The Causality Relationship Between Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey
Year 2015,
Volume: 70 Issue: 3, 769 - 787, 03.11.2015
Sefer Uçak
,
Akın Usupbeyli
Abstract
Energy is one of the most important main inputs for the promoting economic growth. Most of the energy needed by the countries is mostly supplied by the sources called fossil fuel. For this reason, numbers of studies examine the linear relationship between the oil consumption and economic growth. The direction of the causality found in these studies guides the countries in their economic policies. This study attempts to empirically examine the short and the long run relationship between oil consumption and the reel gross domestic production (GDP) in the case of Turkey using the time series data for the period 1971-2013. Granger causality and Johansen cointegration test are used in order to analyze the relationship between these variables. The empirical results suggest that oil consumption and GDP are not cointegrated and there is no evidence of causality between these two variables. The main conclusion of this study is that the neutrality hypothesis is prevail for Turkey
References
- Aktaş, C. ve Yılmaz, V. (2008). “Causal Relationship Between Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 45-55
- Al-Mulali, U. (2011). “Oil consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth in MENA countries”. Energy, 36(10), 6165-6171.
- Altınay, G., ve Karagöl, E., (2004). “Structural break, unit root, and the causality between energy consumption and GDP in Turkey”. Energy Economics, 26(6), 985–994.
- Bayar, Y. (2014). “Türkiye’de Birincil Enerji Kullanımı ve Ekonomik Büyüme”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(2), 253-269.
- Behmiri N. B. ve Manso, J. R. P. (2014). “The Linkage Between Crude Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Latin America: The Panel Framework Investigations for Multiple Regions”, Energy, 72, 233-241.
- BP, Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2014. http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energyeconomics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-fullreport.pdf (21.03.2015)
- Çetin, M. ve Şeker, F. (2012) “Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 85-106.
- Dickey, D.A. ve Fuller, W.A., (1981). “Distribution of The Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series With A Unit Root”. Econometrica, 49, 1057-1072.
- Engle R. F. ve Granger C. W. J. (1987), “Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing” Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
- Erdal, G., Erdal H. ve Esengün K. (2008), “The Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 36, 3838-3842.
- ETKB, (2015), Dünya ve Ülkemiz Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Görünümü, http://www.enerji.gov.tr/Resources/Sites/1/Pages/Sayi_07/Sayi_07.html (22.03.2015)
- Granger C. W. J. (1969), “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Crossspectral Methods”, Econometrica, 37 (3), 424-438.
- Hendry D. Srba F. ve Yeo S. (1978), “Econometric Modelling of the Aggregate Time-Series Relationship Between Consumers' Expenditure and Income in the United Kingdom”, The Economic Journal, 88 (352), 661-692
- Hossein, A., Yazdan, G. F., ve Ehsan, A. G. (2012). “The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Economic Growth: Case Study (OPEC Countries)”. OPEC Energy Review, 36(3), 272-286.
- Jobert, T. ve Karanfil F. (2007), “Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 35, 5447-5456.
- Johansen, S. ve Juselius, K. (1990) “Maximum Lıkelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegratıon-With Applıcations To The Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169–210,
- Karagöl, E., Erbaykal, E. ve Ertuğrul, H. M. (2007), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ile Elektrik Tüketimi İlişkisi: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(1), 72-80.
- Korkmaz, Ö., ve Develi, A. (2012). “Türkiye’de Birincil Enerji Kullanımı, Üretimi ve Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYİH) Arasındaki İlişki”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 1-25.
- Lise, W., ve Van Montfort, K. (2007). “Energy Consumption and GDP in Turkey: Is There A Cointegration Relationship?”, Energy Economics, 29(6), 1166-1178.
- Mehrara, M., (2007). “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Oil Exporting Countries”, Energy Policy 35, 2939–2945.
- Mucuk, M., ve Uysal, D. (2009). “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme”. Maliye Dergisi, 157, 105-115.
- Nelson. CR. ve CL Plosser. (1982). “Trends and Random Walks in Macroeconomic Time Series: Some Evidence and İmplications”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 10. 139-162.
- Oh, W., and Lee.K., (2004). "Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Korea: Testing The Causality Relation." Journal of Policy Modeling, 26(8), 973-981.
