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YEREL VE ULUSAL E-DEVLET GELİŞİM MODELLERİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 270 - 297, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1103488

Abstract

Ülkeler arasında yerel düzeyde e-devlet ’in benimsenmesi ve geliştirilmesi hususunda belirgin farklılıkların oluşmaktadır. Söz konusu farklılıklar üzerinde ise ulusal düzeyde e-devlet gelişmişlik düzeyi başta olmak üzere çeşitli sosyoekonomik, politik ve demografik unsurlar etkili olmaktadır. Ancak yapılan çalışmaların belirleyici bir unsur olarak özellikle ulusal düzeyde e-devlet gelişmişlik düzeyinin yereldeki gelişimleri etkileme düzeylerini yeterli ölçüde açıklamadığı gözlenmektedir. Fakat demografik, politik, yönetsel, mali ve teknik kapasite gibi yerel e-devletin gelişimi üzerinde etkili olan etmenler doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak ulusal düzeyde kamusal mal ve hizmet sunumunu gerçekleştiren kamu kurumları, özel sektör ve sivil toplumun e-devleti benimseme ve geliştirme düzeyi ile bağlantıldır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın temel amacı farklı boyutları (e-bilgi, e-servis ve e-katılım gibi) itibariyle ulusal e-devlet gelişim düzeyinin yerel dijital değişim ile ilişki boyutu ve etki düzeyini incelemektir. Bu amaçla çalışmada Birleşmiş Milletler E-Devlet Gelişim Anketi (2020) kapsamında açıklanan bilimsel veriler çerçevesinde karşılaştırmalı ülke örnekleri üzerinden ulusal ve yerel e-devlet gelişim düzeyleri mukayese edilerek, yerel e-devlet gelişim üzerinde merkezi düzeydeki gelişmişliğin anlamlı bir farklılaşmaya sebep olup olmadığı sorgulanmaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için Sıralı (ordinal) Regresyon Analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen sonuç ise e-katılım ve çevrim içi hizmetlerden ziyade ulusal telekominasyon alt yapısının ve beşeri sermayenin yerel e-devletinde temel belirleyicisi olduğudur.

