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Year 2015, Volume: 29 Issue: 4, 0 - , 29.06.2015

Cem Saatcioğlu , Orhan Karaca

Abstract

In this study, impact of economic development on democracy is examined. This study includes panel data analysis carried out by using five year interval data belonging to 1960-2010 period for 162 countries. The conclusion of analysis points out that economic development has a weak effect on democracy. The increase in the level of economic development raises the democratic level, however this effect can be observed visibly only in the long term

Keywords

Democracy Economic Development Panel Data Analysis

References

  • Acemoğlu, D. ve Robinson, J. A. (2013), Ulusların Düşüşü: Güç, Zenginlik ve Yoksulluğun Kökenleri, Velioğlu, F. R. (çev.), Doğan Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Acemoğlu, D., Johnson, S., Robinson, J. A. ve Yared, P. (2008), “Income and Democracy”, The American Economic Review, 98 (3), ss. 808-842.
  • Arat, Z. F. (1988), “Democracy and Economic Development: Modernization Theory Revisited”, Comparative Politics, 21 (1), ss. 21-36.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991), “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”, The Review of Economic Studies, 58 (2), ss. 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bover, O. (1995), “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 68 (1), ss. 29-51.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2013), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Fifth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
  • Barro, R. J. (1996), “Democracy and Growth”, Journal of Economic Growth, 1 (1), ss. 1-27.
  • Barro, R. J. (1999), “Determinants of Democracy”, Journal of Political Economy, 107 (S6), ss. S158-S183.
  • Barro, R. J. ve Lee, J. W. (2013), “A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010”, Journal of Development Economics, 104, ss. 184-198.
  • Başar, S. ve Yıldız, Ş. (2012), “İktisadi Büyümenin Demokratikleşmeye Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (3), ss. 9-37.
  • Benhabib, J., Corvalan, A. ve Spiegel, M. M. (2013), “Income and Democracy: Evidence From Nonlinear Estimations”, Economics Letters, 118 (3), ss. 489-492.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S. (1998), “Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 87 (1), ss. 115-143.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1979), “Political Democracy and the Timing of Development”, American Sociological Review, 44 (4), ss. 572-587.
  • Bollen, K. A. (2001), “Cross-National Indicators of Liberal Democracy, 1950- 1990”, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
  • Bollen, K. A. ve Jackman, R. W. (1985), “Economic and Noneconomic Determinants of Political Democracy in the 1960s”, Research in Political Sociology, 1, ss. 27-48.
  • Che, Y. Lu, Y., Tao, Z. ve Wang, P. (2013), “The Impact of Income on Democracy Revisited”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 41 (1), ss. 159-169.
  • Clague, C., Gleason, S. ve Knack, S. (2001), “Determinants of Lasting Democracy in Poor Countries: Culture, Development, and Institutions”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 573 (1), ss. 16-41.
  • Cutright, P. (1963), “National Political Development: Measurement and Analysis”, American Sociological Review, 28 (2), ss. 253-264.
  • Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R. ve Timmer, M. (2013), “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table”, Groningen Growth and Development Centre.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2011) Tarihin Sonu ve Son İnsan, Dicleli, Z. (çev.), Profil Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Gujarati, D. N., ve Porter, D. C. (2012), Temel Ekonometri, Şenesen, Ü. ve Şenesen G. G. (çev.), Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Gürsoy, Y. (2013), “Rejim Değişiklikleri: Otoriterleşme ve Demokratikleşme”, Sayarı, S. ve Bilgin, H. D. (der.), Karşılaştırmalı Siyaset: Temel Konular ve Yaklaşımlar, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, ss. 75-100.
  • Hadenius, A. (1992), Democracy and Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Heid, B., Langer, J. ve Larch, M. (2012), “Income and Democracy: Evidence From System GMM Estimates”, Economics Letters, 116 (2), ss. 166- 169.
  • Helliwell, J. F. (1994), “Empirical Linkages Between Democracy and Economic Growth”, British Journal of Political Science, 24 (2), ss. 225-248.
  • Hsiao, C. (2014), Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, Cambridge University Press, New York. Huntington, S. P. (2011),
  • Üçüncü Dalga: Geç 20. Yüzyılda
  • Demokratikleşme, Özbudun, E. (çev.), Üçüncü Baskı, Kilit Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Jackman, R. W. (1973), “On the Relation of Economic Development to Democratic Performance”, American Journal of Political Science, 17 (3), ss. 611-621.
  • Landman, T. (1999), “Economic Development and Democracy: The View from Latin America”, Political Studies, 47 (4), ss. 607-626.
  • Lipset, S. M. (1959), “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy”, The American Political Science Review, 53 (1), ss. 69-105.
  • Londregan, J. B. ve Poole, K. T. (1996), “Does High Income Promote Democracy?”, World Politics, 49 (1), ss. 1-30.
  • Moore, M. (1995), “Democracy and Development in Cross-National Perspective: A New Look at the Statistics”, Democratization, 2 (2), ss. 1-19.
  • Moral-Benito, E. ve Bartolucci, C. (2012), “Income and Democracy: Revisiting the Evidence”, Economics Letters, 117 (3), ss. 844-847.
  • Neubauer, D. E. (1967), “Some Conditions of Democracy”, The American Political Science Review, 61 (4), ss. 1002-1009.
  • Olsen, M. E. (1968), “Multivariate Analysis of National Political Development”, American Sociological Review, 33 (5), ss. 699-712.
  • Pazarlıoğlu, M. V. ve Gürler, Ö. K. (2007), “Telekomünikasyon Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı”, Finans, Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44 (508), ss. 35-43.
  • Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M. E., Cheibub, J. A. ve Limongi, F. (2000), Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well- Being in the World, 1950-1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Roodman, D. (2009a), “A Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 71 (1), ss. 135-158.
  • Roodman, D. (2009b), “How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 9 (1), ss. 86-136.
  • Schmidt, M. G. (2002), Demokrasi Kuramlarına Giriş, Köktaş, M. E. (çev.), İkinci Baskı, Vadi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Tarı, R. (2011), Ekonometri, Yedinci Baskı, Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2012), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul.
  • Windmeijer, F. (2005), “A Finite Sample Correction for the Variance of Linear Efficient Two-Step GMM Estimators”, Journal of Econometrics, 126 (1), ss. 25-51.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2013), Ekonometriye Giriş 2: Modern Yaklaşım, Çağlayan, E. (çev. ed.), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Yay, G. G. (2002), “İktisadi Gelişme ve Demokrasi İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Sınama”, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 52 (1), ss. 27-54.

