Kent Ormanlarının Kentsel Mekana Sağladığı Faydalar
Year 2006,
Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 131 - 136, 10.01.2011
Sevgi Yılmaz
,
Zöhre Bulut
Pervin Yeşil
Abstract
Kentsel ekosistemler içerisinde önemli yeri olan kent ormanlarının kentlere birçok faydaları vardır. Yapılan çalışmada,
kent ormanlarının kentlere sağladığı faydalar; ekonomik, ekolojik ve sosyal boyutları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu konularda yapılan
bilimsel araştırmaların sonuçları sunularak, kent ormanlarının kentler ve ülkeler için önemli kaynaklar olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
References
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- Akbari, H., Rosenfeld, A., Taha, H., 1990. Recent developments in heat island studies: Technical and policy. In Controlling Summer Heat Islands.
- Anonim, 1999. Ormancılık Hukuku. Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayını, No: 136, 231, Önder Matbaası, Ankara.
- Anonim, 2004. Orman Nedir? T. C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı. www.cevreorman.gov.tr
- Anonymous, 1990. South Carolina Forestry Commission Report. www.state.sc.us/forest/urbben.htm
- Anonymous, 1993.U.S. Department of Energy.
- Anonymous, 2004. Urban and community forestry: Improving our quality of life. Edited by Georgia Forestry Commission. www.gfc.state.ga.us
- Aslanboğa, İ., 2004. Kent ormancılığı bağlamında ormanların işlevleri. 1. Ulusal Kent Ormancılığı Kongresi, 3-18, Ankara.
- Bayram, A., 2004. Karatepe mevkii ağaçlandırma sahasının kent ormancılığı açısından değerlendirilmesi. http://www.ispartacevreorman.gov.tr/KENTORMANI.HTM
- Beattie, J., Kolin, C., Moll, G., 2000. Trees help cities meet clean water regulations. www.americanforests.org
- Brack, C. L., 2002. Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by an urban forest. Environmental Pollution, 116 (1), 195- 200.
- Dochinger, L.S., 1980. Interception of airborne particles by tree plantings. Journal of Environmental Quality, 9 (2), 265–268.
- Dwyer, J. F., McPherson, E. G., Schroeder, H. W., Rowntree, R. A., 1992. Assessing the benefits and costs of the urban forest . Journal of Arboriculture, 18(5).
- Givoni, B., 1991. Impact of planted areas on urban environmental quality: A review. Atmospheric Environment, 25 (3), 289- 299.
- Gül, A., Küçük, V., 2001. Kentsel açık yeşil alanlar ve Isparta Kenti örneğinde irdelenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 27-48.
- Hartig, T., Mang, M., Evans, G. W., 1991. Restorative effects of natural environment experiences. Environment and Behavior, 23, 3-26.
- Hasler, B., Damgaard, C. K., Erichsen, E. H., Jİrgensen, J. J., Kristoffersen, H. E., 2002. The recreational values of forest, lake and nature restoration- valuation of nature goods using the hedonic price method. Energy and Environment. www. akf.dk/dk2002/summary/nature_restoration.htm
- Kaplan, S., 1987. Mental Fatigue and The Designed Environment. Public Environments, Washington.
- Knapp, M., Jordan, A., 1995. What are urban woodlands worth? Urban forest benefits analysis. Fairfax ReLeaf. Inc. Room 828. 12011 Government Center Parway, Fairfax. VA 22035. www. ser.org/abstracts.
- Konijnendijk, C., 2003. A decade of urban forestry in Europe. Forest Policy and Economics, 5, 173-186.
- Korkut, A. B., Çilek, M. S., 2004. Peyzaj planlama ilkeleri çerçevesinde kent ormancılığının kent gelişimi üzerine etkileri. 1. Ulusal Kent Ormancılığı Kongresi, 519-524, Ankara.
- Kuchelmeister , G., Braatz, S., 1993. Urban forestry revisited. An International Journal of The Forestry and Food Endustries, 44 (2), Unasylva.
- Kuo, F. E., Sullivan, E. C., 2001. Agression and violence in the inner city. Effects of environment via mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior, 33 (4), 543-571.
- Küçükkaya, İ., Uyanık, M., 2004. Yeşil Kuşak Ağaçlandırma Çalışmaları. www.tb-yayin.gov.tr
- Luttik, J., 2000. The value of trees, water and open space as reflected by house prices in the Netherlands. Landscape and Urban Planning. 48 (3-4), 161-167.
- Maca, S. E., 2002. Apractical approach to assessing structure, function, and value of street populations in small communities. Davis, CA: University of California. M. S. Thesis, 218. wcufre.ucdavis.edu.
- McPherson, E. G., 1994. Cooling urban heat islands with sustainable landscapes. The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity, 151-172, University of Massachusets Press, Amherts.
- McPherson, E. G., Rowntree, R. A., Wagar, J. A., 1995. Energy- efficent landscapes. I: Bradley, G. A., (ed). Urban forest landscapes: integrating multidisciplinary perspectives. Seattle: University of Washington Pres: 150-160.
