İş Performansının Bir Boyutu Olarak Uyumsal Performans: Kuramsal Bir Çerçeve

Year 2020, Volume: 53 Issue: 1, 301 - 328, 01.04.2020

Ümit Dilekçi , Şenay Sezgin Nartgün

https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.560443

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, uyumsal
performans kavramını kuramsal açıdan incelemektir. Bu amaçla çalışmada ilk önce
iş performansına ve iş performansının boyutları arasında yer alan görev
performansı, bağlamsal performans ve üretkenlik karşıtı performans kavramlarına
kısaca değinilmiş, ardından uyumsal
performans kavramı ele alınmıştır. Alanyazın incelendiğinde uyumsal
performansın sıklıkla değişim ve uyum yeteneği kavramlarıyla birlikte ele
alındığı, uyumsal performansın ortaya çıkışına ve gelişimsel sürecine yer verilerek
iş performansının diğer boyutlarıyla olan farklılıklarının vurgulandığı ve bu
bağlamda uyumsal performans kavramının tanımlandığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle çalışmada
öncelikle uyumsal performans kavramı değişim,
uyum yeteneği, uyumsal performansın ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimsel süreci, uyumsal performansı tanımlayabilme olmak
üzere dört başlık altında incelenmiştir. Daha sonra çalışmada uyumsal
performansın alt boyutları olarak değerlendirilen kavramların açıklanmasına yer
verilmiştir. Tartışma ve sonuç bölümünde ise uyumsal performans kavramı,
öğretmenler ve eğitim kurumları bağlamında ele alınarak tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Performans, iş performansı, uyumsal performans, öğretmen

Adaptive Performance as a Dimension of Job Performance: A Theoretical Framework

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the concept of adaptive performance within a
theoretical perspective. For this purpose, job
performance was first mentioned and the concepts of task performance,
contextual performance and counterproductive performance, which are among the dimensions of job
performance, were briefly mentioned, and then the concept of the adaptive
performance was discussed. When the literature is examined, it is seen that
adaptive performance is frequently discussed together with the concepts of
change and adaptability, and by referring to the emergence and the
developmental process of adaptive performance, the difference between adaptive
performance and other dimensions of job performance is emphasized and adaptive
performance is defined. Therefore, the concept of adaptive performance in the
study is examined under four subtitles as change,
adaptability, the emergence of adaptive performance and developmental process, defining
adaptive performance. Then, the concepts that are evaluated as sub-dimensions
of adaptive performance were explained. In discussion and conclusion, the term
adaptive performance is handled in the context of educational organizations and
the teaching profession.