İKTİSADİ KALKINMANIN DEMOKRASİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Year 2015, Volume: 29 Issue: 4, 0 - , 29.06.2015

Cem Saatcioğlu , Orhan Karaca

Abstract

Bu çalışmada iktisadi kalkınmanın demokrasi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 162 ülkenin 1960-2010 dönemine ait beşer yıl aralıklı verileriyle panel veri analizleri yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, iktisadi kalkınmanın demokrasi üzerinde zayıf bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. İktisadi kalkınma düzeyindeki artış demokrasi düzeyini yükseltmekte ama bu etki ancak uzun dönemde gözle görülür hale gelmektedir.

Keywords

Demokrasi İktisadi Kalkınma Panel Veri Analizi

References

  • Acemoğlu, D. ve Robinson, J. A. (2013), Ulusların Düşüşü: Güç, Zenginlik ve Yoksulluğun Kökenleri, Velioğlu, F. R. (çev.), Doğan Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Acemoğlu, D., Johnson, S., Robinson, J. A. ve Yared, P. (2008), “Income and Democracy”, The American Economic Review, 98 (3), ss. 808-842.
  • Arat, Z. F. (1988), “Democracy and Economic Development: Modernization Theory Revisited”, Comparative Politics, 21 (1), ss. 21-36.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991), “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations”, The Review of Economic Studies, 58 (2), ss. 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bover, O. (1995), “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 68 (1), ss. 29-51.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2013), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Fifth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester.
  • Barro, R. J. (1996), “Democracy and Growth”, Journal of Economic Growth, 1 (1), ss. 1-27.
  • Barro, R. J. (1999), “Determinants of Democracy”, Journal of Political Economy, 107 (S6), ss. S158-S183.
  • Barro, R. J. ve Lee, J. W. (2013), “A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010”, Journal of Development Economics, 104, ss. 184-198.
  • Başar, S. ve Yıldız, Ş. (2012), “İktisadi Büyümenin Demokratikleşmeye Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (3), ss. 9-37.
  • Benhabib, J., Corvalan, A. ve Spiegel, M. M. (2013), “Income and Democracy: Evidence From Nonlinear Estimations”, Economics Letters, 118 (3), ss. 489-492.
  • Blundell, R. ve Bond, S. (1998), “Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models”, Journal of Econometrics, 87 (1), ss. 115-143.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1979), “Political Democracy and the Timing of Development”, American Sociological Review, 44 (4), ss. 572-587.
  • Bollen, K. A. (2001), “Cross-National Indicators of Liberal Democracy, 1950- 1990”, Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
  • Bollen, K. A. ve Jackman, R. W. (1985), “Economic and Noneconomic Determinants of Political Democracy in the 1960s”, Research in Political Sociology, 1, ss. 27-48.
  • Che, Y. Lu, Y., Tao, Z. ve Wang, P. (2013), “The Impact of Income on Democracy Revisited”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 41 (1), ss. 159-169.
  • Clague, C., Gleason, S. ve Knack, S. (2001), “Determinants of Lasting Democracy in Poor Countries: Culture, Development, and Institutions”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 573 (1), ss. 16-41.
  • Cutright, P. (1963), “National Political Development: Measurement and Analysis”, American Sociological Review, 28 (2), ss. 253-264.
  • Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R. ve Timmer, M. (2013), “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table”, Groningen Growth and Development Centre.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2011) Tarihin Sonu ve Son İnsan, Dicleli, Z. (çev.), Profil Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Gujarati, D. N., ve Porter, D. C. (2012), Temel Ekonometri, Şenesen, Ü. ve Şenesen G. G. (çev.), Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