- McPherson, E. G., 1996. Urban forest lanscapes, how greenery saves greenbacks. Wagner, C., ed. 1996 Annual Meeting Proceedings, American Society of Landscape Architects, Washington, DC. ASLA, 27-29. wcufre.ucdavis.edu.
- McPherson, E. G., 2003. Benefits of urban forest. The Journal of The Society of Municipal Arborists, 39(3).
- McPherson, E. G., 2004. Trees and energy conservation. Urban Forest Cut Energy Costs. www. americanforest.org
- Nowak, D. J., McPherson, E. G, 1993. Quantifying the impact of trees: The Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. An International Journal of The Forestry and Food Endustries, 44 (2), Unasylva.
- Nowak , D. J., Crane, D. E., 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environmental Pollution, 116 (3), 381-389.
- Pouyat, R., Groofman, P., Yesilonis, I., Hernandez, L., 2000. Soil carbon and fluxes in urban ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 116 (1), 107-118.
- Scott, K. I., Mcpherson, E.G., Simpson, J.R., 1998. Air pollutant uptake by Sacramento’s urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture, 24 (4), 224-234.
- Simpson, J. R., 1998. Urban forest impacts on regional cooling and heating energy use: Sacramento County case study. Journal of Arboriculture, 24(4), 201-214.
- Simpson, J. R., McPherson, E. G. 1998. Simulation of tree shade impacts on residential energy use for space conditioning in Sacremento. Atmospheric Environment, 32 (1), 69-74.
- Simpson, J. R., McPherson, E. G. 1999. Energy and air quality improvements through urban tree planting. Proceedings from the 1999 National Urban Forest Conference, 110-112. wcufre.ucdavis.edu
- Simpson, J. R., 2004. Urban forest improve air quality. Energy and air quality improvements through urban tree planting. Proceedings from the 1999 National Forest Conference,110- 112. wcufre.ucdavis.edu.
- Sullivan, W. C., Human F. E.,1996. Do trees strengthen urban communities, reduce domestic violence? Forestry Report R8- FR 56. www.urbanforestrysouth.org
- Sydnor, T. D., 2001. Functional uses of plants in the landscape. Ohio State University Fact Sheet. Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, OH 43210.
- Taylor, A. F., Wiley, A., Kuo, E. F., Sullivan, W. C., 1998. Growing up in the inner city; green spaces as places to grow. Journal Environment and Behavior, 30 (1).
- Thompson, R., Hana, R., Noel, J., Piirto, D., 1999. Valuation of tree aesthetics on small urban-interface properties. Journal of Arboriculture, 25 (5) September.
- Yücel , E., 2004. Kent ormancılığının önemi ve Eskişehir’den bir örnek. 1. Ulusal Kent Ormancılığı Kongresi, 551-565, Ankara.
Year 2006,
Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 131 - 136, 10.01.2011
Sevgi Yılmaz
,
Zöhre Bulut
Pervin Yeşil
References
- Acar, C., Günay, K., 2004. Kent ormancılığının kent ekosistemi ve işlevlerine katkısı; peyzaj ekolojisi açısından bir değerlendirme. 1. Ulusal Kent Ormancılığı Kongresi, 485- 492, Ankara.
- Akbari, H., Rosenfeld, A., Taha, H., 1990. Recent developments in heat island studies: Technical and policy. In Controlling Summer Heat Islands.
- Anonim, 1999. Ormancılık Hukuku. Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayını, No: 136, 231, Önder Matbaası, Ankara.
- Anonim, 2004. Orman Nedir? T. C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı. www.cevreorman.gov.tr
- Anonymous, 1990. South Carolina Forestry Commission Report. www.state.sc.us/forest/urbben.htm
- Anonymous, 1993.U.S. Department of Energy.
- Anonymous, 2004. Urban and community forestry: Improving our quality of life. Edited by Georgia Forestry Commission. www.gfc.state.ga.us
- Aslanboğa, İ., 2004. Kent ormancılığı bağlamında ormanların işlevleri. 1. Ulusal Kent Ormancılığı Kongresi, 3-18, Ankara.
- Bayram, A., 2004. Karatepe mevkii ağaçlandırma sahasının kent ormancılığı açısından değerlendirilmesi. http://www.ispartacevreorman.gov.tr/KENTORMANI.HTM
- Beattie, J., Kolin, C., Moll, G., 2000. Trees help cities meet clean water regulations. www.americanforests.org
- Brack, C. L., 2002. Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by an urban forest. Environmental Pollution, 116 (1), 195- 200.
- Dochinger, L.S., 1980. Interception of airborne particles by tree plantings. Journal of Environmental Quality, 9 (2), 265–268.
- Dwyer, J. F., McPherson, E. G., Schroeder, H. W., Rowntree, R. A., 1992. Assessing the benefits and costs of the urban forest . Journal of Arboriculture, 18(5).
- Givoni, B., 1991. Impact of planted areas on urban environmental quality: A review. Atmospheric Environment, 25 (3), 289- 299.
- Gül, A., Küçük, V., 2001. Kentsel açık yeşil alanlar ve Isparta Kenti örneğinde irdelenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 27-48.
- Hartig, T., Mang, M., Evans, G. W., 1991. Restorative effects of natural environment experiences. Environment and Behavior, 23, 3-26.