- Ozturk, I. (2010). "A Literature Survey on Energy–Growth Nexus." Energy Policy, 38.1: 340-349.
- Ozturk, I., Kaplan, M., ve Kalyoncu, H. (2013). “The Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption and GDP in Turkey”. Energy & Environment, 24(5), 727-734.
- Özata, E. (2010). “Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkilerin Ekonometrik İncelemesi”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26, 101-113.
- Soytas, U., Sari, R. ve Ozdemir, O. (2001). “Energy Consumption And GDP Relation In Turkey: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Analysis” .Economies and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change in the Global Environment Proceedings, 838-844.
- Suleiman Sa'ad, (2010), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Causality Relationship For Nigeria”, Opec Energy Revıew, 34 (1), 15–24.
- TPAO, (2014), 2013 Yılı Ham Petrol ve Doğal Gaz Sektör Raporu, www.tpao.gov.tr (20.03.2015) Tsani S. (2010) “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Causality Analysis For Greece”, Energy Economics, 32, 582–590.
- Uysal, D. ve Mucuk, M. (2009). “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Kamu Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi”. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 46(527), 39-48.
- Uzunöz, M. ve Akçay, Y. (2012). “Türkiye’de Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketimi arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi:1970-2010”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 1-16
- Yalta, A.Talha (2011). “Analyzing Energy Consumption and GDP Nexus Using Maximum Entropy Bootstrap: The Case of Turkey”, Energy Economics, 33, 453-460
- Yang, H. Y. (2000). “A Note on The Causal Relationship Between Energy and GDP İn Taiwan”. Energy Economics, 22(3), 309-317.
- Yoo, Seung-Hoon. (2006). "Oil Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence From Korea." Energy Sources, 1(3), 235-243.
- Zou, G., & Chau, K. W. (2006). “Short-and Long-Run Effects Between Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in China”. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3644-3655.
Türkiye'de Petrol Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi
Year 2015,
Volume: 70 Issue: 3, 769 - 787, 03.11.2015
Sefer Uçak
,
Akın Usupbeyli
Abstract
Enerji, ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması açısından en önemli girdilerin başında gelmektedir. Dünya ülkeleri tarafından enerji ihtiyacının önemli bir kısmı fosil yakıtlar tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle ülkelerin petrol tüketimleri ile ekonomik büyümeleri arasındaki doğrusal ilişki birçok akademik çalışmada incelenmiş ve test edilmiştir. Bulunan sonuçlardaki nedensellik ilişkisinin yönü ülkelerin ekonomi politikalarına ışık tutmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye için 1971-2013 döneminde petrol tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme (reel GSYH) arasındaki kısa-uzun dönemli ilişki test edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin analizi için Granger nedensellik ve Johansen eş-bütünleşme uygulanmıştır. Bu serilerle yapılan analizlerde, eş-bütünleşme ilişkisi bulunamamış ve Türkiye’de petrol tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanmamıştır. Türkiye’de petrol tüketimi ve büyüme ilişkisi için yansızlık hipotezi geçerlidir.
References
- Aktaş, C. ve Yılmaz, V. (2008). “Causal Relationship Between Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 45-55
- Al-Mulali, U. (2011). “Oil consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth in MENA countries”. Energy, 36(10), 6165-6171.
- Altınay, G., ve Karagöl, E., (2004). “Structural break, unit root, and the causality between energy consumption and GDP in Turkey”. Energy Economics, 26(6), 985–994.
- Bayar, Y. (2014). “Türkiye’de Birincil Enerji Kullanımı ve Ekonomik Büyüme”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 28(2), 253-269.
- Behmiri N. B. ve Manso, J. R. P. (2014). “The Linkage Between Crude Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Latin America: The Panel Framework Investigations for Multiple Regions”, Energy, 72, 233-241.
- BP, Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2014. http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energyeconomics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-fullreport.pdf (21.03.2015)
- Çetin, M. ve Şeker, F. (2012) “Enerji Tüketiminin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 85-106.
- Dickey, D.A. ve Fuller, W.A., (1981). “Distribution of The Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series With A Unit Root”. Econometrica, 49, 1057-1072.
