Seasonal Determination and Investigation of Disinfection by Product Formation Potentials (DBPFPs) of Surface Waters, İstanbul Ömerli and Büyükçekmece Case Study

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 22 - 35, 30.04.2018

Edip Avşar , İsmail Toröz

https://doi.org/10.20290/aubtdb.333707

Cited By: 1

Öz

All
surface and ground waters include natural organic matter (NOM). During the
disinfection NOM reacts with chlorine and forms various types of halogenated
disinfection by-products (DBPs). There are lots of study in the literature
about these possible carcinogenic effects on human. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and
haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most widely known and most produced DBPs. But
there lots of different types of DBPs occurred after the disinfection and
sometimes absorbable organic halogens (AOX) measurement can be used for
determining the total amount of DBPs. In this study raw water samples were
taken from Büyükçekmece (BC) and Ömerli (OM) surface water sources in the
seasonal basis. At the first stage water quality parameters were analysed and
then samples were chlorinated. After 7 days reaction period THMs, HAAs,
haloasetonitrilles (HANs), chloral hydrate (CH), chloropicrin (CP) and AOX
measurements were conducted and according to these results undefined DBPs
percentage of AOX was calculated. In terms of OM and BC raw water undefined
portion of AOX was averagely calculated as 59.4% and 58% respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

NOM, Chlorination, Dbp

Kaynakça

• [1] Johnson BR, Eldred TB, Nguyen AT, Payne WM, Schmidt EE, Alansari AY, Amburgey JE, and Poler JC. High-Capacity and Rapid Removal of Refractory NOM Using Nanoscale Anion Exchange Resin, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016; 8(28): 18540–18549.
• [2] Narkis N, Rebhun M. Mechanism of flocculation processes in presence of humic substances, Journal American Water Works Association 1975; 67(2): 101-108.
• [3] Singer PC, Arlotta C, Snider-Sajdak N, Miltner R. Effectiveness of pre- and intermediate ozonation on the enhanced coagulation of disinfection by-product precursors in drinking water, Ozone-Science & Engineering 2003; 25(6): 453-471.
• [4] Jafari A, Mahvi AH, Nasseri S, Rashidi A, Nabizadeh R, and Rezaee R. Ultrafiltration of natural organic matter from water by vertically aligned carbon nanotube membrane. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2015; 13(1): 1-9.
• [5] Seman MA, Kei L, and Yusoff M. Synthesis and Performance of Polyamide Forward Osmosis Membrane for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Removal. International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering 2015; 9(2): 160-163.
• [6] Anonymous. Organics removal by coagulation: a rewiew and research needs. Committee report, American Water Works Association, USA, 1979.
• [7] Avsar E. Physical and Chemical Characterization of Natural Organic Matter In Istanbul Surface Waters and Determination of Disinfection By Product Formation Potentials, PhD, Istanbul Technical University İstanbul, Turkey, 2013. (In Turkish).
• [8] Avsar E, Toroz İ, Hanedar A, Yılmaz M. Chemical Characterization of Natural Organic Matter and Determination of Disinfection By-Product Formation Potentials. Istanbul Omerli and Buyukcekmece Surface Waters Case Study, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2014; 23(2a): 494-501.
• [9] Avsar E, Toroz İ, Hanedar A. Physical characterisation of natural organic matter and determination of disinfection by-product formation potentials in İstanbul surface waters, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2015; 24(9): 2763-2770.
• [10] Golea DM, Upton A, Jarvis P, Moore G, Sutherland S, Parsons SA, and Judd SJ. THM and HAA formation from NOM in raw and treated surface waters, Water Research, 2017; 112: 226-235.
• [11] Goslan EH, Seigle C, Purcell D, Henderson R, Parsons SA, Jefferson B, and Judd SJ. Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation from algal organic matter, Chemosphere 2017; 170: 1-9.
• [12] Krasner, SW. Formation and Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water, American Water Works Association 1999: 27-52.
• [13] Ravindran V, Tsai H, Williams MD, Pirbazari M. Hybrid membrane bioreactor technology for small water treatment utilities: Process evaluation and primordial considerations, Journal of Membrane Science, 2009; 344: 39-54.
• [14] Hua G. Characterization Of Total Organic Halogen Produced By Chlorine, Chloramines, and Chlorine Dioxide, Ph.D, University Of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA, 2006
• [15] Korshin G V, Benjamin M.M, Chang H. Modeling DBP Formation Kinetics: Mechanistic and Spectroscopic Approaches, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, 2004.
• [16] Krasner, SW, Weinberg H, Richardson S, Pastor SJ, Russell C, Clementi MS, Onstad GD, Thruston A. Occurrence of a New Generation of Disinfection Byproducts, Environ. Sci. Technology 2006; 40: 7175-7185.
• [17] Richardson SD. New disinfection by-product issues: Emerging DBPs and alternative routes of exposure, Global Nest Journal, 2005; 1: 43-60.
• [18] Ateş N, Kaplan Ş, Şahinkaya E, Yetiş Ü, Dilek FB, and Kitiş M. Occurrence of disinfection by-products in low DOC surface waters in Turkey, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007; 142: 526–534.
• [19] Baytak D, Sofuaoğlu A, Inal F, Sofuoğlu SC. Seasonal variation in drinking water concentrations of disinfection by-products in IZMIR and associated human health risks. Science of The Total Environment, 2008; 407: 286-296.
• [20] Uyak V, Özdemir K, Toröz İ. Seasonal variation of disinfection by-product precursors profile and their removal through surface water treatment plants. Science of the Total Environment, 2008; 390: 417-424.
• [21] Baytak D, İnal F, Sofuaoğlu A, Sofuoğlu SC. Seasonal and source variability of disinfection by-product concentrations in İzmir drinking water, 2007; Environemtal Chamber of Environmental Engineers 7th National Environmental Engineering Conference, İzmir Turkey.
• [22] Aydin E, Yaman BF, Ates-Genceli E, Topuz E, Erdim E, Gurel M, Ipek M, Pehlivanoglu-Mantas, E. Occurrence of THM and NDMA precursors in a watershed: Effect of seasons and anthropogenic pollution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012; 221-222: 86-91.
• [23] Cotruvo J, Fawell JK, Giddings M, Jackson P, Magara Y, Ohanian E. Chloral Hydrate in Drinking-Water, Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, World Health Organization, 2005.
• [24] Krasner SW, Weinberg H, Richardson S, Pastor SJ, Russell C, Clementi, MS, Onstad GD, Thruston A. (2006). Occurrence of a New Generation of Disinfection Byproducts, Environ. Sci. Technology 2006; 40: 7175-7185.
• [25] Fawell JK, Lund U, Mintz B. Chloropicrin in Drinking-water, Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, World Health Organization, 2003.