Evaluation Of Health Expenditures In Terms Of Income Elasticity: A Systematic Review

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 63 - 80, 30.06.2020

Jebağı Canberk Aydın , Gülbiye Yenimahalleli Yaşar

Abstract

Abstract

Aim: Health expenditures continue to
increase both globally and nationally nowadays. The aim of this systematic
review is to examine the relationship between income and health expenditure,
which is one of the important determinants of health expenditures, on income
elasticity findings of OECD countries. In this context, the health spending
levels of OECD member countries and changes in years have been examined. Then,
the relationship between health expenditures and income elasticity has been
defined. Method: In accordance with
the aim of the study, 16 scientific studies, which have been published between
the dates of 2008-2018 and selected with specific criteria, have been
systematically examined in terms of the relationship between health
expenditures and income. Income elasticity findings in selected scientific
publications have been grouped and made comparable. Results: Although there were observable differences between the
groups, the income elasticity values ​​of health expenditures have been found
to be mostly in the group classified as “necessity” between 0-1 values. Conclusion: This result shows that
expenditures for health services have not yet reached adequate levels although
they have increased over the years. In this respect, health spending is
expected to continue to increase in the coming years.

SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ GELİR ESNEKLİĞİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: SİSTEMATİK BİR DERLEME

Abstract

Özet

Amaç:
Dünya genelinde
de, ülkeler özelinde de sağlık harcamaları artmaya devam etmektedir. Bu
sistematik derleme çalışmasının amacı; sağlık harcamalarının önemli
belirleyicilerinden biri olan gelir ile sağlık harcaması ilişkisini, OECD
ülkeleri açısından gelir esnekliği bulguları üzerinden değerlendirmektir. Bu
çerçevede ilk olarak, OECD üyesi ülkelerin sağlık harcaması düzeyleri ve
yıllara göre gerçekleşen değişimler incelenmiştir. Sonrasında sağlık
harcamaları ve gelir esnekliği ilişkisi tanımlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmanın devamında amaç doğrultusunda 2008-2018 yılları
arasında yayımlanmış olan ve belirli ölçütler ile seçilmiş 16 adet bilimsel
çalışma, sağlık harcamaları ve gelir arasındaki ilişki açısından sistematik bir
şekilde derlenmiş ve yayınlardaki gelir esnekliği bulguları gruplandırılarak
karşılaştırılabilir hale getirilmiştir. Bulgular:
Gruplar arasında gözlemlenebilir farklılıklar olmakla birlikte, sağlık
harcamalarının gelir esnekliği değerlerinin çoğunlukla 0-1 değerleri arasında
ve “ihtiyaç” olarak sınıflandırılan grup içerisinde yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu sonuç, sağlık hizmetleri için
yapılan harcamaların yıllara göre artış göstermesine rağmen hala yeterli
seviyeye ulaşamadığını göstermektedir. Bu açıdan, sağlık harcamalarının önümüzdeki
yıllarda da artmaya devam etmesi beklenmektedir.

Keywords

sağlık ekonomisi, sağlık harcamaları, gelir esnekliği, OECD ülkeleri

References

• Arslan D.T. & Esatoğlu A.E. (2018). Radikal Prostatektomi Maliyetlerini ve Maliyet Etkililiğini İnceleyen Çalışmaların Sistematik Derlemesi, International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(18), 143-162.
• Baltagi B.H. & Moscone F. (2010). Health Care Expenditure and Income in the OECD Reconsidered: Evidence from Panel Data, Economic Modelling, 27, 804-811.
• Baltagi B.H., Lagravinese R., Moscone F. & Tosetti E. (2017), Health Care Expenditure and Income: A Global Perspective, Journal of Health Economics, 26, 863-874.
• Bilgel F. & Tran K.C. (2013), The Determinants of Canadian Provincial Health Expenditures: Evidence From a Dynamic Panel, Applied Economics, 45(2), 201-212.
• Blazquez-Fernandez C., Cantarero D. & Perez P. (2014), Disentangling the Heterogeneous Income Elasticity and Dynamics of Health Expenditure, Applied Economics, 46(16), 1839-1854.
• Braendle T. & Colombier C. (2016), What Drives Public Health Care Expenditure Growth? Evidence From Swiss Cantons, 1970–2012, Health Policy, 120, 1051-1060.
• Bustamante A.V. & Shimoga S.V. (2018), Comparing the Income Elasticity of Health Spending in Middle-Income and High-Income Countries: The Role of Financial Protection, International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 7(3), 255-263.
• Çalışkan Z. (2009), OECD Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları: Panel Veri Analizi, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 34, 117-137.
• Di Matteo L. (2003), The Income Elasticity of Health Care Spending: A Comparison of Parametric and Nonparametric Approaches, The European Journal of Health Economics, 4(1), 20-29.
• Fan V.Y. & Savedoff W.D. (2014), The Health Financing Transiton: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Evidence, Social Science & Medicine, 105, 112-121.
• Farag M., Nandakumar A.K., Wallack S., Hodgkin D., Gaumer G. & Erbil C. (2012), The Income Elasticity of Health Care Spending in Developing and Developed Countries, International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics, 12, 145-162.
• Lago-Penas S., Cantarero-Prieto D. & Blazquez-Fernandez C. (2013), On The Relationship Between GDP and Health Care Expenditure: A New Look, Economic Modelling, 32, 124-129.
• Liang L. & Mirelman A.J. (2014). Why Do Some Countries Spend More For Health? An Assessment of Sociopolitical Determinants and International Aid for Government Health Expenditures, Social Science & Medicine, 114, 161-168.
• Martín J., González P.L.D.A. & García M.D.C. (2011), Review of the Literature on the Determinants of Healthcare Expenditure, Applied Economics, 43(1), 19-46.
• Moher D., Liberti A., Tetzlaff J. & Altman D.G. (2009), Reprint-Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The Prisma Statement, Physical Therapy, 89(9), 873-880.
• Moscone F. & Tosseti E. (2010), Health Expenditure and Income in the United States, Health Economics, 19, 1385-1403.
• Murthy V.N.R. & Okunade A.A. (2016), Determinants of U.S. Health Expenditure: Evidence from Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach to Cointegration, Economic Modelling, 59, 67-73.
• Newhouse J.P. (1977), Medical-Care Expenditure: A Cross-National Survey, The Journal of Human Resources, 12(1), 115-125.
• OECD (2017), Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris.
• Sülkü S.N. & Caner A. (2011), Health Care Expenditures and Gross Domestic Product: The Turkish Case, European Journal of Health Economics, 12, 29-38.
• Wang Z. (2009), The Determinants of Health Expenditures: Evidence From US State-Level Data, Applied Economics, 41(4), 429-435.
• Xu K., Saksena P. & Holly A. (2011), The Determinants of Health Expenditure: A Country-Level Panel Data Analysis, Working Paper Results for Development Institute.
• Younsi M., Chakroun M. & Nafla A. (2016), Robust Analysis of the Determinants of Healthcare Expenditure Growth: Evidence from Panel Data for Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries, The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 31, 580-601.