Neoliberal Politikaların Küresel Düzeyde Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 159 - 178, 15.03.2017

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Temmuz Gönç

https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.415673

Cited By: 1

Abstract

 Neoliberal politikalar ve sağlık arasındaki ilişki tartışılırken sağlık sıklıkla sağlık politikalarına indirgenmekte, neoliberal politikaların etkisi de küresel düzeyde sağlık sistemlerinde yaşanan dönüşüm çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. Halbuki sağlık, biyolojik faktörler ve sağlık sistemlerinin yapısının yanı sıra yaşama, çalışma, barınma ve beslenme koşulları gibi çok sayıda ekonomik, sosyal ve politik faktör tarafından da şekillendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, dünya genelinde neoliberal politikaların sağlıkla ilgili sonuçları üzerine yapılış araştırmaların bir derlemesine dayanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı mevcut literatürdeki bulguları ilişkilendirerek toplum sağlığının sadece sağlık sistemlerindeki dönüşümle değil, çalışma ve yaşama koşullarındaki dönüşüm ve eşitsizlikle ilişkili olduğunu vurgulamaktır. Diğer bir deyişle çalışma, neoliberal politikaların sağlıkla ilişkili sonuçlarını farklı boyutlar açısından ele alarak neoliberalizmin sağlık üzerindeki etkilerini sağlık sistemlerinin dönüşümüne indirgemeksizin bütünlüklü, ilişkisel ve eleştirel bir bakış açısı içinde değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma Türkiye’ye odaklanmamakta, neoliberal politikaların küresel düzeyde toplum sağlığını hangi boyutlar üzerinden etkilediğini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre mevcut literatürdeki ampirik bulgular, neoliberalizmin sağlık üzerindeki etkisinin sadece sağlık sistemlerinin dönüşümüyle sınırlı olmadığını göstermektedir. İşsizliğin artması, çalışma koşullarının kötüleşmesi, çevre, tarım ve gıda güvenliği, kentleşme ve beslenme konularında mevzuatın esnekleştirilmesi, sağlığa zarar verecek şekilde işleyen kapitalist işletmeler üzerinde devlet denetiminin zayıflaması ve toplumsal eşitsizliklerin derinleşmesi, neoliberal politikaların toplum sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkileyen diğer boyutları arasında yer almaktadır. 

Keywords

Sağlık Sosyolojisi, Sosyoloji

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