- Hasler, B., Damgaard, C. K., Erichsen, E. H., Jİrgensen, J. J., Kristoffersen, H. E., 2002. The recreational values of forest, lake and nature restoration- valuation of nature goods using the hedonic price method. Energy and Environment. www. akf.dk/dk2002/summary/nature_restoration.htm
- Kaplan, S., 1987. Mental Fatigue and The Designed Environment. Public Environments, Washington.
- Knapp, M., Jordan, A., 1995. What are urban woodlands worth? Urban forest benefits analysis. Fairfax ReLeaf. Inc. Room 828. 12011 Government Center Parway, Fairfax. VA 22035. www. ser.org/abstracts.
- Konijnendijk, C., 2003. A decade of urban forestry in Europe. Forest Policy and Economics, 5, 173-186.
- Korkut, A. B., Çilek, M. S., 2004. Peyzaj planlama ilkeleri çerçevesinde kent ormancılığının kent gelişimi üzerine etkileri. 1. Ulusal Kent Ormancılığı Kongresi, 519-524, Ankara.
- Kuchelmeister , G., Braatz, S., 1993. Urban forestry revisited. An International Journal of The Forestry and Food Endustries, 44 (2), Unasylva.
- Kuo, F. E., Sullivan, E. C., 2001. Agression and violence in the inner city. Effects of environment via mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior, 33 (4), 543-571.
- Küçükkaya, İ., Uyanık, M., 2004. Yeşil Kuşak Ağaçlandırma Çalışmaları. www.tb-yayin.gov.tr
- Luttik, J., 2000. The value of trees, water and open space as reflected by house prices in the Netherlands. Landscape and Urban Planning. 48 (3-4), 161-167.
- Maca, S. E., 2002. Apractical approach to assessing structure, function, and value of street populations in small communities. Davis, CA: University of California. M. S. Thesis, 218. wcufre.ucdavis.edu.
- McPherson, E. G., 1994. Cooling urban heat islands with sustainable landscapes. The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity, 151-172, University of Massachusets Press, Amherts.
- McPherson, E. G., Rowntree, R. A., Wagar, J. A., 1995. Energy- efficent landscapes. I: Bradley, G. A., (ed). Urban forest landscapes: integrating multidisciplinary perspectives. Seattle: University of Washington Pres: 150-160.
- McPherson, E. G., 1996. Urban forest lanscapes, how greenery saves greenbacks. Wagner, C., ed. 1996 Annual Meeting Proceedings, American Society of Landscape Architects, Washington, DC. ASLA, 27-29. wcufre.ucdavis.edu.
- McPherson, E. G., 2003. Benefits of urban forest. The Journal of The Society of Municipal Arborists, 39(3).
- McPherson, E. G., 2004. Trees and energy conservation. Urban Forest Cut Energy Costs. www. americanforest.org
- Nowak, D. J., McPherson, E. G, 1993. Quantifying the impact of trees: The Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. An International Journal of The Forestry and Food Endustries, 44 (2), Unasylva.
- Nowak , D. J., Crane, D. E., 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environmental Pollution, 116 (3), 381-389.
- Pouyat, R., Groofman, P., Yesilonis, I., Hernandez, L., 2000. Soil carbon and fluxes in urban ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 116 (1), 107-118.
- Scott, K. I., Mcpherson, E.G., Simpson, J.R., 1998. Air pollutant uptake by Sacramento’s urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture, 24 (4), 224-234.
- Simpson, J. R., 1998. Urban forest impacts on regional cooling and heating energy use: Sacramento County case study. Journal of Arboriculture, 24(4), 201-214.
- Simpson, J. R., McPherson, E. G. 1998. Simulation of tree shade impacts on residential energy use for space conditioning in Sacremento. Atmospheric Environment, 32 (1), 69-74.
- Simpson, J. R., McPherson, E. G. 1999. Energy and air quality improvements through urban tree planting. Proceedings from the 1999 National Urban Forest Conference, 110-112. wcufre.ucdavis.edu
- Simpson, J. R., 2004. Urban forest improve air quality. Energy and air quality improvements through urban tree planting. Proceedings from the 1999 National Forest Conference,110- 112. wcufre.ucdavis.edu.
- Sullivan, W. C., Human F. E.,1996. Do trees strengthen urban communities, reduce domestic violence? Forestry Report R8- FR 56. www.urbanforestrysouth.org
- Sydnor, T. D., 2001. Functional uses of plants in the landscape. Ohio State University Fact Sheet. Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, OH 43210.
- Taylor, A. F., Wiley, A., Kuo, E. F., Sullivan, W. C., 1998. Growing up in the inner city; green spaces as places to grow. Journal Environment and Behavior, 30 (1).
- Thompson, R., Hana, R., Noel, J., Piirto, D., 1999. Valuation of tree aesthetics on small urban-interface properties. Journal of Arboriculture, 25 (5) September.
- Yücel , E., 2004. Kent ormancılığının önemi ve Eskişehir’den bir örnek. 1. Ulusal Kent Ormancılığı Kongresi, 551-565, Ankara.