Soğuk Savaş Sonrasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Karadeniz Politikası

Year 2012, Volume: 67 Issue: 01, 49 - 80, 01.01.2012

Burçin Canar

https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002238

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Bu çalışma, yeni “Büyük Oyun”un esas oyuncularından ABD’nin Karadeniz politikasını incelemektedir. Öncelikle Washington’un Soğuk Savaş sonrasında temel dış politika hedefleri saptanmıştır. Ardından, ABD’nin Karadeniz politikası amaçları, araçları ve bölgesel sorunlara yönelik tutumu incelenerek ortaya konmuştur. Soğuk Savaş sonrasında Karadeniz bölgesini tanımlarken KEİÖ’nün yanı sıra, yeni “Büyük Oyun”un etkisiyle “Genişletilmiş Karadeniz” kavramı kullanılmaktadır. SSCB’nin dağılmasının ardından “yeni dünya düzeni”ni ilan ederek hegemonyasını sürdürmeyi hedefleyen ABD, Karadeniz’i “yaşamsal çıkar alanı” olarak görmektedir. Amerikan strateji belgeleriyle örtüşen “Büyük Satranç Tahtası” ve “Genişletilmiş Karadeniz”in ana fikri; ABD hegemonyasına karşı potansiyel rakiplerin gerçek rakiplere dönüşmesinin ve bölgesel ittifakların oluşmasının engellenmesidir. NATO, üyelik ya da işbirliği yoluyla “tam ve özgür Avrupa”nın inşasında, başka bir deyişle, bölgenin Batı sistemiyle bütünleşmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. ABD’ye göre, Karadeniz’i de kapsayan Avrupa-Atlantik bölgesinde güvenliği asıl sağlayan NATO’dur. NATO’nun yanı sıra yardım programları ve “renkli devrimler” aracılığıyla da ABD, bölgede Rus etkisini önlemeye çalışmaktadır. “Bölgesel çatışmaların sona ermesi” ve “enerji güvenliği” söylemleri de RF’nin denetimini sınırlamaya yöneliktir.

Keywords

Karadeniz, Yeni Dünya Düzeni, ABD, NATO, Rusya Federasyonu

Black Sea Policy of the United States of America in the Post-Cold War Era

Abstract

This article examines the Black Sea policy of the USA that is one of the main players of the new “Great Game”. First of all, basic foreign policy goals of Washington in the post-Cold War era were
determined. Next, Black Sea policy of the USA was discussed by analyzing its goals, instruments and policy toward regional problems. In the Post-Cold War era, while defining the Black Sea region, besides BSEC, the concept of “Wider Black Sea” is being used with the influence of new “Great Game”. After the collapse of USSR, USA, aiming to maintain its hegemony by announcing “new world order”, considers the Black Sea as its “sphere of vital interest”. The main idea of “the Grand Chessboard” and “the Wider Black Sea”, which are in parallel with the American strategy documents, is to prevent potential rivals to become real ones and anti-US regional coalitions. NATO, through membership or cooperation, plays an important role in building “whole and free Europe”, in other words, integrating the region with the Western system. From the US point of view, NATO is the main provider of security for the Euroatlantic region, which includes the Black Sea. Besides NATO, through assistance programs, “the rose and orange revolutions”, USA tries to prevent Russian effect in the region. The discourses of “resolving regional conflicts” and “energy security” are also intended for reducing the Russian control

Keywords

Black Sea, New World Order, USA, NATO, Russian Federation

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