THE RELIGION-SCIENCE CONFLICT DURING HASKALAH: APPROVAL DOCUMENTS, SCIENCE BOOKS AND THE RABBINIC CLERGY

Year 2018, Volume: 59 Issue: 2, 113 - 138, 30.11.2018

Abdullah Altuncu

Abstract

The emergence and expansion of the printing
house since the 15^th century led to a rapid rise in the book market.
The decisions of the Christian rulers about the published works also affected
the Jews living in these areas. Jews had taken some measures to protect their
own religious beliefs and traditions as well as not to experience conflict with
the rulers of the countries in which they live. One of them was the provision
of the certificate of approval in the publication of Hebrew books. The Haskalah
movement, which emerged as a result of the Enlightenment period in Europe and
aimed at the modernization of the Jewish community, produced many publications
in the 18^th and 19^th centuries. During this period,
science continued to be a field of conflict between the Rabbinic clergy and the
Maskilim. The effect of the Haskalah movement was tried to be minimized by the
Rabbinic clergy especially in the early periods, through a system that rejects
the issuance of approval documents for the publication of Hebrew science books
that were accepted as potentially dangerous. It is observed that
this attitude started to change in later periods.

Keywords

Haskalah, Tradition, Haskama, Rabbinic Clergy, Science, Herem, Hebrew

Haskala Sırasında Din-Bilim Çatışması: Onay Belgeleri, Bilim Kitapları ve Rabbani Din Adamları

Abstract

Matbaanın
15. yüzyıldan itibaren ortaya çıkması ve yaygınlaşması, kitap piyasasının hızlı
bir yükselişine neden olmuştur. Yayınlanan eserler konusunda Hıristiyan
yöneticilerin kararları, buralarda yaşayan Yahudileri de etkilemiştir.
Yahudiler, yaşadıkları ülkelerin idarecileri ile çatışma yaşamamak, ayrıca
kendi dini inanç ve geleneklerini korumak amacıyla bazı tedbirler almışlardır.
İbranice kitapların basımında onay belgesinin şart koşulması da bunlardan
birisidir. Avrupa’daki Aydınlanma dönemi etkisiyle ortaya çıkan ve Yahudi
toplumunun modernizasyonunu amaçlayan Haskala hareketi, etkili olduğu 18. ve
19. yüzyıllarda birçok yayın ürünü ortaya koymuştur. Bu dönem boyunca bilim, rabbani
din adamları ve Maskilim arasında çatışma alanı olmaya devam etmiştir. Rabbani
din adamları tarafından, özellikle ilk dönemlerde “potansiyel tehlike” olarak
kabul edilen İbranice bilim kitaplarına onay belgeleri verilmeyerek Haskala
hareketinin etkisi en aza indirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonraki dönemlerde ise bu
tutumun değişmeye başladığı görülmektedir.

Keywords

Haskala, Haskama, Gelenek, Rabbani Din Adamları, Bilim, Herem, İbranice

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