Second Home Tourism in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: Development Issue and Mobility Pattern

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 63 - 82, 27.12.2019

Mehmet Somuncu , Ayşe Okuyucu , Merve Altundal

Abstract

Eastern Black Sea Region is one of the most important region in that development of second home tourism for the mountainous areas in Turkey. Second-home tourism in the mountainous areas is the important literature gap in Turkey. For this reason in this study we aim to determine development issue and mobility pattern of second home tourism in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The research population is the highlands where located in seven provinces in the Eastern Black Sea region. The sample of the study is thirty highlands in Eastern Black Sea Region. Multistage cluster sampling technique was applied at the sample selection. The primary datas were collected questionnaire surveys were conducted with a total of 900 second home owner selected by convenience sampling during July 2010. A total of 60 digital TIFF format monoscopic aerial photographs was analysed by using Erdas Imagine LPS and ArcGIS 9.3 software for show the second home increase in the area. At the sampling highlands 2.830 dwelling units have increased last thirty years. According to the questionnaire results of the study, second home owners generally come to the region at May and June. Most of them leave the area in September. Second home owner spend mostly 91-120 days in the region. The beautiful landscape and weather condition are main motivation to acquire a second home from the region. Second home demand in the region is gradually increasing. Therefore, determination of main motivation sources for the second home demand and movements pattern towards the second homes provide useful information for planning issue. The study is also pioneer research about the second homes in the mountainous area at Turkey.

Keywords

second homes, second home tourism, mountainous areas, mobility pattern, Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

SOBAG 109K079

Second Home Tourism in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: Development Issue and Mobility Pattern

Abstract

Eastern Black Sea Region is one of the
most important regions in the development of second home tourism for the
mountainous areas in Turkey. There is considerable literature gap on research about
second-home tourism in the mountainous areas of Turkey. For this reason, in
this study, we aim to determine the development issue and mobility patterns of
second home tourism in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The research
population consists of seven provinces located in the Eastern Black Sea region.
The sample of the study is thirty highlands in Eastern Black Sea Region. A
multistage cluster sampling technique was applied at the sample selection. The
primary data were collected by the use of questionnaire surveys conducted with
a total of 900 second homeowner selected by convenience sampling during July
2010. A total of 60 digital TIFF format monoscopic aerial photographs were analysed by using
Erdas Imagine LPS and ArcGIS 9.3 software for showing the second home increase
in the area. At the sampling highlands, 2.830 dwelling units have increased in
the last thirty years. According to the questionnaire results of the study,
second homeowners generally come to the region in May and June. Most of them
leave the area in September. Second homeowners spend mostly 91-120 days in the
region. The beautiful landscape and weather conditions are main motivations to
acquire a second home from the region. Second-home demand in the region is
gradually increasing. Therefore, the determination of main motivation sources
for the second home demand and movement pattern towards the second homes provide
useful information for planning issues. The study is also a pioneer research
about the second homes in the mountainous area at Turkey.

