Nikah Akdi: İslam Hukukunda Evlilik ile Akit Arasındaki İlişkinin Açıklanması

Year 2022, , 157 - 184, 31.05.2022

Hakime Reyyan Yaşar

https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.975753

Abstract

Çağdaş akademik literatürde nikah akdinin ticari akitlerle olan benzerliği araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmiş ve bu ilgi nikahın akdi boyutunu inceleme ve çözümleme ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Nikah akdinin ne tür bir akit olduğu, ticari akitlerle olan ilişkisi ve evlilik için şer’an önemli bir araç olan akdin mahiyeti fakihler tarafından tartışılmıştır. Ḥanefī ve Şafiʿī mezhebi arasında nikahın akit boyutunun hakikat mi yoksa mecaz mı olduğu sorusu bu tartışmanın somut tezahürü olarak karşımıza çıkar. Çağdaş batı literatürü nikahın akdi boyutunu çözümlemeye çalışırken İslam geleneğinde akit kavramını, akit nazariyesi ve akdin mecazla ilişkisine dair tartışmalar üzerinde durmaz ve nihayetinde bir takım tartışmalı neticelere ulaşır. Bu çalışmanın amacı çağdaş çalışmaları da içerecek şekilde, Ḥanefī mezhebinin nikah akdinde mecazla kurduğu ilişki üzerinden nikah akdi ve ticari akdin irtibatı ve bu irtibattan doğan sorunları ele almaktır.

Keywords

Nikah Akdi, Mecaz, Akit, Metafor, Milk’ul-Mutʿa, Temlik

ʿAqd al-Nikāḥ: Explaining the Nexus Between Marriage and Contract in Islamic Law

Abstract

The combination of marriage and contract (ʿaqd al-nikāḥ) has been one of the interesting subjects for the scholars to be discuss and elaborate. The focus of this attention has been on analysis and understanding of the contractual component of the marriage reflecting a similarity with economic contracts. Recent studies endeavored to explain this nexus; however, they have also neglected to include how contract as a concept operates in Islamic law and beyond, and the discussions between the schools on the metaphoric aspect of the marriage contract. Classical legal scholars elaborated how marriage is represented by contract model, its relation to other economic contracts, and how the contractual aspect of the marriage is articulated. In particular, the argument that the contractual aspect of nikāḥ is partly related to metaphor offers another dimension in exploring the nature of the marriage contract. This study aims to analyse the nexus by including both the discussions on the metaphoric aspect of the marriage contract and the shortcomings in explanations of the contractual component of the marriage contract.

Keywords

ʿAqd al-Nikāḥ, Majāz, Milk al-Mutʿa, Metaphor, ʿAqd, Ownership

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