Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

HISTORICAL FIGURES OF ARMENIAN DESCENT IN THE MUGHAL [INDO-TURKIC ISLAMIC EMPIRE] PALACE

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 19 - 32, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.61134/audodilder.1489327

Abstract

Some sources date back to the first contact of Armenians with Indian geography until the Indian expedition of Alexander. In the history of the Middle Ages, it is known that the first mass arrival of Armenians, who had become famous for their mercantile skills, to the Indian subcontinent took place around the XVII century, i.e., during the Mughal era. This study provides a descriptive analysis of the emergence of bilateral relations with a deep-rooted history in the era of the Mughal (Indo-Turkic Islamic) Empire. In this context, historical figures of Armenian descent who served in high positions in the Mughal court or were even honored with imperial titles are discussed.
These historical figures are Prince John Philip Bourbon, Captain William Hawkins, interpreter Domingo Pires, Mirza Zulkarneyn, and Mariam (Maryam) Zamani Begum. Prince John Philip Bourbon, a member of the French royal family of Armenian descent who had been exiled to India, served the Mughal dynasty in high positions at Akbar's court. William Hawkins was an agent of the British East India Company and captain of the first ship to dock in Surat, India. Domingo Pires, who had served as a translator and interpreter at the Mughal court, was personally appointed by Akbar to attend the negotiations with the Portuguese in Goa. Mirza Zulkarneyn and Mariam Zamani Begum held higher positions in the Mughal court than the others. While Zulkarneyn, as a member of the divan raised in the harem, served as faujdar and governor, Mariam Zamani Begum is known as the chief queen of Akbar. Although claims about her descent and religion differ, for this study the views in the literature that she was of Armenian descent will be emphasized. Thus, with this study, in which we present a cross-section of the Mughal era, we have attempted to provide a historical background to Indo-Armenian relations from the perspective of the discipline of Area Studies, as it reflects the development of present-day India-Armenia bilateral relations in the historical process

References

  • Bilal, Fakhar, Mujeeb Ahmad, & Robina Yasmin. (2020). Mansabdari System and Downfall of the Mughal Empire. Journal of Historical Studies, 6, 199-218.
  • Bournoutian, George A. (2006). A Concise History of the Armenian People. California: Mazda Publishers.
  • Çoruk, Fatma Jale Gül. (2023a). Indian Armenians from the Past to the Present. Review of Armenian Studies, 48, 85-108.
  • Çoruk, Fatma Jale Gül. (2023b). Geçmişten Günümüze Hindistan Ermenileri. Türkiye’de Hindistan Çalışmaları-II, Ankara: Ankara University Press, 109-121.
  • Çoruk, Fatma Jale Gül. (2024). Ermeni Aydınlanma Hareketlerinde Hindistan Ermenilerinin Yeri ve Madras Grubu'nun Faaliyetleri. Türk-Ermeni İlişkileri Üzerine Ömer Engin Lütem Konferansları 2023, Ankara: Terazi Publishing, 1-16.
  • Hassan, Basharat. (2018). Mughal City: An Economic Profile of Broach. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 23, 94-99.
  • Hussain, Ruquia K. (2005). Armenian, Iranian and Turkish Merchants in India 1550- 1800. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Department of History.
  • Guenther, A. M. (2017). Christians and Muslims in Mughal India. In Routledge Handbook on Christian-Muslim Relations (ss. 227-238). Routledge.
  • Islam, Sirajul. (2012). Nawab. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Malcolm, John. (1823). A Memoir of Central India. London.
  • Markovits, Claude. (2004). A History of Modern India, 1480-1950. Anthem Press.
  • Mkrtchyan, Naira. (2005). Indian settlement in Armenia and Armenian settlements in India and South Asia. Indian Historical Review, 32(2), 64-87.
  • Kocharian, A. (2008). Armenia-India Relations Through History. Himalayan and Central Asian Studies, 12(2), 3.
  • Panossian, Razmik. (2006). The Armenians from Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars. London: Hurst & Company Publishers.
  • Seth, M. Jacob. (1937). Armenians in India from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Calcutta.
  • Sircar, J. (1983). Armenians: Merchant-Princes of the Past. The Sunday Telegraph.
  • Singh, S. (1988). The Jesuits and Their Activities in the City of Lahore. In Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 49, 249-256.
  • Richardson, H. E. (1981). Armenians in India and Tibet.
  • Wortman, Miles L. (1982). The Indian Under the Later Bourbons. In Government and Society in Central America, 1680–1840. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 172-183.

