THE TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL KOREAN HOUSE -THE HANOK- INTO A SACRED SPACE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF FENG SHUI PRINCIPLES

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 57 - 75, 31.07.2023

Ayşan Ilgın Polat , Sıdıka Benan Çelikel

Abstract

The need for shelter, which emerged shortly after the beginning of human history, is one of the first needs of individuals in order to acknowledge themselves. Space and sheltering have a significant impact on an individual's social, physical, and spiritual well-being. With the Cartesian philosophy, the Age of Enlightenment, and positivism causing profound changes in both science and art, concepts about space have also changed dramatically. Many traditional and elaborate structures have been ignored due to positivist reflections in the field of architecture and the understanding of "architecture as construction." Individuals in societies have begun to become rational animals free of their emotions as the value placed on rational and precise knowledge has increased. Individuals have become observers, isolated from the environments in which they live.
Feng shui, a philosophy of life that emerged as a manifestation of the elements in nature, plays a significant role in the individual's relationship with space, place, and home; however, with the influence of positivism, feng shui and many other teachings were seen as illogical and metaphysical, and were abstracted from the design processes. It is discussed in this study how the spaces in Hanoks, which are traditional houses in Korea, transform from being just shelters to sacred spaces for individuals when certain feng shui principles are applied. The traditional Korean house is examined in the text as one of the most important elements of Korean culture, which is influenced by Buddhism, Chinese, and Japanese culture, using concepts developed by thinkers such as Heiddegger, Norberg Schulz, and Eliade.

Keywords

Fengshui, Hanok, Traditional Korean House, Sacred Space, Dwelling, Place

GELENEKSEL KORE EVİ HANOK’UN FENG SHUI İLKELERİ İLE KUTSAL MEKANA DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Abstract

İnsanlık tarihinin başlangıcının hemen ardından ortaya çıkan barınma ihtiyacı, bireylerin kendilerini gerçekleştirme yolundaki ilk ihtiyaçlarındandır. Bir bireyin sosyal, fiziksel ve ruhsal iyi olma hali üzerinde mekânın ve barınmanın etkisi büyüktür. Kartezyen (Descartesçı) felsefenin ve ardından aydınlanma çağı ile pozitivizmin bilim ve sanat alanlarında derin değişiklikler yaratması ile mekâna dair düşünceler de çarpıcı şekilde değişmiştir. Pozitivizmin mimari alandaki yansımaları ile “inşaat olarak mimarlık” anlayışı, geleneksel ve detaylarla bezeli birçok yapının göz ardı edilmesine sebep olmuştur. Rasyonel ve kesin bilgiye verilen değer ile toplumlardaki bireyler de duygularından arınmış birer rasyonel hayvan olma yoluna girmişlerdir. Bireyler yaşadıkları mekanlardan koparak onları dışarıdan gözlemleyen birer seyirci haline gelmişlerdir.
Doğadaki elementlerin birer tezahürü olarak ortaya çıkan bir yaşam felsefesi olan feng shui bireyin mekan, yer ve ev ile olan ilişkisinde büyük rol oynamaktadır ancak pozitivizmin etkisi ile feng shui ve diğer birçok öğreti mantıkdışı ve metafizik olarak görülerek tasarım süreçlerinden soyutlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, doğu kültürlerinden biri olan Kore’de bulunan geleneksel evler Hanok’larda mekanların belirli feng shui ilkeleri ile nasıl sadece birer barınak olmaktan çıkıp bireyler için kutsal mekanlara dönüştüğü tartışılmıştır. Metinde Budizm, Çin ve Japon kültüründen etkilenen Kore kültürünün en önemli ögelerinden biri olan geleneksel Kore evi Heiddegger, Norberg Schulz ve Eliade gibi düşünürlerin ürettiği kavram üzerinden incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Fengshui, Hanok, Geleneksel Kore Evi, Kutsal Mekân, Mesken, Yer

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