Project Number

SOBAG 109K079

References

• Alagöz,C.A. 1993. Türkiye’de Yaylacılık Araştırmaları. Coğrafya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2: 1-51.
• Alkan, M.Ö. 2014. Osmanlı’da sayfiyenin icadı. p.15-44. Editor: T.Bora. Sayfiye Hafiflik Hayali. İletişimYayınları, İstanbul.
• Araonsson, L. 2004. Place Attachment of Vacation Resident: Between Tourists and Permanenet Residents. p. 75-86. Editors: C.M. Hall & D. K. Müller. Tourism, Mobility and Second Homes Between Elite Landscape and Common Ground. Channel View Publications: Clevedon.
• Barke, M. 2007. Second Homes in Spain: An Analysis of Change at the Provincial Level, 1981–2001. Geography, 92(3): 195–207.
• Benson, M., O’Reilly, K. 2009. Migration and Search for a Better Way of Life: A Critical Exploration of Lifestyle Migration. The Sociological Review, 57(4): 608-625.
• Bijker, R.A., Haartsen, T., 2012. More Than Counterurbanization: Migration to Popular and Less-Popular Rural areas in the Netherlands. Population, Space and Place, 18: 643-657.
• Casado-Diaz, M. 2012. Exploring the Geographies of Lifestyle Mobility: Current and Future Fields of Enquiry. p. 120-125. Editor: J. Wilson. The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Geographies. Routledge: London and New York.
• Construction Law. 1985. T.C. Official Newspaper, 3194, 03, May 1985.
• Cooke, B., Lane, R. 2015. Re-thinking Rural-Amenity Ecologies For Environmental Management in the Anthropocene. Geoforum, 65: 232-242.
• Cooperatives Law (1969). T.C. Official Newspaper, 1163, 24 April 1969.
• Doğaner, S. 1992. Gemlik Körfezi Kuzey Kıyılarının Turizm Coğrafyası. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 27: 59-84.
• Doğaner, S. 1998. Türkiye Kıyı Kullanımında Turizm Olgusu. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 33: 25-52.
• Dubin, M., Lucas, E. 1989: Trekking in Turkey. Lonely Planet, Hong Kong.
• Emekli, G. 2014. İkinci Konut Kavramı Açısından Turizm Coğrafyasının Önemi ve Türkiye’de İkinci Konutların Gelişimi, Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 23(1): 25-42.
• Emiroğlu, M. 1977. Bolu’da Yaylalar ve Yaylacılık, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Yayınları: 272, Ankara.
• General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs (2014), Access: 29 October 2015, http://www.nvi.gov.tr/NVI.html
• Jaakson, R. 1986. Second-home Domestic Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 13: 367-391.
• Japan International Cooperation Agency & State Planning Organization of the Republic of Turkey 2000: The study on the regional – plan for the Eastern Black Sea Region in the Republic of Turkey (DOKAP) Final Report, Turkey.
• Kaltenborn, B. P., Clout, H. D. 1998. The Alternate Home-motives of Recreation Home Use. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 52(3): 121-134.
• Kılıçaslan, Ç. 2006. İkinci Konutların Deniz Kıyılarına Etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, A(1):147-156.
• Kondo, M.C., Rivera, R., Rullman Jr. S. 2012. Protecting The Idyll But Not The Environment: Second Homes, Amenity Migration and Rural Exclusion in Washington State. Landscape and Urban Planning, 106: 174-182.
• Küçük, H., Kılıç, T. 2018. Karasu İlçesinde (Sakarya) İkinci Konutların Gelişimi. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(65): 111-130.
• Löffler, R., Steinickie, E. 2006. Counterurbanization and Its Socioeconomic Effets in High Mountain Areas Of The Sierra Nevada (California/Nevada). Mountain Research and Development, 26(1): 64-71.
• Manisa, K., Görgülü, T. 2008. İkincil Konutların Turizm Sektöründe Yeniden Kullanılabilmesine İlişkin Bir Model. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi e-Dergisi, 3(1): 68-78.
• McMillan, L. 2006. Guiding Back From The Precipice: Leveraging The Power Of Recreational Users To Protect Mountain Environments. p. 31-53. Editör: L. Moss. The Amenity Migrants: Seeking and Sustaining Mountains and Their Cultures. Wallingford: CABI
• Ministry of Tourism. 1990. İkinci Konut Envanteri, 1989 (Report No: 1990/3), Turizm Bakanlığı Yatırımlar Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
• Müller, D. K., Marjavaara, R. 2012. From Second Home to Primary Residence: Migration Towards Recreational Properties in Sweden 1991–2005. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 103(1): 53-68.
• Müller, D.K. 1999. German Second Home Owners in The Swedish Countryside: On The Internationalization of The Leisure Space. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Umeå University Department of Social and Economic Geography,Umeå.
• Naycı, N. 2009. Kıyı Alanlarında Kitle Turizmi: Türkiye’de Kalkınma Planları Bağlamında Kıyıların Dönüşümü ve Tarihi-Doğal Çevreler. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22: 81-100.
• Okuyucu, A., Somuncu, M. 2015. Yalova-Çınarcık’taki İkinci Konutların Ekonomik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2): 139-159. Ooi, N., Laing, J., Mair, J. 2015. Sociocultural Change Facing in The Rocky Mountain West As A Result Of Mountain Resort Tourism and Amenity Migration. Journal of Rural Studies, 41: 59-71.
• Özdemir, H. 2012. Türkiye’de İç Göçler Üzerine Genel bir Değerlendirme. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 30: 1-18.
• Özden, S., Atmış, E., Menemencioglu, K. 2004. Negative Effects of Recent Unplanned Expansion on Highland Ecosystems in Turkey. Mountain Research and Development 24(4): 303-306.
• Özgüç, N. 1977. Tatil Evleri. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Şehircilik Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14: 69-92.
• Perlik, M., Membretti, A. 2018. Migration by Necessity and by Force the Mountain Areas: An Opportunity for Social Innovation. Mountain Research and Development, 38 (3): 250-264.
• Roca, O., Oliverira, J., Roca, Z., Costa, L. 2012. Second Home Tourism in the Oeste Region, Portugal: Features and Impacts. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 3 (2): 35‑55.
• Somuncu, M. 1989. The Kaçkar Mountains of the Eastern Black Sea Coast. Image of Turkey, 26:18-23.
• Somuncu, M. 2010. From Mountain Pastures to Mountain Resorts. Newsletter of the Mountain Research Initiative MRI NEWS, 5 (December): 9-12.
• Somuncu, M., Akpınar, N., Kurum, E., Çubuk Kaya, N., Özelçi Eceral T. 2010. Gümüşhane İli Yaylalarındaki Arazi Kullanımı ve İşlev Değişiminin Değerlendirilmesi: Kazıkbeli ve Alistire Yaylaları Örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevre Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2): 107-127.
• Somuncu, M., Çubuk Kaya, N., Akpınar, N., Kurum, E., Özelçi Eceral, T. 2012. Doğu Karadeniz Yaylalarında Çevresel Değişim. Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
• Somuncu, M., İnci, A. 2004: Balancing Protection and Utilization in Overcoming Inaccessibility: A Rural Development Model in Mountainous Area of Turkey. Mountain Research and Development, 24(4): 307-311.
• Travis, W.R. 2007. New Geographies of the American West: Land Use and the Changing Patterns of Place. Island Press, Washington D.C. Zoğal, V., Emekli, G. (2018). Urla’da (İzmir) İkinci Konutların Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 5(1): 189-204.