesi ve çürük ile ilişkili genetik araştırmaların yetersiz
olması nedeniyle daha fazla sayıda genetik temelli çalışmalara ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, diş çürüğü ile ilişkili mevcut genetik
çalışmalar ve gen polimorfizmleri hakkında kısa bir bilgilendirme sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş çürüğü, genetik polimorfizm,
genetik araştırmalar

CARIES RISK AND GENETIC

ABSTRACT

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease and the etiology of
caries has been studied for many years. 
However when exposed to the same levels of environmental risk factors,
some patients may be more susceptible or resistant to caries than others. Those
differences may be due to genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of dental
caries. In the past, the importance of genetic factors was disregarded mainly
because the dental caries was present in almost the entire population. The last
decade has seen a steep increase in research related to genetic factors
influencing individuals’ caries risk. Genetic research applied to dental caries
began in the 1930s with experimental reports in animals and human observational
research. Only recently, have some studies begun to search for gene
polymorphisms in humans. These genes can be grouped in specific categories,
based on the factor influencing dental caries. The major candidate gene
categories to date include; enamel formation genes, immune response genes,
genes related to saliva and genes related to taste and dietary habits.  Due to the complex characteristics of the
disease, the strong influence from several biological and environmental
factors, and the small number of genetic studies related to dental caries, the
genetic basis still requires further study. The aim of this review is to
provide a brief description of the current genetic studies and gene
polymorphisms related to dental caries.

Key words: Dental caries, genetic polymorphism, genetic research

Keywords

Diş çürüğü, genetik polimorfizm

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