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The Jewish Scholar Saʿd b. Manṣ - nubuwwah

Year 2017, , 47 - 67, 01.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001461

Abstract

nubuwwah In medieval times, the Middle East region, where the believers of different religions, Judaism Christianity, and Islam, lived together, also prepared a setting for the education and training of scholars actively engaged with each other and for the emergence of a shared accumulation of knowledge. In thirteenth century, the Jewish scholar Ibn Kammūna, who was known for his studies on philosophical matters contributed to this knowledge by composing several works under the influence of Islam. One of the rare works outside the scope of philosophy is Tanqīḥ al-Abḥāth li-l-Milal al-Thalāth. Even though the interreligious works of that age are often polemical, Tanqīḥ al-Abḥāth draws attention with its content that containing objective information about Christianity and Islam. This study offers, based on the content of this particular work, an examination of the proofs of Muslim scholars about the passages in Torah and Bible interpreted to be heralding the advent of the Prophet Muhammad (bashā iru’nnubuvve) and an evaluation of the responses and criticims Ibn Kammūna levels against the proofs of Muslim scholars

References

  • Adang, Camilla. Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Ḥazm. Leiden: Brill, 1996.
  • Ayğan, Fadıl. “Hz. Peygamber’in Nübüvvetini Kanıtlama Açısından Beşāirü’n- Nübüvve,” Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 2011.
  • el-Bīrūnī, Ebū Reyḥān Muḥammed b. Aḥmed. el-Ās̱ āru’l-Bāḳiye ani’l-Ḳurūni’l- Ḫāliye. Ed. Eduard Sachau. Leipzig: Brockhaus,1898.
  • el-Ca ferī, Ebū’l-Bekā Ṣāliḥ b. el-Ḥuseyn. er-Red ale’n-Naṣārā. Tah. Muḥammed Muḥammed Ḥaseneyn. Kahire: Dāru’t-Tevfīḳi’n-Nemūẕeciyye, 1988.
  • Gaon, Saadya. Kitābu’l-Emānāt ve’l-İ tiḳādāt. ed. S. Landaver. Leiden: Brill, 1880.
  • Göregen, Mustafa. Müslüman Yahudi Polemikleri. İstanbul: Hikmetevi Yayınları, 2014.
  • Griffith, Sidney. “Ibn al-Maḥrūmah’s Notes on Ibn Kammūnah’s Examination of the Three Religions: The Issue of the Abrogation of the Mosaic Law,” Ryan Szpiech (ed.), Medieval Exegesis & Religious Difference Commentary, Conflict and Community in the Premodern Meditrranean (New York: Fordham Universirty Press, 2015) içinde, ss.40-57.
  • İbn Ḥazm, Ebū Muḥammed Alī b. Aḥmed b. Sa īd. Kitābu’l-Faṣl fī’l-Milel ve’l- Ehvā i ve’n-Niḥal. tah. Muḥammed İbrāhīm Naṣr & Abdurraḥmān
  • Umeyra. Beyrūt: Dāru’l-Cīl, 1996.
  • ---------. el-Uṣūl ve’l-Furū . Tah. Abdulḥaḳḳ et-Turkmānī. Beyrūt: Dāru İbn Ḥazm, 2011.
  • İbn Kemmūne, Sa d b. Manṣūr. Sa d bin Manṣūr Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Inquiries into the Three Faiths. A Thirteenth-Century Essay in Comparative Religion. Ed. Moshe Perlmann. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1967.
  • ---------. Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Three Faiths. A Thirteenth-Century Essay in the Comparative Study of Religion. Trans. with intro. Moshe Perlmann. Berkeley ve diğer yerler: University of California Press, 1971.
  • ---------. Kitābun Ḳutile Kātibuhu, Dirāse, Ta līḳ ve Taḥḳīḳ li Tenḳīḥi’l-Ebḥās li’l- Mileli’s̠ -Selās̠, Te līfu Sa d b. Mansūr İbn Kemmūne (ö.683). Tah. Levis Ṣalība. Lubnān: Dāru ve Mektebetu B bliyūn, 2013.
  • İbnu’l-Leys̱, Ebū’r-Rabī Muḥammed. Risāletu Ebī’r-Rabī . Tah. Ḫālid Muḥammed
  • Abduh. Giza: Mektebetu’n-Nāfiẕe, 2006.
  • İbn Ẓafer, Muḥammed b. Abdullāh. Ḫayru’l-Bişer bi-Ḫayri’l-Beşer. Tah. Alī Aḥmed Abdul āl. Beyrūt: Dāru’l-Kutubi’l- İlmiyye, 2010.
  • el-Ḳarāfī, Şihābuddīn Ebū’l- Abbās. el-Ecvibetu’l-Fāḫira ani’l-Es ileti’l-Fācira. tah. Bekr Zekī Avḍ. Byy, 1987.
  • el-Ḳirḳisānī, Ya ḳūb. Kitāb al-Anwār wa al-Marāqib Code of Karaite Law. Tah. Leon Nemoy. New York: The Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation, c. 1: 1939; c.2: 1940.