Keywords

Performance, job performance, adaptive performance, teacher

References

• Akbaba, S. (2006). Eğitimde motivasyon. Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13, 343-361.
• Allworth, E., & Hesketh, B. (1999). Construct-oriented biodata: Capturing change-related and contextually relevant future performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 7(2), 97-111.
• Baard, S. K., Rench, T. A., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2014). Performance adaptation: A theoretical integration and review. Journal of Management, 40, 48-99. doi: 10.1177/0149206313488210
• Baek-Kyoo, J. & Lim, J. T. (2009). The effects of organizational learning culture, perceived job complexity, and proactive personality on organizational commitment and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 16(1), 48-60.
• Bağcı, Z. (2014). Çalışanların iş doyumunun görev ve bağlamsal performansları üzerindeki etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 24, 58-72. doi: 10.11611/JMER534
• Bell, B. S., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2002). Adaptive guidance: Enhancing self-regulation, knowledge, and performance in technology-based training. Personnel Psychology, 55(2), 267-306.
• Bell, B. S., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2008). Active learning: Effects of core training design elements on self-regulatory processes, learning, and adaptability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 296-316.
• Bergman, M. E., Donovan, M. A., Drasgow, F., Overton, R. C., & Henning, J. B. (2008). Test of Motowidlo et al.’s (1997) theory of individual differences in task and interpersonal performance. Human Performance, 21(3), 227-253. doi: 10.1080/08959280802137606
• Bhat, S. A., & Beri, A. (2016). Development and validation of teachers perceived job performance scale (TPJP) in higher education. Man in India, 96(4), 935-944.
• Blickle, G., Kramer, J., Schneider, P. B., Meurs, J. A., Ferris, G. R., Mierke, J., Witzki, A. H., & Momm, T. D. (2011). Role of political skill in job performance prediction beyond general mental ability and personality in cross-sectional and predictive studies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(2), 488-514.
• Borman, W. C, & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. Personnel Selection in Organizations içinde N. Schmitt & W. Borman (Eds.), San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 71-98.
• Borman, W. C, & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10(2), 99-109.
• Büyükgöze, H. ve Özdemir, M. (2017). İş doyumu ile öğretmen performansı ilişkisinin duygusal olaylar kuramı çerçevesinde incelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (1), 311-325. doi: 10.17679/inuefd.30704
• Calarco, H. N. (2016). Measuring the Relationship between Adaptive Performance and Job Satisfaction. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Middle Tennessee State University, USA.
• Charbonnier-Voirin, A., El Akremi, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2010). A multilevel model of transformational leadership and adaptive performance and the moderating role of climate for innovation. Group & Organization Management, 35(6), 699-726. doi: 10.1177/1059601110390833
• Charbonnier-Voirin, A., & Roussel, P. (2012). Adaptive performance: A new scale to measure individual performance in organizations. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 29(3), 280-293. doi: 10.1002/CJAS.232
• Ciccarelli, S. K. & White, J. N. (2016). Psikoloji: Bir keşif gezintisi. (Çev. Ed. Deniz Nafia ŞAHİN). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., & Wesson, M. J. (2015). Organizational behavior: Improving performance commitment in the workplace (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
• Cook, A. L. (2008). Job satisfaction and job performance: Is the relationship spurious? Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Texas A & M University, Texas.
• Demircioğlu, E. ve Özdemir, M. (2014). Üretim karşıtı iş davranışları ölçeğinin eğitim örgütlerinde geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 20(2), 173-190. doi: 10.14527/kuey.2014.008
• Demirel, Y. (2009). Örgütsel bağlılık ve üretkenlik karşıtı davranışlar arasındaki ilişkiye kavramsal yaklaşım. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(15), 115-132.
• Devonish, D., & Greenidge, D., (2010). The effect of organizational justice on contextual performance, counterproductive work behaviors, and task performance: Investigating the moderating role of ability-based emotional intelligence. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 18(1), 75-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2010.00490.x
• Dorsey, D., Cortina, J., & Luchman, J. (2010). Adaptive and citizenship-related behaviors at work. In J. Farr, & N. Tippins (Eds.), Handbook of Employee Selection (463-487). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
• Eroğlu, F. (2000). Davranış bilimleri (5. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Basım.
• Gerrig, R. J., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2013). Psikolojiye giriş: Psikoloji ve yaşam. (Çev.:Gamze Sart), Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