- Engle R. F. ve Granger C. W. J. (1987), “Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing” Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
- Erdal, G., Erdal H. ve Esengün K. (2008), “The Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 36, 3838-3842.
- ETKB, (2015), Dünya ve Ülkemiz Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Görünümü, http://www.enerji.gov.tr/Resources/Sites/1/Pages/Sayi_07/Sayi_07.html (22.03.2015)
- Granger C. W. J. (1969), “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Crossspectral Methods”, Econometrica, 37 (3), 424-438.
- Hendry D. Srba F. ve Yeo S. (1978), “Econometric Modelling of the Aggregate Time-Series Relationship Between Consumers' Expenditure and Income in the United Kingdom”, The Economic Journal, 88 (352), 661-692
- Hossein, A., Yazdan, G. F., ve Ehsan, A. G. (2012). “The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Economic Growth: Case Study (OPEC Countries)”. OPEC Energy Review, 36(3), 272-286.
- Jobert, T. ve Karanfil F. (2007), “Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 35, 5447-5456.
- Johansen, S. ve Juselius, K. (1990) “Maximum Lıkelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegratıon-With Applıcations To The Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169–210,
- Karagöl, E., Erbaykal, E. ve Ertuğrul, H. M. (2007), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ile Elektrik Tüketimi İlişkisi: Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(1), 72-80.
- Korkmaz, Ö., ve Develi, A. (2012). “Türkiye’de Birincil Enerji Kullanımı, Üretimi ve Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYİH) Arasındaki İlişki”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 1-25.
- Lise, W., ve Van Montfort, K. (2007). “Energy Consumption and GDP in Turkey: Is There A Cointegration Relationship?”, Energy Economics, 29(6), 1166-1178.
- Mehrara, M., (2007). “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Oil Exporting Countries”, Energy Policy 35, 2939–2945.
- Mucuk, M., ve Uysal, D. (2009). “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme”. Maliye Dergisi, 157, 105-115.
- Nelson. CR. ve CL Plosser. (1982). “Trends and Random Walks in Macroeconomic Time Series: Some Evidence and İmplications”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 10. 139-162.
- Oh, W., and Lee.K., (2004). "Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Korea: Testing The Causality Relation." Journal of Policy Modeling, 26(8), 973-981.
- Ozturk, I. (2010). "A Literature Survey on Energy–Growth Nexus." Energy Policy, 38.1: 340-349.
- Ozturk, I., Kaplan, M., ve Kalyoncu, H. (2013). “The Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption and GDP in Turkey”. Energy & Environment, 24(5), 727-734.
- Özata, E. (2010). “Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkilerin Ekonometrik İncelemesi”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26, 101-113.
- Soytas, U., Sari, R. ve Ozdemir, O. (2001). “Energy Consumption And GDP Relation In Turkey: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Analysis” .Economies and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change in the Global Environment Proceedings, 838-844.
- Suleiman Sa'ad, (2010), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Causality Relationship For Nigeria”, Opec Energy Revıew, 34 (1), 15–24.
- TPAO, (2014), 2013 Yılı Ham Petrol ve Doğal Gaz Sektör Raporu, www.tpao.gov.tr (20.03.2015) Tsani S. (2010) “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Causality Analysis For Greece”, Energy Economics, 32, 582–590.
- Uysal, D. ve Mucuk, M. (2009). “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Kamu Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi”. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 46(527), 39-48.
- Uzunöz, M. ve Akçay, Y. (2012). “Türkiye’de Büyüme ve Enerji Tüketimi arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi:1970-2010”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 1-16
- Yalta, A.Talha (2011). “Analyzing Energy Consumption and GDP Nexus Using Maximum Entropy Bootstrap: The Case of Turkey”, Energy Economics, 33, 453-460
- Yang, H. Y. (2000). “A Note on The Causal Relationship Between Energy and GDP İn Taiwan”. Energy Economics, 22(3), 309-317.
- Yoo, Seung-Hoon. (2006). "Oil Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence From Korea." Energy Sources, 1(3), 235-243.
- Zou, G., & Chau, K. W. (2006). “Short-and Long-Run Effects Between Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in China”. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3644-3655.