Analysis of International Legal Regulations in the Maritime Zone Around Svalbard Archipelago

Year 2019, Volume: 19 , 64 - 91, 25.10.2019

Ceren Uysal Oğuz , Güneş Ersoy

https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.632921

Abstract

The Arctic Region and the Svalbard Archipelago
located in the Arctic have become one of the focal points of political and
economic agenda of global and regional powers due to potential energy
resources, impacts of climate change, new maritime routes and issues over
maritime jurisdiction. Signing of the 1920 Svalbard Treaty and international
conventions on the law of the sea at different times let Norway and other
contracting parties to interpret the Svalbard Treaty differently. It creates
legal disputes between the contracting parties on maritime jurisdiction around
the archipelago. While Norway's claim on the Svalbard continental shelf and
declared fisheries protection zone are the main causes of disputes, fishing
quota regulations and Norwegian sanctions against contracting parties also
increase the tension in the region. In this study, conventions on the law of
the sea and their notions are discussed in the case of Svalbard; and legal
disputes are examined in the context of cause and effect relation.

Keywords

Svalbard Treaty, fisheries protection zone, continental shelf, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, non-discrimination and equality of treatment

Svalbard Takımadası ve Çevresindeki Deniz Alanlarına Yönelik Uluslararası Hukuk Düzenlemelerinin İrdelenmesi

Abstract

Arktika Bölgesi ve bu bölgede yer alan Svalbard Takımadası, bölgedeki
potansiyel enerji kaynakları, iklim değişikliğinin etkileri, yeni deniz yolları
ve deniz yetki alanları üzerindeki tartışmalar nedeniyle küresel ve bölgesel
güçlerin politik ve ekonomik gündeminde yer almaktadır. 1920 tarihli Svalbard
Antlaşması ve uluslararası deniz hukuku sözleşmelerinin farklı zamanlarda
imzalanması, Norveç’in ve diğer akit tarafların Antlaşma’yı farklı
yorumlamalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum Takımada çevresindeki deniz yetki
alanlarına yönelik akit taraflar arasında hukuki anlaşmazlıklar yaratmaktadır.
Norveç tarafından hak iddia edilen Svalbard kıta sahanlığı ve ilan edilen
Balıkçılık Koruma Bölgesi anlaşmazlıkların temel nedenleriyken, bölgedeki kota
düzenlemeleri ve buna yönelik Norveç yaptırımları anlaşmazlıkları artırıcı rol
oynamaktadır. Çalışmada, uluslararası deniz hukuku sözleşmeleri ve kavramları
Svalbard özelinde ele alınmış ve hukuki anlaşmazlıklar neden-sonuç ilişkisi
içerisinde ortaya koyulmuştur.

Keywords

Svalbard Antlaşması, münhasır ekonomik bölge, kıta sahanlığı, Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi, ayrımcılık yasağı ve mutlak eşitlik

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