  • Gürsoy, Y. (2013), “Rejim Değişiklikleri: Otoriterleşme ve Demokratikleşme”, Sayarı, S. ve Bilgin, H. D. (der.), Karşılaştırmalı Siyaset: Temel Konular ve Yaklaşımlar, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, ss. 75-100.
  • Hadenius, A. (1992), Democracy and Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Heid, B., Langer, J. ve Larch, M. (2012), “Income and Democracy: Evidence From System GMM Estimates”, Economics Letters, 116 (2), ss. 166- 169.
  • Helliwell, J. F. (1994), “Empirical Linkages Between Democracy and Economic Growth”, British Journal of Political Science, 24 (2), ss. 225-248.
  • Hsiao, C. (2014), Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition, Cambridge University Press, New York. Huntington, S. P. (2011),
  • Üçüncü Dalga: Geç 20. Yüzyılda
  • Demokratikleşme, Özbudun, E. (çev.), Üçüncü Baskı, Kilit Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Jackman, R. W. (1973), “On the Relation of Economic Development to Democratic Performance”, American Journal of Political Science, 17 (3), ss. 611-621.
  • Landman, T. (1999), “Economic Development and Democracy: The View from Latin America”, Political Studies, 47 (4), ss. 607-626.
  • Lipset, S. M. (1959), “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy”, The American Political Science Review, 53 (1), ss. 69-105.
  • Londregan, J. B. ve Poole, K. T. (1996), “Does High Income Promote Democracy?”, World Politics, 49 (1), ss. 1-30.
  • Moore, M. (1995), “Democracy and Development in Cross-National Perspective: A New Look at the Statistics”, Democratization, 2 (2), ss. 1-19.
  • Moral-Benito, E. ve Bartolucci, C. (2012), “Income and Democracy: Revisiting the Evidence”, Economics Letters, 117 (3), ss. 844-847.
  • Neubauer, D. E. (1967), “Some Conditions of Democracy”, The American Political Science Review, 61 (4), ss. 1002-1009.
  • Olsen, M. E. (1968), “Multivariate Analysis of National Political Development”, American Sociological Review, 33 (5), ss. 699-712.
  • Pazarlıoğlu, M. V. ve Gürler, Ö. K. (2007), “Telekomünikasyon Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı”, Finans, Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44 (508), ss. 35-43.
  • Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M. E., Cheibub, J. A. ve Limongi, F. (2000), Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well- Being in the World, 1950-1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Roodman, D. (2009a), “A Note on the Theme of Too Many Instruments”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 71 (1), ss. 135-158.
  • Roodman, D. (2009b), “How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 9 (1), ss. 86-136.
  • Schmidt, M. G. (2002), Demokrasi Kuramlarına Giriş, Köktaş, M. E. (çev.), İkinci Baskı, Vadi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Tarı, R. (2011), Ekonometri, Yedinci Baskı, Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2012), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul.
  • Windmeijer, F. (2005), “A Finite Sample Correction for the Variance of Linear Efficient Two-Step GMM Estimators”, Journal of Econometrics, 126 (1), ss. 25-51.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2013), Ekonometriye Giriş 2: Modern Yaklaşım, Çağlayan, E. (çev. ed.), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Yay, G. G. (2002), “İktisadi Gelişme ve Demokrasi İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Sınama”, İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 52 (1), ss. 27-54.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Cem Saatcioğlu

Orhan Karaca

Publication Date June 29, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 29 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Saatcioğlu, C., & Karaca, O. (2015). İKTİSADİ KALKINMANIN DEMOKRASİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 29(4).

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