BABÜR [HİNT-TÜRK İSLAM İMPARATORLUĞU] SARAYINDAKİ ERMENİ ASILLI TARİHÎ ŞAHSİYETLER

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 19 - 32, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.61134/audodilder.1489327

Abstract

Ermenilerin Hint coğrafyasıyla ilk temaslarının, İskender’in Hindistan seferine kadar geriye gittiğini ileri süren kaynaklar mevcuttur. Orta Çağ tarihinde ise tüccarlık meziyetleriyle tanınır hale gelmiş olan Ermenilerin, topluluklar halinde Hint alt kıtasına gelişlerinin yaklaşık olarak XVII. yüzyıl yani Babürlüler çağında gerçekleşmiş olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada köklü bir geçmişe sahip ikili münasebetlerin Babür (Hint-Türk İslam) İmparatorluğu çağındaki görünümü deskriptif bir yöntemle ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Babür sarayında üst düzey makamlarda görev yapmış ya da hatta imparatorluk unvanlarına layık görülmüş olan Ermeni asıllı tarihî şahsiyetler konu edilmiştir.
Bu tarihî kişilikler Prens John Philip Bourbon, Kaptan William Hawkins, Tercüman Domingo Pires, Mirza Zulkarneyn ve Mariam (Meryem) Zamani Begum’dür. Hindistan’a sürgün edilmiş olan Ermeni asıllı Fransız kraliyet ailesi mensubu Prens John Philip Bourbon, Ekber’in sarayında üst düzey mevkilerde Babür hanedanlığına hizmet etmiştir. William Hawkins, İngiliz Doğu Hindistan Şirketi'nin bir temsilcisi ve Hindistan’ın Surat şehrine demirleyen ilk geminin kaptanıdır. Babür sarayında tercüman olarak görev yapmış olan Domingo Pires, Ekber tarafından Goa’daki Portekizlilerle yapılacak olan görüşmelere katılmak üzere görevlendirilmiştir. Mirza Zulkarneyn ve Meryem (Mariam) Zamani Begum’ün Babür sarayındaki makamları ise diğerlerine göre daha üst düzeydedir. Zulkarneyn, haremde yetişmiş bir divan üyesi olarak faujdar ve valilik görevlerinde bulunmuşken Meryem Zamani Begum ise Ekber’in baş kraliçesi olarak bilinmektedir. Soyu ve dini hususundaki iddialar birbirinden farklı olsa da çalışmamız kapsamında, literatürdeki Ermeni soylu olduğu yönündeki görüşler üzerinde durulmuştur. Sonuç olarak günümüz Hindistan-Ermenistan ikili ilişkilerinin tarihsel süreçteki gelişimini yansıtması sebebiyle, Babürlüler çağındaki boyutundan bir kesit sunduğumuz bu çalışmayla; Alan Çalışmaları disiplini perspektifinden Hint-Ermeni münasebetlerine tarihsel bir arka plan oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.

References

  • Bilal, Fakhar, Mujeeb Ahmad, & Robina Yasmin. (2020). Mansabdari System and Downfall of the Mughal Empire. Journal of Historical Studies, 6, 199-218.
  • Bournoutian, George A. (2006). A Concise History of the Armenian People. California: Mazda Publishers.
  • Çoruk, Fatma Jale Gül. (2023a). Indian Armenians from the Past to the Present. Review of Armenian Studies, 48, 85-108.
  • Çoruk, Fatma Jale Gül. (2023b). Geçmişten Günümüze Hindistan Ermenileri. Türkiye’de Hindistan Çalışmaları-II, Ankara: Ankara University Press, 109-121.
  • Çoruk, Fatma Jale Gül. (2024). Ermeni Aydınlanma Hareketlerinde Hindistan Ermenilerinin Yeri ve Madras Grubu'nun Faaliyetleri. Türk-Ermeni İlişkileri Üzerine Ömer Engin Lütem Konferansları 2023, Ankara: Terazi Publishing, 1-16.
  • Hassan, Basharat. (2018). Mughal City: An Economic Profile of Broach. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 23, 94-99.
  • Hussain, Ruquia K. (2005). Armenian, Iranian and Turkish Merchants in India 1550- 1800. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Department of History.
  • Guenther, A. M. (2017). Christians and Muslims in Mughal India. In Routledge Handbook on Christian-Muslim Relations (ss. 227-238). Routledge.
  • Islam, Sirajul. (2012). Nawab. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Malcolm, John. (1823). A Memoir of Central India. London.
  • Markovits, Claude. (2004). A History of Modern India, 1480-1950. Anthem Press.
  • Mkrtchyan, Naira. (2005). Indian settlement in Armenia and Armenian settlements in India and South Asia. Indian Historical Review, 32(2), 64-87.
  • Kocharian, A. (2008). Armenia-India Relations Through History. Himalayan and Central Asian Studies, 12(2), 3.
  • Panossian, Razmik. (2006). The Armenians from Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars. London: Hurst & Company Publishers.
  • Seth, M. Jacob. (1937). Armenians in India from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Calcutta.
  • Sircar, J. (1983). Armenians: Merchant-Princes of the Past. The Sunday Telegraph.
  • Singh, S. (1988). The Jesuits and Their Activities in the City of Lahore. In Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 49, 249-256.
  • Richardson, H. E. (1981). Armenians in India and Tibet.
  • Wortman, Miles L. (1982). The Indian Under the Later Bourbons. In Government and Society in Central America, 1680–1840. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 172-183.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Indian Language, Literature and Culture, World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yalçin Kayalı 0000-0002-4917-3530

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date May 24, 2024
Acceptance Date May 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kayalı, Y. (2024). HISTORICAL FIGURES OF ARMENIAN DESCENT IN THE MUGHAL [INDO-TURKIC ISLAMIC EMPIRE] PALACE. Doğu Dilleri Dergisi, 9(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.61134/audodilder.1489327