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Year 2013, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 145 - 152, 23.10.2013

Ahmet Yıldız , Ekrem Laçin , Nurinisa Esenbuğa Bahar Kocaman Muhlis Macit

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of tier level on the performance and egg quality traits of laying hens in different seasons. A total of 288 Lohmann hens were used and placed into 3-tier cage (T=top, M=middle, B=bottom). The measurements obtained herein for 12 months showed that the air quality and temperature changed depending on the season. Sure enough, as the outdoor temperature of poultry houses lowered in the winter season, the indoor temperature of poultry houses decreased. The lower values of CO, NH and H S of poultry houses in the summer increased in winter season, and also the relative humidity increased. While the egg production of hens caged at the T tiers was higher (P<0.05) in the winter and autumn seasons, this parameter was high (P<0.01) for hens housed at the T and M tiers in spring season. But, the hens at the T and M tiers consumed more feed (P<0.01) in the spring. Considering the tier levels, there was no difference in the feed conversion ratio during all the seasons. While the eggs of hens reared at the T and M were lighter in winter, but the eggs of hens at the T tier in spring, summer and autumn became lightened. In the assessments of the inner and outer quality of egg, the shape index and Haugh unit did not differ among the cage tiers during all the seasons. The eggshell of hens raised at the B tiers was thicker in summer. On the other hand, the stiffness of eggshell in the spring at the T tiers was higher. In conclusion, although the laying hens caged at the T tiers in winter, spring and autumn seasons had higher egg production than that of hens kept at the L tiers, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) being the most critical criteria of the performance traits, was not affected by tier levels.

Keywords

Air quality Egg quality Laying performance Season Tier level.

References

  • Anonim, 2000. Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1870, Schedule 1, paragraph 13 of the Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) Regulations, 2000. http://www.animallaw.info/nonus/statutes/st ukgenawp.htm , [Erişim: 08.02.2013+.
  • Amer AH., Pingel H., Hillig J., Soltan M., Von Borell E., 2004. Impact of atmospheric ammonia on laying performance and egg shell strength of hens housed in climatic chambers. Arch. Geflugelkd., 68, 120-125.
  • Awoniyi TAM., 2003. The effect of housing on layerchicken’s productivity in the 3-tier cage. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 2, 438-441.
  • Campbell JR., Lasley JF., 1975. The Science of Animals that Serve Humanity. Mc Graw Hill Co., USA, 369-394.
  • Charles DR., Payne CG., 1966. The influence of graded levels of atmospheric ammonia on chickens. II. Effects on the performance of laying hens. Brit. Poultry Sci., 7, 189-198.
  • Cotterill O., Nordsog AW., 1954. Influence of ammonia on egg white quality. Poultry Sci. 33, 432–434.
  • DEFRA, 2002. Code of recommendations for the welfare of livestock: Laying hens. DEFRA Publications Admail 6000, London. http:// adlib.everysite.co.uk/resources/000/015/583/
  • Defra_layers_code.pdf ,*Erişim: 01.02.2013+.
  • Ergün A., Yalçın S., Çolpan I., Dikicioğlu T., Yıldız S., 19 Utilization of vetch by laying hens. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 34, 449-466. Green AR., Wesley I., Trampel DW., Xin H., 2009. Air quality and hen health status in three types of commercial laying hen houses. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 18, 605–621.
  • Groot Koerkamp PWG., 1994. Review on emissions of ammonia from housing systems for laying hens in relation to sources, processes, building design and manure handling. J. Agr. Eng. Res., 59, 73–87.
  • Groot Koerkamp PWG., Metz JHM., Uenk GH., Phillips VR., Holden MR., Sneath RW., Short JL., White PP., Hartung J., Seedorf J., Schroder M., Linkert KH., Pedersen S., Takai H., Johnsen JO., Wathes CM., 1998. Concentrations and emissions of ammonia in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J. Agr. Eng. Res., 70, 79-95.
  • Jackson ME., Waldroup PW., 1987. Effect of cage level (tier) on the performance of White Leghorn chickens. Poultry Sci., 66, 907-909.
  • Kocaman B., Esenbuga N., Yildız A., Laçin E., Macit M., 2006. Effect of environmental conditions in poultry houses on the performance of laying hens. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 5, 26-30.
  • Kristensen HH., Burgess LR., Demmers TGH., Wathes CM., 2000. The preferences of laying hens for different concentrations of atmospheric ammonia. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 68, 307-318. Nazlıgül A., Ertuğrul O., Orman M., Aksoy T., 1995. Some production characteristics of layers from different genetic origins (Gallus domesticus) and effects of different cage position on egg production and egg weight traits. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 19, 339-347.
  • Patterson PH., Adrizal, 200 Management strategies to reduce air emissions: emphasis dust and ammonia. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 14, 638–650. Reece FN., Lott BD., 1980. The effect of ammonia and carbon dioxide during brooding on the performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 59, 1654-1661.
  • Şahin S., 2012. Effects of cage location and tier level on performance and egg quality traits of laying hens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 11, 2380-2383.
  • Şenköylü N., 2001. Modern Tavuk Üretimi. ISBN: 975-93691-2-5. Anadolu Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • SPSS, 1996. SPSS for Windows relase 10.01. SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA.
  • Sterling KG., Bell DD., Pesti GM., Aggrey SE., 2003. Relationships among strain, performance, and environmental temperature in commercial laying hens. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 12, 85-91.
  • Takai H., Pedersen S., Johnsen JO., Metz JHM., Groot Koerkamp PWG., Uenk GH., Phillips VR., Holden MR., Sneath RW., Short JL., 1998. Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 70, 59–77.
  • Türkoglu M., Arda M., Yetişir R., Sarica M., Ersayin C., 1997. Tavukçuluk Bilimi. Samsun.
  • Ugurlu N., Acar B., Topak R., 2002. Production performance of caged layers under different environmental temperatures. Arch. Geflugelkd., 66, 43-46.
  • Xin H., Gates RS., Green AR., Mitloehner FM., Moore Jr PA., Wathes CM., 2011. Environmental impacts and sustainability of egg production systems. Poultry Sci., 90, 263–277.
  • Yıldız A., Laçin E., Hayirli A., Macit M., 2006. Effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity in semi-confined housing on egg production and quality of hens during the late laying period. J. Appl. Poultry. Res., 15, 3553

Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2013, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 145 - 152, 23.10.2013

Ahmet Yıldız , Ekrem Laçin , Nurinisa Esenbuğa Bahar Kocaman Muhlis Macit

Abstract

Bu araştırma, mevsime bağlı olarak kümes-içi çevre şartları değişikliklerini ve farklı mevsimlerde kafes seviyesinin
yumurtacı tavuklarda performans ve yumurta kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütüldü. Araştırmada,
288 Lohman Beyaz yumurtacı tavuk 3 farklı kata (Ü = üst, O = orta, B = alt) eşit sayıda dağıtıldı. Bir yıl süre ile yapılan
ölçümlerle, mevsime bağlı olarak kümes içi hava kalitesi ve sıcaklık değerlerinde meydana gelen değişimler gözlendi. Yaz
mevsiminde düşük seviyede seyreden CO2, NH3 ve H2S seviyeleri kış mevsiminde yükselmiş ve kümes içi bağıl nem arttı. Kış
ve sonbahar mevsimlerinde Ü katların (P < 0.05), ilkbaharda ise Ü ve O katların (P < 0.01) yumurta verimi daha yüksek
bulundu. İlkbahar mevsiminde Ü ve O katların yem tüketimi daha yüksek oldu (P < 0.01). Bütün mevsimlerde yemden
yararlanma değerleri bakımından katlar arsında fark önemsiz bulundu (P > 0.05). Kış mevsiminde Ü ve O katlarda (P < 0.05),
ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar mevsiminde ise Ü katlarda barındırılan tavukların yumurta ağırlıkları daha düşük oldu (P < 0.001).
Yumurta dış ve iç kalitesi ile ilgili değerler incelendiğinde; yaz mevsiminde A katlarda barındırılan tavukların yumurta kabuk
kalınlığının (P < 0.001); ilkbahar ayında ise Ü katlardaki tavuklara ait yumurtaların kırılma mukavemetinin daha yüksek olduğu
tespit edildi (P < 0.05). Sonuç olarak; kış, ilkbahar ve sonbahar mevsimlerinde üst katlarda barındırılan tavukların yumurta
verimi daha fazla olmasına rağmen, performans özelliklerinin en önemli kriteri olan yemden yararlanma oranının kat
seviyesinden etkilenmediği tespit edildi.

