Research Article
Comparison the Effect of Different Ratios of Ketamine and Propofol (Ketofol) Admixture on Anesthesia Induction in New Zealand White Rabbits
Abstract
This study was aimed to detect the effects of anesthesia induction with ketamine-propofol (ketofol) admixture in rabbits. Eight, healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly received ketofol admixture at the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 with one-week intervals. The length of surgical anesthesia was continuously evaluated until the presence of pedal withdrawal and ear-pinch reflexes. The recovery was assessed by the existence of the righting reflex. The heart rate and respiratory frequency values were recorded at pre-treatment, induction, and two minutes intervals until 20 minutes. There was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to the ear-pinch reflex and pedal withdrawal reflex. The righting reflex returned earliest at the ratio of 1:1 (8.88 ± 0.63 minutes) which was significantly shorter than the ratio of 1:2 (10.50 ± 0.94 minutes) or 1:3 (13.62 ± 1.93 minutes). The animals receiving ketofol at the ratio of 1:3 had significantly lower respiratory frequency compared to 1:2 and 1:1 ratios at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 minutes. The ketofol admixture at the ratio of 1:1 has less respiratory depression effects, and higher doses of propofol in ketofol admixture can be associated with anesthetic complication.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Ataturk University Scientific Research Projects
Project Number
BAP 2013/253
References
- 1. Lee H.W., Machin H., Adami C., 2018. Peri-anaesthetic mortality and nonfatal gastrointestinal complications in pet rabbits: a retrospective study on 210 cases. Vet Anaesth Analg, 45, 520-528. 2. Karasu A., Altug NI., Aslan L, Bakir B., Yuksek, NI., 2018. Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam using clinical and laboratory parameters in rabbits. Med Weter, 74, 646-652. 3. Sahinovic MM., Struys MM., Absalom, AR., 2018. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol. Clin Pharmacokinet, 57, 1539-1558. 4. Ghojazadeh M., Sanaie S., Paknezhad SP., Faghih SS., Soleimanpour H., 2019. Using ketamine and propofol for procedural sedation of adults in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Pharm Bull, 9, 5-11. 5. Kogan A., Efrat R., Katz J., Vidne BA., 2003. Propofol-ketamine mixture for anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 17, 691–693. 6. Cruz FS., Carregaro AB., Raiser AG., Zimmerman M., Lukarsewski R., Steffen RP., 2010. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and S(+)-ketamine in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg, 37, 116-122. 7. Martinez-Taboada F., Leece EA., 2014. Comparison of propofol with ketofol, a propofol-ketamine admixture, for induction of anaesthesia in healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg, 41, 575-582. 8. Andolfatto G., Abu-laban RB., Zed PJ., Staniforth SM., Stackhouse S., Moadebi S., Willman E., 2012. Ketamine-propofol combination (ketofol) versus propofol alone for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a randomized double-blind trial. Ann Emerg Med, 59, 504-512. 9. Kennedy MJ., Smith LJ., 2015. A comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol-ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg, 42, 350-359. 10. Zonca A., Ravasio G., Gallo M., Montesissa C., Carli S., Villa R., Cagnardi P., 2012. Pharmacokinetic of ketamine and propofol combination administered as ketofol via continous infusion in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 35, 580-587. 11. Daabiss M., Elsherbiny M., Alotibi R., 2009. Assesment of different concentration of ketofol in procedural operation. Br J Med Pract, 2, 27-31. 12. Miner JR., Moore JC., Austad EJ., Plummer D., Hubbard L., Gray RO., 2015. Randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial of propofol, 1:1 propofol/ketamine, and 4:1 propofol/ketamine for deep procedural sedation in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med, 65, 479-488. 13. Arora S., 2008. Combining ketamine and propofol (“ketofol”) for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: A review. West J Emerg Med, 9, 20-23. 14. Wang Y., Jiang X., Pang L., Dong S., Feng Y., Prajapati SS., Yuan C., Ma H., 2012. A randomized double-blind controlled study of the efficacy of ketofol with propofol-fentanyl and propofol alone in termination of pregnancy. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, 6, 2510-2514. 15. Glen JB., 1980. Animal studies of the anaesthetic activity of ICI 35 868. Br J Anaesth, 52, 731-742. 16. Henke J., Astner S., Brill T., Eissner B., Busch R., Erhardt W., 2005. Comparative study of three intramuscular anesthetic combinations (Medetomidine/ketamine,medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam, xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg, 32, 261-270. 17. Orr HE., Roughan JV., Flecknell PA., 2005. Assessment of ketamine and medetomidine anaesthesia in the domestic rabbit. Vet Anaesth Analg, 32, 271-279. 18. Thomson SJ., Yate PM., 1987. Bradycardia after propofol infusion. Anaesthesia, 42, 430. 19. Tutal ZB., Gulec H., Dereli N., Babayigit M., Kurtay A., Inceoz H., Horasanli, E., 2016. Propofol-ketamine combination: a choice with less complications and better hemodynamic stability compared to propofol? On a prospective study in a group of colonoscopy patients. Irish J Med Sci, 185, 699-704. 20. Goodman NW., Black AM., Carter JA., 1987. Some ventilatory effects of propofol as a sole anaesthetic agent. Br J Anaesth, 59, 1497-1503
Beyaz Yeni Zelanda Tavşanlarda Farklı Oranlarda Ketamine ve Propofol (Ketofol) Karışımının Anestezi İndüksiyonu Üzerine Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Bu çalışma tavşanlarda üç farklı oranda hazırlanan ketamine-propofol (ketofol) karışımının anestezi indüksiyonu üzerine olan etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladı. Sekiz, sağlıklı, Beyaz Yeni Zelanda tavşanına uygulamalar arasında 1 hafta olacak şekilde 1:1, 1:2 ve 1:3 oranında ketofol karışımı rastgele uygulandı. Cerrahi anestezi süresi kulak-çekme ve pedal geri çekme reflekslerinin varlığına bakarak sürekli olarak değerlendirildi. Tavşanların kendi başına doğrulabildiği zaman uyanma olarak kabul edildi. Kalp frekansı ve solunum sayısı, anestezi öncesinde, indüksiyonda ve ikişer dakika aralıklarla 20. dakikaya kadar kaydedildi. Kulak çekme refleksi ve pedal geri çekme refleksinde gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Tavşanların kendi başına doğrulma zamanı; 1:1 oranında (8.88 ± 0.63 dakika), 1:2 (10.50 ± 0.94 dakika) veya 1:3 (13.62 ± 1.93 dakika) oranlarından daha erken gerçekleşti. 1:3 oranında ketofol uygulanan hayvanların solunum sayısı 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 ve 12. dakikalarda 1:2 ve 1:1 oranlarına nazaran daha düşüktü. 1:1 oranında ketofol karışımı daha az solunum depresyonuna neden olmaktadır ve ketofol karışımı içerisindeki propofol oranını artması anestezik komplikasyon ile ilişkili olabilir.
