Gözetim Kapitalizminin Yeni Yerel Yönetimleri

Year 2024, Volume: 79 Issue: 2, 251 - 280, 04.06.2024

Nur Banu Çağatay , Ahmet Güven

https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1214973

Abstract

Devletlerin gözetim şekli ve kapitalizmin piyasayı kullanma biçimi sürekli değişmektedir. Bu değişimler zamanın ihtiyaçlarına ve olanaklarına göre gerçekleşmektedir. Örneğin 18.yy’ın gözetleme aracı Panoptikon iken, bugünün gözetleme aracı telefonlardır. Panoptikon’un gözlemcileri kulelerinde nöbet tutanlar ise, bugünün gözlemcileri sokak duvarlarına asılmış kameralardır. Kapitalizm piyasayı üretim araçlarının mülkiyetiyle kullanırken, bugün anlam üretiminin mülkiyetini de içererek kullanmaktadır. Tek başına devletlerin kapitalist süreçlerinden bahsetmek yerine gözetim kapitalizmiyle kendisini devletin sınırlandırılmış görevlerinin ve eylemlerinin dışına çıkarmaya çalışan bir devlet yapısından bahsedilecektir. Çünkü, şirketlerle birlikte güçlenirken aynı zamanda klasik devlet olmayı bir kenara bırakarak kendisinin ve kurumlarının da birer şirket olma yolunda ilerlediğini tartışmak daha anlamlı durmaktadır. Bu izlekte makale, belirgin örnekler olduğu düşünülen devletlerin şirketlerle birlikte gerçekleştirdikleri eylemleri, yerel yönetimleri ve lider pozisyonda olan şirketlerle kurdukları ilişkileri tartışmaktadır. Makale, devletlerin gözetim kapitalizminin veri tabanlı birikiminden hareketle, kendi kurumlarını -yerel yönetimleri/belediyeleri- sürece dâhil ederek onları da nasıl şirketleştirmeye yönelttiğini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Hizmet verenlerin değişimine yönelik hizmet
alanlar olarak vatandaşların da nasıl birer datadaş’a dönüştürüldüğünü ve haklarını ‘rıza’ adı altında nasıl takas ettiklerini görünür kılmaya çalışmaktadır. Bunu yaparken, Çin, Rusya, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Almanya ve Türkiye gibi ülkelerin yerel yönetimlerinin, gözetim kapitalizmi sürecinde edindikleri roller üzerinden örnekler sunulmaktadır

Keywords

Gözetim kapitalizmi, Yerel yönetimler, Hibrit-ticari-açık devlet, İstihbarat devleti, Vatandaş-datadaş

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

NEW LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF SURVEILLANCE CAPITALISM

Abstract

The surveillance processes of states and the way capitalism uses the market have transformed in a way that is not the first time but unlike the previous one. Instead of talking about the capitalist processes of the states alone, it makes more sense to argue that with surveillance capitalism, which tries to get itself out of the limited duties and actions of the state, and while getting stronger together with companies, it also puts aside being a state and progresses towards becoming a company itself and its institutions. While the article aims to show how states manage their own institutions -local governments/municipalities- in the process, based on the data-based accumulation of surveillance capitalism, and how citizens are transformed into datadaş (dataship) and tries to make visible how citizens swap their rights under the name of ‘consent’. In doing so, examples are presented through the role of local governments in countries such as China, Russia, the United States, Germany and Turkey in the process of surveillance capitalism.

Keywords

surveillance capitalism, local government, hybrid-commercial-open-intelligence state, citizenship-dataship

Project Number

YOK

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