• Ghitulescu, B. E. (2013). Making change happen: The impact of work context on adaptive and proactive behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 49(2), 206-245. doi: 10.1177/0021886312469254
• Griffin, B., & Hesketh, B. (2003). Adaptable behaviours for successful work and career adjustment. Australian Journal of Psychology, 55(2), 65-73.
• Griffin, B., & Hesketh, B. (2004). Why openness to experience is not a good predictor of job performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 12(3), 243-251.
• Griffin, B., & Hesketh, B. (2005). Are conscientious workers adaptable? Australian Journal of Management, 30(2), 245-259.
• Griffin, M., Neal, A., & Parker, S. (2007). A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 327-347.
• Griffin, M., Parker, S., & Mason, C. (2010). Leader vision and the development of adaptive and proactive performance: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 174-182.
• Gürbüz, S. ve Ayhan, Ö. (2017). Lidere yakın olmanın dayanılmaz hafifliği: Lider-üye etkileşimi, görev performansı, tecrübe ve terfi edebilirlik arasındaki ilişkilerin testi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 32(80), 1-19.
• Han, T. Y., & Williams K. J. (2008). Multilevel investigation of adaptive performance: Individual and team level relationships. Group & Organization Management, 33(6), 657-684. doi: 10.1177/1059601108326799
• Hattrup, K., O'Connell, M. S., & Wingate, P. H. (1998). Prediction of mulitdimensional criteria: Distinguishing task and contextual performance. Human Performance, 11(4), 305-319. doi: 10.1207/s15327043hup1104_1
• Hesketh, B., & Neal, A. (1999). Technology and performance. In Ilgen, D. R. & Pulakos, E. D. (Eds.). The changing nature of performance: Implications for staffing, motivation, and development. Frontiers of industrial and organizational psychology (1st ed.,21-25). San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc.
• Huang, J. L., Ryan, A. M., Zabel, K. L., & Palmer, A. (2014). Personality and adaptive performance at work: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 162-179. doi: 10.1037/a0034285
• Jawahar, I. M. ve D. Carr (2007). Conscientiousness and contextual performance: The compensatory effects of perceived organizational support and leader-mem¬ber exchange. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(4), 330-349.
• Johari, J., & Yahya, Y. Y. (2012). An assessment of the reliability and validity of job performance measurement. Jurnal Pengurusan, 36, 17-3.
• Johnson, J. W. (2001). The relative importance of task and contextual performance dimensions to supervisor judgments of overall performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 984-996.
• Joung, W., Hesketh, B., & Neal, A. (2006). Using “war stories” to train for adaptive performance: Is it better to learn from error or success? Applied Psychology, 55 (2), 282-302. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00244.x
• Jundt, D. K., Shoss, M., & Huang J. L. (2014). Individual adaptive performance in organizations: A review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 53-71. doi: 10.1002/job.1955
• Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C., Allard, J., & Henrica C.W. (2013). Development of an individual work performance questionnaire. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 62(1), 6-28. doi: 10.1108/17410401311285273
• Lang, J. W. B., & Bliese, P. D. (2009). General mental ability and two types of adaptation to unforeseen change: Applying discontinuous growth models to the task-change paradigm. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 411-28. doi: 10.1037/a0013803
• LePine, J. A., Colquitt, J. A., & Erez, A. (2000). Adaptability to changing task contexts: Effects of general cognitive ability, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Personnel Psychology, 53, 563-593.
• Lillard, R. M., Watts, L. L., Frame, M. C., Hein, M. B., Rigdon, W. D., & Orsak-Robinson, K. (2012). Initial development and validation of a measure of adaptive performance. Poster Presented at the 27th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial / Organizational Psychology, San Diego, CA.
• Marlow, K. (2016). The Difference between Coping and Winning: The Relationships of Adaptive Performance, Engagement, and Conscientiousness. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Middle Tennessee State University.
• Marlow, K. K., Calarco, H. N., Frame, M. C., & Hein, M. B., (2015). Building a better adaptive performance measure: Factor analysis and scale validation. Poster Presented at the 11th Annual River Cities Industrial / Organizational Psychology Conference, Chattanooga, TN.
• Motowildo, S. J., Borman, W. C., & Schmit, M. J. (1997). A theory of individual differences in task and contextual performance. Human Performance, 10(2), 71-83. doi: 10.1207/s15327043hup1002_1
• Motowidlo, S., & Van Scotter, J. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475-480.
• Neal, A., Yeo, G., Koy, A., & Xiao, T. (2012). Predicting the form and direction of work role performance from the big 5 model of personality traits. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 175-192. doi: 10.1002/job.742
• Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2009). How broadly does education contribute to job performance. Personnel Psychology, 62(1), 89-134. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.01130.x
