Türkiye-Syria Relations During Cold War and Post Cold War Period

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 36, 322 - 339, 20.09.2023

Burak Şakir Şeker

https://doi.org/10.33692/avrasyad.1300050

Abstract

Syria and Türkiye are two neighboring countries have various cultural and historical ties and even relatives. These ties were formed from the 16th century, when the Ottoman Empire conquered its territory, to the 20th century, when the empire broke up. These ties between Syria, which became independent towards the middle of the 20th century, and its neighbor Türkiye were not enough to prevent some problems. While relations with the Hatay Problem were seriously strained, the water problem made everything worse. The biggest tension between the two countries is related to terrorism that Türkiye has been dealing with for several decades. Because of this problem, the two states had come to a point where they were almost at war with each other. Despite everything, thanks to diplomacy, the problems were overcome and an atmosphere of peace that would last at least a few years was ensured. However, with the events of the early 2010s, it was returned to the beginning. For more than 10 years, relations between the two states are worse than ever, there are no diplomatic relations. Perhaps better relations will not be established in the medium term due to massive refugee flows and military operations. In this article, the relations between Syria and Türkiye, especially in the conditions of the Cold War and after, is examined. Particularly, the water problem, the terrorism issue, the potential clash being replaced by peace at the end of the 1990s, the Arab Spring and its aftermath period are analyzed in detail to understand this complex relation. The Arab Spring, on the other hand, is emphasized in more detail than the others, as it directly concerns our day. Regarding the Arab Spring, attention is drawn to the following three questions: What is Türkiye's perspective on events from past to present, has there been a change in Turkish foreign policy over the years, how are Türkiye-Syria relations affected by the latest developments?

Keywords

Türkiye, Syria, Terror, Arab Spring, Refugees

Soğuk Savaş ve Sonrası Dönemde Türkiye-Suriye İlişkileri

Abstract

Suriye ve Türkiye, çeşitli kültürel ve tarihi bağlara ve hatta akrabalığa sahip iki komşu ülkedir. Bu bağlar, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun topraklarını fethettiği 16. yüzyıldan imparatorluğun dağıldığı 20. yüzyıla kadar şekillenmiştir. 20. yüzyılın ortalarına doğru bağımsızlığını kazanan Suriye ile komşusu Türkiye arasındaki bu bağlar bazı sorunların önüne geçmeye yetmemiş, Hatay Sorunu ile ilişkiler ciddi anlamda gerilirken, su sorunu her şeyi daha da kötüleştirmiştir. İki ülke arasındaki en büyük gerilim ise Türkiye'nin onlarca yıldır uğraştığı terörizmle ilgilidir. Bu sorun nedeniyle iki devlet adeta birbiriyle savaşan halinde haline gelmiştir. Her şeye rağmen diplomasi sayesinde sorunlar aşılmış ve en az birkaç yıl sürecek bir barış ortamı sağlanmıştır. Ancak 2010'ların başında alevlenen Arap Baharı sonucundaki olaylarla birlikte başa dönülmüş, 10 yılı aşkın bir süredir iki devlet arasındaki ilişkiler her zamankinden daha kötü hale gelmiş, diplomatik ilişkiler ise kesilmiştir. Bu süre zarfında oluşan kitlesel mülteci akınları ve askeri operasyonlar nedeniyle orta vadede muhtemelen iyi ilişkiler kurulamayacaktır. Bu yazıda özellikle Soğuk Savaş koşulları ve sonrasında Suriye ile Türkiye arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Özellikle su sorunu, terör problemi, 1990'ların sonunda yerini barışa bırakan potansiyel çatışma dönemi, Arap Baharı ve sonrasındaki süreç bu karmaşık ilişkiyi anlamak için ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Arap Baharı ise günümüzü doğrudan ilgilendirdiği için diğerlerinden daha detaylı olarak irdelenmiştir. Arap Baharı ile ilgili olarak özellikle şu üç soruya dikkat çekilmiştir: Türkiye'nin geçmişten bugüne yaşanan olaylara bakış açısı nasıldır, yıllar geçtikçe Türk dış politikasında olaylara yönelik bir değişiklik olmuş mudur, Türkiye-Suriye ilişkileri son gelişmelerden nasıl etkilenmektedir?

Keywords

Türkiye, Suriye, Terör, Arap Baharı, Mülteciler

ОТНОШЕНИЯ ТУРЦИИ И СИРИИ В ПЕРИОД ХОЛОДНОЙ ВОЙНЫ И ПОСЛЕ ХОЛОДНОЙ ВОЙНЫ

Abstract

Сирия и Турция – две соседние страны, имеющие различные культурные и исторические связи и даже родственные связи. Эти связи формировались с 16 века, когда Османская империя завоевала ее территорию, до 20 века, когда империя распалась. Этих связей между Сирией, которая стала независимой к середине 20-го века, и ее соседом Турцией было недостаточно, чтобы предотвратить некоторые проблемы. В то время как отношения с проблемой Хатай были серьезно натянуты, проблема с водой усугубляла ситуацию. Самая большая напряженность между двумя странами связана с терроризмом, с которым Турция борется уже несколько десятилетий. Из-за этой проблемы два государства подошли к моменту, когда они почти находились в состоянии войны друг с другом. Несмотря ни на что, благодаря дипломатии удалось преодолеть проблемы и обеспечить атмосферу мира, которая продлится как минимум несколько лет. Однако с событиями начала 2010-х его вернули к началу. Уже более 10 лет отношения между двумя государствами хуже некуда, дипломатических отношений нет. Возможно, лучшие отношения в среднесрочной перспективе не наладятся из-за массовых потоков беженцев и военных операций. В данной статье рассматриваются отношения между Сирией и Турцией, особенно в условиях холодной войны и после нее. В частности, проблема воды, проблема терроризма, потенциальное столкновение, сменившееся миром в конце 1990-х годов, «арабская весна» и ее последующий период подробно анализируются, чтобы понять эту сложную взаимосвязь. Арабская весна, напротив, выделена более подробно, чем другие, так как напрямую касается наших дней. Что касается «арабской весны», внимание обращается на следующие три вопроса: какова точка зрения Турции на события прошлого и настоящего, произошли ли изменения во внешней политике Турции за эти годы, как последние события повлияли на турецко-сирийские отношения?

Keywords

Турция, Сирия, Террор, Арабская весна, Беженцы

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