Overview of 3D Technology Applications in Plants: Phenomic, Mapping with Robotic Systems, Architectural Designs, Plant and Animal Tissue Culture Approaches

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 239 - 255, 17.08.2018

Begüm Güler , Pelin Sağlam Metiner Sultan Gülçe İz Aynur Gürel

https://doi.org/10.18036/aubtdc.378468

Abstract

The fact
that two-dimensional studies are insufficient about complex plant forms and
allowing emerging technologies to give more detailed data leads researchers to
search for new alternatives. The developments in plant biotechnology have
changed rapidly over the past two decades, depending on the technological
progresses such as microscopy, structural and functional plant modelling,
phenotyping and genomic studies. Especially the studies which is called
“phenomic” and plant researches working with phenotyping, are the popular
research areas which interest to the researchers on recent years.
Nowadays
scientific researches and production techniques in agriculture, have been
carried out more stability as digitally and visually. Fast improvements on robotic
and sensor technologies come together with agricultural research have been
opened up new horizons on agricultural biotechnology, for the plant
architecture and even for plant tissues which is an excellent model for many
researchers. Along with the phenotyping research on agricultural research, three-dimentional
biotechnology is used on detection with robotic sensors and mapping. Also
through computer algorithms which gave 3D structure of plant architectural
designs, different products and artworks can be produced.

The usage of 3D printing technologies to identify
the plant tissues structure and function and for improvement of new culture systems
to use at plant tissue culture techniques has been an important approach
nowadays. Recently, potential of plant forms to be use in scaffold production
have been studied because of the micro similarity of plant tissues with animal
tissues in animal tissue engineering. Microfluidic systems, mostly used in
animal cell culture techniques, are also intensively studied in research
related to plant cells. The data obtained by all these techniques are used in
many fields ranging from pest control on agriculture to the design of
artificial organs on medicine, from the programming of computer games to
forestry. In this article, we had tried to summarize studies about 3D
technology on plant systems.

Keywords

Plant tissue culture, 3D technology, animal tissue engineering, scaffold, microfluidic

Bitkilerde 3D Teknolojisi Uygulamalarına Genel Bakış: Fenomik, Robotik Sistemler ile Haritalandırma, Mimari Tasarımlar, Bitki ve Hayvan Doku Kültürü Yaklaşımları

Abstract

İki
boyutlu çalışmaların karmaşık bitkisel formlar hakkında yetersiz kalması ve
gelişen teknolojilerin daha ayrıntılı veriler toplanmasına izin vermesi,
araştırmacıları yeni alternatifler arama yoluna itmiştir. Bitki biyoteknolojisi
ile ilgili gelişmeler, son yirmi yılda mikroskobi, yapısal ve fonksiyonel bitki
modellemeleri, fenotiplendirme ve genomik çalışmaları gibi teknolojilerdeki
ilerlemelere bağlı olarak hızlı bir şekilde değişim göstermiştir. Özellikle
“fenomik” adı verilen ve fenotiplendirme ile bitkilerin incelendiği çalışmalar,
araştırıcıların ilgisini çeken son yılların popüler konularından biri durumundadır.
Günümüzde tarımsal alanda gerçekleştirilen bilimsel araştırmalar ve üretim
teknikleri, dijital ve görsel olarak daha yüksek kararlılıkta gerçekleştirilir
hale gelmiştir. Robot ve sensör sistemlerindeki hızlı gelişmeler; tarımsal araştırmalarla
bir araya gelerek tarımsal biyoteknolojide yeni ufuklar açmış, birçok
araştırmacı için mükemmel bir model olan bitki mimarisinin ve hatta bitkisel dokuların
da belirlenmesi sağlanmıştır. Üç boyutlu biyoteknoloji, tarımsal araştırmalarda
fenotiplendirme çalışmalarının yanı sıra, robotik sistemlerle algılama ve
haritalandırma alanlarında da sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca bitkilerin 3D
yapılarını veren bilgisayar algoritmaları aracılığıyla mimari tasarımlar
yapılabildiği gibi, çeşitli ürün ve sanat eserleri de üretilmektedir.

Bitkisel dokuların yapı ve fonksiyonlarının
belirlenmesi ve bitki doku kültürü tekniklerinde yeni kültür sistemlerinin
geliştirilmesi için 3D baskılama teknolojisinden yararlanılması önemli bir
yaklaşım haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Son zamanlarda, hayvan doku mühendisliğindeki
mikro benzerliklerden dolayı, bitki formlarının ve bitkilerden elde edilen
çeşitli ürünlerin doku iskelesi üretiminde kullanım potansiyelleri
araştırılmaktadır. Çoğunlukla hayvan hücre kültürü tekniklerinde kullanılan mikroakışkan
sistemler, bitkisel hücrelerle ilişkili araştırmalarda da yoğun şekilde ele
alınmaktadır. Bahsedilen tüm bu teknikler ile elde edilen veriler, tarımda
zararlılarla mücadeleden, tıpta yapay organların tasarlanmasına, bilgisayar
oyunlarının programlanmasından ormancılığa kadar pek çok alanda
kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede, bitkisel sistemlerde 3D teknolojisi ile
gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Bitki doku kültürü, 3D teknolojisi, hayvan doku mühendisliği, doku iskelesi, mikroakışkan

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