Project Number
BAP 2013/253
References
- 1. Lee H.W., Machin H., Adami C., 2018. Peri-anaesthetic mortality and nonfatal gastrointestinal complications in pet rabbits: a retrospective study on 210 cases. Vet Anaesth Analg, 45, 520-528. 2. Karasu A., Altug NI., Aslan L, Bakir B., Yuksek, NI., 2018. Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam and tiletamine-zolazepam using clinical and laboratory parameters in rabbits. Med Weter, 74, 646-652. 3. Sahinovic MM., Struys MM., Absalom, AR., 2018. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol. Clin Pharmacokinet, 57, 1539-1558. 4. Ghojazadeh M., Sanaie S., Paknezhad SP., Faghih SS., Soleimanpour H., 2019. Using ketamine and propofol for procedural sedation of adults in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Pharm Bull, 9, 5-11. 5. Kogan A., Efrat R., Katz J., Vidne BA., 2003. Propofol-ketamine mixture for anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 17, 691–693. 6. Cruz FS., Carregaro AB., Raiser AG., Zimmerman M., Lukarsewski R., Steffen RP., 2010. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and S(+)-ketamine in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg, 37, 116-122. 7. Martinez-Taboada F., Leece EA., 2014. Comparison of propofol with ketofol, a propofol-ketamine admixture, for induction of anaesthesia in healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg, 41, 575-582. 8. Andolfatto G., Abu-laban RB., Zed PJ., Staniforth SM., Stackhouse S., Moadebi S., Willman E., 2012. Ketamine-propofol combination (ketofol) versus propofol alone for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a randomized double-blind trial. Ann Emerg Med, 59, 504-512. 9. Kennedy MJ., Smith LJ., 2015. A comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol-ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg, 42, 350-359. 10. Zonca A., Ravasio G., Gallo M., Montesissa C., Carli S., Villa R., Cagnardi P., 2012. Pharmacokinetic of ketamine and propofol combination administered as ketofol via continous infusion in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 35, 580-587. 11. Daabiss M., Elsherbiny M., Alotibi R., 2009. Assesment of different concentration of ketofol in procedural operation. Br J Med Pract, 2, 27-31. 12. Miner JR., Moore JC., Austad EJ., Plummer D., Hubbard L., Gray RO., 2015. Randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial of propofol, 1:1 propofol/ketamine, and 4:1 propofol/ketamine for deep procedural sedation in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med, 65, 479-488. 13. Arora S., 2008. Combining ketamine and propofol (“ketofol”) for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: A review. West J Emerg Med, 9, 20-23. 14. Wang Y., Jiang X., Pang L., Dong S., Feng Y., Prajapati SS., Yuan C., Ma H., 2012. A randomized double-blind controlled study of the efficacy of ketofol with propofol-fentanyl and propofol alone in termination of pregnancy. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, 6, 2510-2514. 15. Glen JB., 1980. Animal studies of the anaesthetic activity of ICI 35 868. Br J Anaesth, 52, 731-742. 16. Henke J., Astner S., Brill T., Eissner B., Busch R., Erhardt W., 2005. Comparative study of three intramuscular anesthetic combinations (Medetomidine/ketamine,medetomidine/fentanyl/midazolam, xylazine/ketamine) in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg, 32, 261-270. 17. Orr HE., Roughan JV., Flecknell PA., 2005. Assessment of ketamine and medetomidine anaesthesia in the domestic rabbit. Vet Anaesth Analg, 32, 271-279. 18. Thomson SJ., Yate PM., 1987. Bradycardia after propofol infusion. Anaesthesia, 42, 430. 19. Tutal ZB., Gulec H., Dereli N., Babayigit M., Kurtay A., Inceoz H., Horasanli, E., 2016. Propofol-ketamine combination: a choice with less complications and better hemodynamic stability compared to propofol? On a prospective study in a group of colonoscopy patients. Irish J Med Sci, 185, 699-704. 20. Goodman NW., Black AM., Carter JA., 1987. Some ventilatory effects of propofol as a sole anaesthetic agent. Br J Anaesth, 59, 1497-1503
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | BAP 2013/253 |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 15 Issue: 3 |