  • el-Ḳurṭubī, Ebū Abdillāh Muḥammed b. Aḥmed b. Ebī Bekr b. Ferh. el-İ lām. Tah. Aḥmed Ḥicāzī es-Seḳḳā. Byy: Dāru’t-Turās̱ i’l- Arabī, tsz.
  • Langerman, Tzvi. “Ibn Kammūna, Sa’d al-Dīn,” Encyclopedia of Islam, ss.1-8.
  • el-MaŞribī, es-Semev el b. Yaḥyā b. Abbās. İfhāmu’l-Yehūd ve Ḳiṣṣatu İslāmi’s- Semev el ve Ru yāhu. Tah. Moshe Perlmann. New York: Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, 1964.
  • ---------. Samaw al al-Maghribī’s (d.570/1175) Ifhām al-Yahūd: The Early Recension. Ed. Ibrahim Marazka, Reza Pourjavady, Sabine Schmidtke. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2006.
  • el-Maḳdisī, Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir. Le livre de la création et de l’histoire (Kitābu’l-Bed ve’t-Tārīḫ). Ed. Clement Huart. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1916.
  • Meral, Yasin. “İbn Meymūn’un Yemen Mektubu,” AÜİFD 54:2 (2013), ss.1-48.
  • ---------. “Orta Çağ Karaī Bilginlerinin İslam Eleştirisi: Yakup el-Kirkisānī Örneği,” Dini Araştırmalar 17:45 (2014), ss.93-114.
  • ---------. “Yahudi Bilgin Saadya Gaon’un (ö.942) Eserlerinde İslamî Unsurlar,” Belleten 80:287 (2016), ss.23-40.
  • ---------. Yahudi Düşüncesinde İslam Algısı. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2017.
  • Perlmann, Moshe. “Ibn al-Maḥrūma Christian opponent of Ibn Kammūna,” Harry Austryn Wolfson Jubilee Volume on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday (Jerusalem: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1965) içinde, ss.641-665.
  • ---------. “Proving Muḥammad’s Prophethood, A Muslim Critique of Ibn Kammūna,” ed. M. Zohori, A. Tartakover & H. Ormian. Hagut Ivrit Ba’Amerika: Studies on Jewish Themes by Contemporary American Scholars (Tel Aviv: Brit İvrit Olamit, Yavneh Publishing House, 1974) içinde, ss.75-97.
  • Pourjavady, Reza & Sabine Schmidtke. A Jewish Philosopher of Baghdad Izz al- Dawla Ibn Kammūna (d.683/1284) and His Writings. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
  • er-Rāzī, Faḫruddīn. Muḥaṣṣalu Efkāri’l-Muteḳaddimīn ve’l-Mute aḫḫirīn. Kahire, 1905.
  • Roggema, Barbara. “Jewish-Christian Debate in a Muslim Context: Ibn al- Maḥrūma’s Notes to Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Inquiries into the Three Faiths,” H. Vanstiphout (ed.), All those nations ... Cultural encounters within and with the Near East (Groningen: Styx, 1999) içinde, ss.131-139.
  • ---------. “Epistomology as Polemics: Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Apolegetics of the Three Faith,” Barbara Roggema, Marcel Poorthuis, Pim Valkenberg (ed.), The Three Rings Textual Studies in the Historical Trialogue of Judaism, Christianity and Islam (Leuven-Dudley, MA: Peeters, 2005) içinde, ss.47-68.
  • ---------. “Ibn Kammūna’s and Ibn al- Ibrī’s Responses to Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Proofs of Muḥammed’s Prophethood,” Sabine Schmidtke (ed.), Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 2 (Leiden: Brill: 2014) içinde, ss.193-213.
  • Schimdtke, Sabine. “Studies on Sa d b. Manṣūr Ibn Kammūna (d.683/1284): Beginings, Achievements and Perspectives,” Persica: Annual of the Dutch- Iranian Society 19 (2003), ss.107-123.
  • ---------. “The Muslim Reception of Biblical Materials: Ibn Qutayba and His A lām al-Nubuwwa,” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 22:3 (2011), ss.249- 274.
  • Swanson, Mark N. “Ibn al-Maḥrūma,” David Thomas, Alex Mallett (ed.), Christian- Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2003) içinde, ss.63-66.
  • eṭ-Ṭaberī, Alī b. Rabben. Kitābu’d-Dīn ve’d-Devle. Tah. Ādil Nuveyhaḍ. Beyrūt: Dāru’l- Āfāḳi’l-Cedīde, 1973.
  • eṭ-Ṭaberī, Muḥammed b. Cerīr. Ṭāriḫu’t-Ṭaberī. Tah. Ebū Suheyb el-Ḳarmī. Riyaḍ: Beytu’l-Efkāri’d-Devliyye, tsz.
  • ---------. Hz. Muhammed’in (sav) Peygamberliğinin Delilleri (Kitabu’d-Din ve’d- Devle Çevirisi). Terc. Fuat Aydın. İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 2012.
  • Topaloğlu, Aydın. “İbn Kemmūne,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, c.20, ss.127-129.