• Onay, M. (2011). Çalışanın sahip olduğu duygusal zekâsının ve duygusal emeğinin, görev performansı ve bağlamsal performans üzerindeki etkisi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(4), 587-600.
• Özdemir, M. ve Demircioglu, E. (2015). The relationship between counterproductive work behaviours and psychological contracts in public high schools. Çukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 45(1), 41-60. doi: 10.14812/cufej.2015.003
• Ployhart, R. E., & Bliese, P. D. (2006). Individual adaptability (I-ADAPT) theory: Conceptualizing the antecedents, consequences, and measurement of individual differences in adaptability. In C. S. Burke, L. Pierce, & E. Salas (Eds.), Understanding adaptability: A prerequisite for effective performance within complex environments: 3-39. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
• Polatçı, S., Özçalık, F. ve Cindiloğlu, M. (2014). Üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışı ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde kişi-örgüt uyumunun etkileri. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 1-12.
• Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: Development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 612-624. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.612
• Pulakos, E. D., Schmitt, N., Dorsey, D. W., Arad, S., Borman, W. C., & Hedge, J. W. (2002). Predicting adaptive performance: Further tests of a model of adaptability. Human Performance, 15, 299-323. doi: 10.1207/ S15327043HUP 1504_01
• Robbins, S. P. ve Judge, T. A. (2012). Örgütsel davranış (14.Baskı). Çev. İ. Erdem, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Samale, S. L. (2016). Investigating The Factor Structure of Adaptability: A Measure of Adaptive Performance. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Middle Tennessee State University.
• Schrub, E. M., Stegmaier, R., & Sonntag, K. (2011). The effect of change on adaptive performance: Does expressive suppression moderate the indirect effect of strain? Journal of Change Management, 11(1), 21-44. doi: 10.1080/14697017.2010. 514002
• Seçer, H. Ş. ve Seçer, B. (2007). Örgütlerde üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışları: Belirleyicileri ve önlenmesi. TİSK Akademi, 2(4), 147-175.
• Seyfang, E., Frame, M., Jackson, A. T., & Hein, M. (2017). Does a measure of adaptive performance predict in-basket performance? The 13th Annual River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference, Poster Paper, The University of Tennessee.
• Shoss, M. K., Witt, L. A., & Vera, D. (2012). When does adaptive performance lead to higher task performance? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 910-924. doi: 10.1002/job
• Stokes, C. K., Schneider, T. R., & Lyons, J. B. (2010). Adaptive performance: A criterion problem. Team Performance Management, 16(3/4), 212-230, doi: 10.1108/13527591011053278
• Şahin, F. ve Gürbüz, S. (2014). Cultural intelligence as a predictor of individuals' adaptive performance: A study in a multicultural environment. International Area Studies Review, 17, 394-413. doi: 10.1177/2233865914550727
• Tucker, J. S., Gunther, K. M., Pleban, R. J., Goodwin, G. A., & Vaughan, A. (2007). The application of a model of adaptive performance to army leader behaviors (ARI Research Report). Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, (DTIC No. ADA 469726).
• Turunç, Ö. (2010). Organizasyonlarda kontrol algılamalarının örgütsel özdeşleşme ve iş performansına etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 11 (1), 251-269.
• Van den Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2013). Adapting to change: The value of change information and meaning-making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(1), 11-21. doi: 10.1016/jvb.2013.02.004
• Van Scotter, J. R. & Motowidlo, S. J. (1996). Interpersonal facilitation and job dedication as separate facets of contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(5), 525-531. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.5.525
• Varela, O. E., & Landis, R. S. (2010). A general structure of job performance: Evidence from two studies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(4), 625-638. doi: 10.1007/s10869-010-9155-8
• Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (2005). Job performance: Assessment issues in personel selection. In A. Evers, N. Anderson and O. Voskuijl (Eds. ), The Blackwell Handbook of Personnel Selection, 354-375, Oxford, UK.
• White, S. S., Mueller-Hanson, R. A., Dorsey, D. W., Pulakos, E. D., Wisecarver, M. M., Deagle, E. A., & Medini, K. G. (2005). Developing adaptive proficiency in special forces officers (Research Rep. No. 1831). Arlington, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
• Yusoff, R. B. M., Ali, A. M., & Khan, A. (2014). Assessing reliability and validity of job performance scale among university teachers. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 4(1), 35-41.
• Yusoff, R. B. M., Khan, A., & Azam, K. (2013). Job stress, performance and emotional intelligence in academia. Journal of Basic and Applied Science Resesearch, 3(6), 1-8.
• Zorzie, M. (2012). Individual Adaptability: Testing a Model of its Development and Outcomes. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.