TIBBİ LABORATUVARLARDA PREANALİTİK SÜREÇ TAKİBİNİN ÖNEMİ
Year 2024,
Volume: 4 Issue: 11, 130 - 136, 24.10.2024
Bağnu Dündar
,
Yusuf Elgörmüş
,
Fatma Bozkurt
,
Hatıce Nur Halıpcı Topsakal
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, laboratuvarımızda son beş yıl içinde en sık görülen uygunsuz numune türleri ve oranları konusunda niceliksel verileri karşılaştırmak ve ayrıca önleyici tedbir olarak analitik sürecin kalitesini artırmasını beklediğimiz personele verilen preklinik eğitimlerin etkirlik durumlarını tespit etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2019-2023 yılları arasında başvuran hastalardan alınan 969,276 numune, laboratuvar bilgi sistemi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Kabul ve red kriterlerine göre alınan numunelerin bilgileri sisteme işlendi. Yüzdeleri hesaplanarak dağılım eğrileri çıkartılıp yorumlanıp, yapılacak olan eğitimlerin periyotları belirlendi. Bulgular: Yaptığımız bu çalışmada, pıhtılı numune ret oranının ortalama %5-10 oranında olduğu tespit edilirken, çalışma sonuçlarımıza göre, pıhtılı numune ret oranının(%37,7). oldukça yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun nedeni, laboratuvarımızda ayda 12.000 tam kan sayımı testi çalışılmaktadır. Bu testi çalışmak için tam kan numunesinin antikoagülan içeren tüplere alınması ve pıhtılaşmanın oluşmaması için karıştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle en sık karşılaştığımız uygunsuzluk sebebi pıhtılı kan numunesidir. Kan numunelerinin santrifüj edilmesi sonucunda görülebilen hemoliz ve görülemeyen hemolizin serum indeks ölçümü sonucunda hemolizli olan numuneler laboratuvar bilgi sistemine giriş yapılarak ret edilmiştir. Numunelerin ret ediliş sebepleri, ret edilen numune sayısı ve ret edilme oranları aylık olarak analiz edildi. Ret edilen numune sayısının artış gösterdiği birimler tespit edildi. Sonuç: Her ay bu birimlere iyi numune alma uygulamaları eğitimleri uygulamalı olarak verildi, konuya dair farkındalık oluşturuldu. Eğitim belirli periyotlarda yenilendi. Ayrıca hastanemizde yeni göreve başlayan sağlık personeline oryantasyon eğitimi kapsamında da numune kabul ve red kriterlerine dair eğitim yapılması kararlaştırıldı.
Ethical Statement
GEREK BULUNMAMAKTADIR
Supporting Institution
İSTANBUL ATLAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ MEDİCİNE HOSPİTAL
Thanks
Yazarlar olarak İstanbul Atlas Üniversitesi Medicine Hospital tıbbi laboratuvar çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.
References
- Plebani M, Lippi G. Closing the brain-to-brain loop in laboratory testing. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011;49:1131–3.10.1515/CCLM.2011.617
- Lippi G, Plebani M, Graber ML. Building a bridge to safe (5). The role of the clinical laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54:1–3.10.1515/cclm-2015-1135
- Simundic AM, Lippi G. Preanalytical phase–a continuous challenge for laboratory professionals. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012;22:145–9.10.11613/BM.2012.017
- Plebani M. Diagnostic errors and laboratory medicine – causes and strategies. EJIFCC. 2015;26:7–14.
- Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Bovo C. Are we getting better at the preanalytical phase or just better at measuring it? J Lab Precis Med. 2018;3:11.10.21037/jlpm.2018.01.03
- Nikolac N, Krleza, JL, Simundic AM. Preanalytical external quality assessment of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine and CROQALM: finding undetected weak spots. Biochemia medica. 2017; 27(1), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2017.017
- Bachner P, Boone DJ, Herron R, Howanitz PJ, Meier F, Schifman R, Zarbo RJ. College of American Pathologists Outcomes Working Group, blood bank quality assurance questionnaire 1991 CAP Northfield, IL.
- Guder WG. History of the preanalytical phase: a personal view. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2014;24:25–30. https://doi.org/10.11613/bm.2014.005
- Statland BE, Winkel P. Effects of preanalytical factors on the intraindividual variation of analytes in the blood of healthy subjects: consideration of preparation of the subject and time of venipuncture. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1977;8:105-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408367709151694.