Yahudi Âlim Sa d b. Manṣūr İbn Kemmūne’nin beşā iru’n-nubuvve ile İlgili Görüşleri

Year 2017, , 47 - 67, 01.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001461

Abstract

Orta Çağ’da İslam, Hıristiyanlık ve Yahudilik gibi dinlerin müntesiplerinin bir arada yaşadığı Ortadoğu coğrafyası, birbiriyle etkileşim halinde olan âlimlerin yetişmesine ve ortak bir düşünce birikiminin oluşmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. 13. yüzyılda bilhassa felsefe üzerine yaptığı çalışmalarla bilinen Yahudi âlim İbn Kemmūne İslam’ın tesirinde kalarak kaleme aldığı kimi eserlerle bu birikime çok yönlü bir şekilde katkıda bulunmuştur. Onun, felsefe alanı dışında kaleme aldığı az sayıdaki eserlerinden biri Tenḳīḥu’l-Ebḥās̱i’l-Mileli’s̱-S̱elās̱’tır. Farklı din mensuplarının birbirleri hakkında yazdıkları eserlerin, genellikle reddiye niteliği taşıdığı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, Tenḳīḥu’l-Ebḥās̱ Hıristiyanlık ve İslam hakkında objektif bilgilere yer vermesi bakımından ayrıca dikkat çekici bir eserdir. Ancak Tevrat’tan ve İncillerden Hz. Muhammed’in nübüvvetinin müjdelenmesi olarak kabul edilen pasajlardan belli bölümlere yer veren bu eserin, Tevrat metinlerine Yahudi bakış açısıyla, İncil metinlerine de Hıristiyan gözüyle cevaplar vermesi bakımından daüç din arasındaki reddiye geleneğinin özeti mahiyetinde görülebilir. Bu çalışmada, bu eser merkeze alınmak suretiyle, Hz. Muhammed’in nübüvveti konusunda Müslüman âlimlerin beşā iru’n-nubuvve kapsamında ileri sürdükleri deliller incelenmekte ve İbn Kemmūne’nin Müslüman alimlerin iddialarına yönelik cevapları ve eleştirileri değerlendirilmektedir