Keywords

Hava kalitesi Kafes katı Mevsim Yumurta kalitesi Yumurtlama performansı

References

  • Anonim, 2000. Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1870, Schedule 1, paragraph 13 of the Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) Regulations, 2000. http://www.animallaw.info/nonus/statutes/st ukgenawp.htm , [Erişim: 08.02.2013+.
  • Amer AH., Pingel H., Hillig J., Soltan M., Von Borell E., 2004. Impact of atmospheric ammonia on laying performance and egg shell strength of hens housed in climatic chambers. Arch. Geflugelkd., 68, 120-125.
  • Awoniyi TAM., 2003. The effect of housing on layerchicken’s productivity in the 3-tier cage. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 2, 438-441.
  • Campbell JR., Lasley JF., 1975. The Science of Animals that Serve Humanity. Mc Graw Hill Co., USA, 369-394.
  • Charles DR., Payne CG., 1966. The influence of graded levels of atmospheric ammonia on chickens. II. Effects on the performance of laying hens. Brit. Poultry Sci., 7, 189-198.
  • Cotterill O., Nordsog AW., 1954. Influence of ammonia on egg white quality. Poultry Sci. 33, 432–434.
  • DEFRA, 2002. Code of recommendations for the welfare of livestock: Laying hens. DEFRA Publications Admail 6000, London. http:// adlib.everysite.co.uk/resources/000/015/583/
  • Defra_layers_code.pdf ,*Erişim: 01.02.2013+.
  • Ergün A., Yalçın S., Çolpan I., Dikicioğlu T., Yıldız S., 19 Utilization of vetch by laying hens. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 34, 449-466. Green AR., Wesley I., Trampel DW., Xin H., 2009. Air quality and hen health status in three types of commercial laying hen houses. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 18, 605–621.
  • Groot Koerkamp PWG., 1994. Review on emissions of ammonia from housing systems for laying hens in relation to sources, processes, building design and manure handling. J. Agr. Eng. Res., 59, 73–87.
  • Groot Koerkamp PWG., Metz JHM., Uenk GH., Phillips VR., Holden MR., Sneath RW., Short JL., White PP., Hartung J., Seedorf J., Schroder M., Linkert KH., Pedersen S., Takai H., Johnsen JO., Wathes CM., 1998. Concentrations and emissions of ammonia in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J. Agr. Eng. Res., 70, 79-95.
  • Jackson ME., Waldroup PW., 1987. Effect of cage level (tier) on the performance of White Leghorn chickens. Poultry Sci., 66, 907-909.
  • Kocaman B., Esenbuga N., Yildız A., Laçin E., Macit M., 2006. Effect of environmental conditions in poultry houses on the performance of laying hens. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 5, 26-30.
  • Kristensen HH., Burgess LR., Demmers TGH., Wathes CM., 2000. The preferences of laying hens for different concentrations of atmospheric ammonia. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 68, 307-318. Nazlıgül A., Ertuğrul O., Orman M., Aksoy T., 1995. Some production characteristics of layers from different genetic origins (Gallus domesticus) and effects of different cage position on egg production and egg weight traits. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 19, 339-347.
  • Patterson PH., Adrizal, 200 Management strategies to reduce air emissions: emphasis dust and ammonia. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 14, 638–650. Reece FN., Lott BD., 1980. The effect of ammonia and carbon dioxide during brooding on the performance of broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 59, 1654-1661.
  • Şahin S., 2012. Effects of cage location and tier level on performance and egg quality traits of laying hens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 11, 2380-2383.
  • Şenköylü N., 2001. Modern Tavuk Üretimi. ISBN: 975-93691-2-5. Anadolu Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • SPSS, 1996. SPSS for Windows relase 10.01. SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA.
  • Sterling KG., Bell DD., Pesti GM., Aggrey SE., 2003. Relationships among strain, performance, and environmental temperature in commercial laying hens. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 12, 85-91.
  • Takai H., Pedersen S., Johnsen JO., Metz JHM., Groot Koerkamp PWG., Uenk GH., Phillips VR., Holden MR., Sneath RW., Short JL., 1998. Concentrations and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 70, 59–77.
  • Türkoglu M., Arda M., Yetişir R., Sarica M., Ersayin C., 1997. Tavukçuluk Bilimi. Samsun.
  • Ugurlu N., Acar B., Topak R., 2002. Production performance of caged layers under different environmental temperatures. Arch. Geflugelkd., 66, 43-46.
  • Xin H., Gates RS., Green AR., Mitloehner FM., Moore Jr PA., Wathes CM., 2011. Environmental impacts and sustainability of egg production systems. Poultry Sci., 90, 263–277.
  • Yıldız A., Laçin E., Hayirli A., Macit M., 2006. Effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity in semi-confined housing on egg production and quality of hens during the late laying period. J. Appl. Poultry. Res., 15, 3553
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Ahmet Yıldız

Ekrem Laçin

Nurinisa Esenbuğa This is me

Bahar Kocaman This is me

Muhlis Macit

Publication Date October 23, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldız, A., Laçin, E., Esenbuğa, N., Kocaman, B., et al. (2013). Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 145-152.
AMA Yıldız A, Laçin E, Esenbuğa N, Kocaman B, Macit M. Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. October 2013;8(2):145-152.
Chicago Yıldız, Ahmet, Ekrem Laçin, Nurinisa Esenbuğa, Bahar Kocaman, and Muhlis Macit. “Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans Ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 8, no. 2 (October 2013): 145-52.
EndNote Yıldız A, Laçin E, Esenbuğa N, Kocaman B, Macit M (October 1, 2013) Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 8 2 145–152.
IEEE A. Yıldız, E. Laçin, N. Esenbuğa, B. Kocaman, and M. Macit, “Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 145–152, 2013.
ISNAD Yıldız, Ahmet et al. “Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans Ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 8/2 (October 2013), 145-152.
JAMA Yıldız A, Laçin E, Esenbuğa N, Kocaman B, Macit M. Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;8:145–152.
MLA Yıldız, Ahmet et al. “Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans Ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2013, pp. 145-52.
Vancouver Yıldız A, Laçin E, Esenbuğa N, Kocaman B, Macit M. Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;8(2):145-52.
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