- Plebani M. Exploring the iceberg of errors in laboratory medicine. Clin Chim Acta. 2009;404:16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2009.03.022
- Plebani M, Carraro P. Mistakes in a stat laboratory: types and frequency. Clin Chem. 1997;43:1348–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.8.1348
- Cadamuro J, Simundic AM. The preanalytical phase – from an instrument-centret to a patient-centret laboratory medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2023; 61(5): 732–740. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-1036
- Lippi G, Simundic AM. The EFLM strategy for harmonization of the preanalytical phase. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017 Jun 3. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0277. [Epub ahead of print].10.1515/cclm-2017-0277
- Price CP, Christenson RH. Evidence based laboratory Medicine.:AACC press;2003 Clin Biochem Rev. 2013 Aug; 34(2): 43–46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151340/
- Hofmann W, Ehrich JHH, Guder WG, Keller F, Scherberich J. Diagnostic pathways for exclusion and diagnosis of kidney diseases.Clin Lab. 2012;58:871-89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23163102/
- Guder WG, Müller OA. Unnecessary laboratory tests (Unnötige Laboruntersuchungen). D Med Wchschr. 2009;134:575-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1208089.
- Simundic AM, Baird G, Cadamuro J, Costelloe SJ, Lippi G. Managing hemolyzed samples in clinical laboratories. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020;57:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2019.16
- Laposata M. Diagnostic error in the United States: a summary of the report of a National Academy of Medicine Committee. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2022;132:194–201
- Slawomirski L, Auraaen A, Klazinga N. The economics of patient safety – strengthening a value-based approach to retucing patient harm at national level. https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/The-economics-of-patient-safety-March-2017.pdf
- Cadamuro J, Simundic A. The preanalytical phase – from an instrument-centret to a patient-centret laboratory medicine. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2023;61(5):732-740. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-1036
- Plebani M. Diagnostic Errors and Laboratory Medicine - Causes and Strategies. EJIFCC. 2015 Jan 27;26(1):7-14. PMID: 27683477; PMCID: PMC4975219.
- Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Bovo C. Are we getting better at the preanalytical phase or just better at measuring it? J Lab Precis Med. 2018;3:11.10.21037/jlpm.2018.01.03
- Lippi G, Cadamuro J, von Meyer A, Simundic AM. Practical recommendations for managing hemolyzed samples in clinical chemistry testing. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56:718–27.10.1515/cclm-2017-1104
- Simundic AM, Topic E, Nikolac N, Lippi G. Hemolysis detection and management of hemolysed specimens. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2010;20:154–9.10.11613/BM.2010.018
- Simundic AM, Nikolac N, Guder WG. Preanalytical variation and preexamination processes. In: Rifai N, Horvath R, Wittwer C, editors. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 6th ed. New York, USA: Elsevier, 2018:81–120.
- Lippi G, Salvagno GL, Brocco G, Gelati M, Danese E, Favaloro EJ. Impact of experimental hypercalcemia on routine haemostasis testing. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0175094.10.1371/journal.pone.0175094
- Marlar RA, Potts RM, Marlar AA. Effect on routine and special coagulation testing values of citrate anticoagulant adjustment in patients with high hematocrit values. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;126:400–5.10.1309/RRQKT2JEYV33D19D
- Lippi G, von Meyer A, Cadamuro J, Simundic A. Blood sample quality. Diagnosis. 2019;6(1): 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2018-0018
Year 2024,
Volume: 4 Issue: 11, 130 - 136, 24.10.2024
Bağnu Dündar
,
Yusuf Elgörmüş
,
Fatma Bozkurt
,
Hatıce Nur Halıpcı Topsakal
References
- Plebani M, Lippi G. Closing the brain-to-brain loop in laboratory testing. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011;49:1131–3.10.1515/CCLM.2011.617
- Lippi G, Plebani M, Graber ML. Building a bridge to safe (5). The role of the clinical laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54:1–3.10.1515/cclm-2015-1135
- Simundic AM, Lippi G. Preanalytical phase–a continuous challenge for laboratory professionals. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012;22:145–9.10.11613/BM.2012.017
- Plebani M. Diagnostic errors and laboratory medicine – causes and strategies. EJIFCC. 2015;26:7–14.
- Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Bovo C. Are we getting better at the preanalytical phase or just better at measuring it? J Lab Precis Med. 2018;3:11.10.21037/jlpm.2018.01.03
- Nikolac N, Krleza, JL, Simundic AM. Preanalytical external quality assessment of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine and CROQALM: finding undetected weak spots. Biochemia medica. 2017; 27(1), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2017.017
- Bachner P, Boone DJ, Herron R, Howanitz PJ, Meier F, Schifman R, Zarbo RJ. College of American Pathologists Outcomes Working Group, blood bank quality assurance questionnaire 1991 CAP Northfield, IL.
- Guder WG. History of the preanalytical phase: a personal view. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2014;24:25–30. https://doi.org/10.11613/bm.2014.005
- Statland BE, Winkel P. Effects of preanalytical factors on the intraindividual variation of analytes in the blood of healthy subjects: consideration of preparation of the subject and time of venipuncture. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1977;8:105-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408367709151694.
- Plebani M. Exploring the iceberg of errors in laboratory medicine. Clin Chim Acta. 2009;404:16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2009.03.022
- Plebani M, Carraro P. Mistakes in a stat laboratory: types and frequency. Clin Chem. 1997;43:1348–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.8.1348
- Cadamuro J, Simundic AM. The preanalytical phase – from an instrument-centret to a patient-centret laboratory medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2023; 61(5): 732–740. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-1036
- Lippi G, Simundic AM. The EFLM strategy for harmonization of the preanalytical phase. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017 Jun 3. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0277. [Epub ahead of print].10.1515/cclm-2017-0277
- Price CP, Christenson RH. Evidence based laboratory Medicine.:AACC press;2003 Clin Biochem Rev. 2013 Aug; 34(2): 43–46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24151340/
- Hofmann W, Ehrich JHH, Guder WG, Keller F, Scherberich J. Diagnostic pathways for exclusion and diagnosis of kidney diseases.Clin Lab. 2012;58:871-89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23163102/
- Guder WG, Müller OA. Unnecessary laboratory tests (Unnötige Laboruntersuchungen). D Med Wchschr. 2009;134:575-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1208089.
- Simundic AM, Baird G, Cadamuro J, Costelloe SJ, Lippi G. Managing hemolyzed samples in clinical laboratories. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020;57:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2019.16
- Laposata M. Diagnostic error in the United States: a summary of the report of a National Academy of Medicine Committee. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2022;132:194–201
- Slawomirski L, Auraaen A, Klazinga N. The economics of patient safety – strengthening a value-based approach to retucing patient harm at national level. https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/The-economics-of-patient-safety-March-2017.pdf
- Cadamuro J, Simundic A. The preanalytical phase – from an instrument-centret to a patient-centret laboratory medicine. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2023;61(5):732-740. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-1036
- Plebani M. Diagnostic Errors and Laboratory Medicine - Causes and Strategies. EJIFCC. 2015 Jan 27;26(1):7-14. PMID: 27683477; PMCID: PMC4975219.
- Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Bovo C. Are we getting better at the preanalytical phase or just better at measuring it? J Lab Precis Med. 2018;3:11.10.21037/jlpm.2018.01.03
- Lippi G, Cadamuro J, von Meyer A, Simundic AM. Practical recommendations for managing hemolyzed samples in clinical chemistry testing. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56:718–27.10.1515/cclm-2017-1104
- Simundic AM, Topic E, Nikolac N, Lippi G. Hemolysis detection and management of hemolysed specimens. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2010;20:154–9.10.11613/BM.2010.018
- Simundic AM, Nikolac N, Guder WG. Preanalytical variation and preexamination processes. In: Rifai N, Horvath R, Wittwer C, editors. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 6th ed. New York, USA: Elsevier, 2018:81–120.
- Lippi G, Salvagno GL, Brocco G, Gelati M, Danese E, Favaloro EJ. Impact of experimental hypercalcemia on routine haemostasis testing. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0175094.10.1371/journal.pone.0175094
- Marlar RA, Potts RM, Marlar AA. Effect on routine and special coagulation testing values of citrate anticoagulant adjustment in patients with high hematocrit values. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;126:400–5.10.1309/RRQKT2JEYV33D19D
- Lippi G, von Meyer A, Cadamuro J, Simundic A. Blood sample quality. Diagnosis. 2019;6(1): 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2018-0018