References

  • Adang, Camilla. Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Ḥazm. Leiden: Brill, 1996.
  • Ayğan, Fadıl. “Hz. Peygamber’in Nübüvvetini Kanıtlama Açısından Beşāirü’n- Nübüvve,” Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 2011.
  • el-Bīrūnī, Ebū Reyḥān Muḥammed b. Aḥmed. el-Ās̱ āru’l-Bāḳiye ani’l-Ḳurūni’l- Ḫāliye. Ed. Eduard Sachau. Leipzig: Brockhaus,1898.
  • el-Ca ferī, Ebū’l-Bekā Ṣāliḥ b. el-Ḥuseyn. er-Red ale’n-Naṣārā. Tah. Muḥammed Muḥammed Ḥaseneyn. Kahire: Dāru’t-Tevfīḳi’n-Nemūẕeciyye, 1988.
  • Gaon, Saadya. Kitābu’l-Emānāt ve’l-İ tiḳādāt. ed. S. Landaver. Leiden: Brill, 1880.
  • Göregen, Mustafa. Müslüman Yahudi Polemikleri. İstanbul: Hikmetevi Yayınları, 2014.
  • Griffith, Sidney. “Ibn al-Maḥrūmah’s Notes on Ibn Kammūnah’s Examination of the Three Religions: The Issue of the Abrogation of the Mosaic Law,” Ryan Szpiech (ed.), Medieval Exegesis & Religious Difference Commentary, Conflict and Community in the Premodern Meditrranean (New York: Fordham Universirty Press, 2015) içinde, ss.40-57.
  • İbn Ḥazm, Ebū Muḥammed Alī b. Aḥmed b. Sa īd. Kitābu’l-Faṣl fī’l-Milel ve’l- Ehvā i ve’n-Niḥal. tah. Muḥammed İbrāhīm Naṣr & Abdurraḥmān
  • Umeyra. Beyrūt: Dāru’l-Cīl, 1996.
  • ---------. el-Uṣūl ve’l-Furū . Tah. Abdulḥaḳḳ et-Turkmānī. Beyrūt: Dāru İbn Ḥazm, 2011.
  • İbn Kemmūne, Sa d b. Manṣūr. Sa d bin Manṣūr Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Inquiries into the Three Faiths. A Thirteenth-Century Essay in Comparative Religion. Ed. Moshe Perlmann. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1967.
  • ---------. Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Three Faiths. A Thirteenth-Century Essay in the Comparative Study of Religion. Trans. with intro. Moshe Perlmann. Berkeley ve diğer yerler: University of California Press, 1971.
  • ---------. Kitābun Ḳutile Kātibuhu, Dirāse, Ta līḳ ve Taḥḳīḳ li Tenḳīḥi’l-Ebḥās li’l- Mileli’s̠ -Selās̠, Te līfu Sa d b. Mansūr İbn Kemmūne (ö.683). Tah. Levis Ṣalība. Lubnān: Dāru ve Mektebetu B bliyūn, 2013.
  • İbnu’l-Leys̱, Ebū’r-Rabī Muḥammed. Risāletu Ebī’r-Rabī . Tah. Ḫālid Muḥammed
  • Abduh. Giza: Mektebetu’n-Nāfiẕe, 2006.
  • İbn Ẓafer, Muḥammed b. Abdullāh. Ḫayru’l-Bişer bi-Ḫayri’l-Beşer. Tah. Alī Aḥmed Abdul āl. Beyrūt: Dāru’l-Kutubi’l- İlmiyye, 2010.
  • el-Ḳarāfī, Şihābuddīn Ebū’l- Abbās. el-Ecvibetu’l-Fāḫira ani’l-Es ileti’l-Fācira. tah. Bekr Zekī Avḍ. Byy, 1987.
  • el-Ḳirḳisānī, Ya ḳūb. Kitāb al-Anwār wa al-Marāqib Code of Karaite Law. Tah. Leon Nemoy. New York: The Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation, c. 1: 1939; c.2: 1940.
  • el-Ḳurṭubī, Ebū Abdillāh Muḥammed b. Aḥmed b. Ebī Bekr b. Ferh. el-İ lām. Tah. Aḥmed Ḥicāzī es-Seḳḳā. Byy: Dāru’t-Turās̱ i’l- Arabī, tsz.
  • Langerman, Tzvi. “Ibn Kammūna, Sa’d al-Dīn,” Encyclopedia of Islam, ss.1-8.
  • el-MaŞribī, es-Semev el b. Yaḥyā b. Abbās. İfhāmu’l-Yehūd ve Ḳiṣṣatu İslāmi’s- Semev el ve Ru yāhu. Tah. Moshe Perlmann. New York: Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, 1964.
  • ---------. Samaw al al-Maghribī’s (d.570/1175) Ifhām al-Yahūd: The Early Recension. Ed. Ibrahim Marazka, Reza Pourjavady, Sabine Schmidtke. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2006.
  • el-Maḳdisī, Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir. Le livre de la création et de l’histoire (Kitābu’l-Bed ve’t-Tārīḫ). Ed. Clement Huart. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1916.
  • Meral, Yasin. “İbn Meymūn’un Yemen Mektubu,” AÜİFD 54:2 (2013), ss.1-48.
  • ---------. “Orta Çağ Karaī Bilginlerinin İslam Eleştirisi: Yakup el-Kirkisānī Örneği,” Dini Araştırmalar 17:45 (2014), ss.93-114.
  • ---------. “Yahudi Bilgin Saadya Gaon’un (ö.942) Eserlerinde İslamî Unsurlar,” Belleten 80:287 (2016), ss.23-40.
  • ---------. Yahudi Düşüncesinde İslam Algısı. Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2017.
  • Perlmann, Moshe. “Ibn al-Maḥrūma Christian opponent of Ibn Kammūna,” Harry Austryn Wolfson Jubilee Volume on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday (Jerusalem: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1965) içinde, ss.641-665.
  • ---------. “Proving Muḥammad’s Prophethood, A Muslim Critique of Ibn Kammūna,” ed. M. Zohori, A. Tartakover & H. Ormian. Hagut Ivrit Ba’Amerika: Studies on Jewish Themes by Contemporary American Scholars (Tel Aviv: Brit İvrit Olamit, Yavneh Publishing House, 1974) içinde, ss.75-97.
  • Pourjavady, Reza & Sabine Schmidtke. A Jewish Philosopher of Baghdad Izz al- Dawla Ibn Kammūna (d.683/1284) and His Writings. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
  • er-Rāzī, Faḫruddīn. Muḥaṣṣalu Efkāri’l-Muteḳaddimīn ve’l-Mute aḫḫirīn. Kahire, 1905.
  • Roggema, Barbara. “Jewish-Christian Debate in a Muslim Context: Ibn al- Maḥrūma’s Notes to Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Inquiries into the Three Faiths,” H. Vanstiphout (ed.), All those nations ... Cultural encounters within and with the Near East (Groningen: Styx, 1999) içinde, ss.131-139.
  • ---------. “Epistomology as Polemics: Ibn Kammūna’s Examination of the Apolegetics of the Three Faith,” Barbara Roggema, Marcel Poorthuis, Pim Valkenberg (ed.), The Three Rings Textual Studies in the Historical Trialogue of Judaism, Christianity and Islam (Leuven-Dudley, MA: Peeters, 2005) içinde, ss.47-68.
  • ---------. “Ibn Kammūna’s and Ibn al- Ibrī’s Responses to Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Proofs of Muḥammed’s Prophethood,” Sabine Schmidtke (ed.), Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 2 (Leiden: Brill: 2014) içinde, ss.193-213.
  • Schimdtke, Sabine. “Studies on Sa d b. Manṣūr Ibn Kammūna (d.683/1284): Beginings, Achievements and Perspectives,” Persica: Annual of the Dutch- Iranian Society 19 (2003), ss.107-123.
  • ---------. “The Muslim Reception of Biblical Materials: Ibn Qutayba and His A lām al-Nubuwwa,” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 22:3 (2011), ss.249- 274.
  • Swanson, Mark N. “Ibn al-Maḥrūma,” David Thomas, Alex Mallett (ed.), Christian- Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2003) içinde, ss.63-66.
  • eṭ-Ṭaberī, Alī b. Rabben. Kitābu’d-Dīn ve’d-Devle. Tah. Ādil Nuveyhaḍ. Beyrūt: Dāru’l- Āfāḳi’l-Cedīde, 1973.
  • eṭ-Ṭaberī, Muḥammed b. Cerīr. Ṭāriḫu’t-Ṭaberī. Tah. Ebū Suheyb el-Ḳarmī. Riyaḍ: Beytu’l-Efkāri’d-Devliyye, tsz.
  • ---------. Hz. Muhammed’in (sav) Peygamberliğinin Delilleri (Kitabu’d-Din ve’d- Devle Çevirisi). Terc. Fuat Aydın. İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 2012.
  • Topaloğlu, Aydın. “İbn Kemmūne,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, c.20, ss.127-129.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA47MT24RA
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatıma Betül Taş This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

Chicago Taş, Fatıma Betül. “Yahudi Âlim Sa D B. Manṣūr İbn Kemmūne’nin beşā iru’n-Nubuvve Ile İlgili Görüşleri”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 58, no. 1 (April 2017): 47-67. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001461.

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