References

  • Akçakaya, M. (2017). E-devlet anlayışı ve Türk kamu yönetiminde e-devlet uygulamaları. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (3), 8-31.
  • Alsaghier, H., Ford, M., Nguyen, A., ve Hexel, R. (2009). Conceptualizing citizen's trust in e-government: application of methodology. Electronic Journal of E-government, 7(4), 295-310.
  • Asgarkhani, M. (2005). Digital government and its effectiveness in public management reform: a local government perspective. Public Management Review, 7(3), 465-487.
  • Azad, B., Faraj, S., Goh, J. M., ve Feghali, T. (2010). What shapes the global diffusion of e-government. Journal of Global Information Management, 18(2), 85–104.
  • Baum, C.; Di Maio, A.(2000). Gartner’s Four Phases of E-Government Model. Gartner Group Inc., Stamford.
  • Bigdeli, A. Z., Kamal, M. M., ve De Cesare, S. (2013). Electronic information sharing in local government authorities: factors influencing the decision-making process. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 816-830.
  • United Nation E-Government Report (2003). UN Global E-Government Survey,https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2003-Survey/Complete-survey.pdf. (E.T.:21.2.2022).
  • Bwalya, K. ve Mutula, S. (2014). E-Government: Implementation, Adoption and Synthesis in Developing Countries. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Saur.
  • Delibaş, K., ve Akgül, A. E. (2010). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de e-devlet uygulamaları: Türkiye’de e-demokrasi ve e-katılım potansiyellerinin harekete geçirilmesi. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 100-144.
  • Demirel, D. (2006). E-devlet ve dünya örnekleri. Sayıştay Dergisi, (61), 83-118.
  • Edmiston, K. D. (2003). State and local e-government: prospects and challenges. The American Review of Public Administration, 33(1), 20-45.
  • Eynon, R., ve Dutton, W. H. (2007). Barriers to networked governments: Evidence from Europe. Prometheus, 25(3), 225-242.
  • Fan, B. (2013). Achieving horizontal integration of municipal e-government in China: assessment of managerial mechanisms. Information development, 29(4), 333-348.
  • Gil-García, J. R. (2007). Exploring e-government benefits and success factors. In Encyclopedia of Digital Government (ss. 803-811). IGI Global.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., ve Tatham, R. L. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis, Pearson Education Limited Harlow, Essex. Seventh Edition.
  • Hayat, E., ve Özden, A. S. (2021). Genelleştirilmiş sıralı lojistik regresyon analizi ile bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerine etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(40), 2289-2316.
  • Henden, H. H. R. ve Henden, R. (2005). Yerel yönetimlerin hizmet sunumlarındaki değişim ve e-belediyecilik. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,4 (14) , 48-66.
  • Howard, M. (2001). E-government across the globe: how will exchange government. E-Government, 90, 80.
  • Karataş, E., ve Tarhan, A. (2021). Yerel yönetimlerde e-belediye uygulamaları: büyükşehir belediyeleri üzerine bir içerik analizi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (45), 317-335.
  • Karokola, G., ve Yngström, L. (2009). Discussing E-Government Maturity Models for the Developing World-Security View. In ISSA (ss. 81-98).
  • Kumar, V., Mukerji, B., Butt, I., ve Persaud, A. (2007). Factors for successful e-government adoption: A conceptual framework. Electronic Journal of E-government, 5(1).
  • Layne, K., ve Lee, J. (2001). Developing fully functional E-government: A four stage model. Government information quarterly, 18(2), 122-136.
  • Manoharan, A. P., ve Ingrams, A. (2018). Conceptualizing e-government from local government perspectives. State and Local Government Review, 50(1), 56-66.
  • Metin, A. (2012). Türkiye’de e-devlet uygulaması ve e-devletin bürokrasiye etkisi. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (7), 97-108.
  • Moon, M. J. (2002). The evolution of e‐government among municipalities: rhetoric or reality?. Public Administration Review, 62(4), 424-433.
  • Muir, A., ve Oppenheim, C. (2002). National information policy developments worldwide I: electronic government. Journal of İnformation Science, 28(3), 173-186.
  • Navarro-Galera, A., Alcaraz-Quiles, F. J., ve Ortiz-Rodriguez, D. (2018). Enhancing sustainability transparency in local governments—An empirical research in Europe. Sustainability, 10(7), 2161.
  • Ndou, V. (2004). E–Government for developing countries: opportunities and challenges. The Electronic Journal of İnformation Systems in Developing Countries, 18(1), 1-24.
  • OECD (2003). E-Government Studies The E-Government İmperative. OECD Publishing.
  • Oré, S. B., ve Lozada, V. M. (2017). Maturity Model for Local E-Government. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation - ICCMS ’17.
  • Orhunbilge, N. (2010). Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Yöntemler. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, İşletme Fakültesi Yayını.
  • Osborne, D., ve Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing Government. New York: Plume.
  • Palvia, S.C.J., and Sharma, S.S. (2007). E-Government and E-Governance: Definitions/Domain Framework and Status around the World. http://governance40.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/E-Government_and_E-Governance_Definition.pdf. (E.T.: 1.2.2022).
  • Pardo, T. A., ve Tayi, G. K. (2007). Interorganizational information integration: A key enabler for digital government. Government Information Quarterly, 24(4), 691–715.
  • Peters, B. G. (2001). The Future of Governing (2nd ed.). Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
  • Peters, B. G., ve Pierre, J. (1998). Governance without government? Rethinking public administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8, 223-243.
  • Schwester, R. W. (2009). Examining the barriers to e government adoption. Electronic Journal of E-Government, 7(1), pp113-122.
  • Shackleton, P., ve Dawson, L. (2007). Doing it tough: factors impacting on local e-Government Maturity. 20th Bled eConference eMergence: Merging and Emerging Technologies, Processes, and Institutions (ss. 713-727).
  • Shackleton, P., Fisher, J., ve Dawson, L. (2004). Evolution of local government e-services: the applicability of e-business maturity models. In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Proceedings of the (ss. 9-pp). IEEE.
  • Siau, K., ve Long, Y. (2009). Factors impacting e-government development. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(1), 98-107.
  • Tabachnick, B. G.,ve Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson Education, Nev York, 7th Edition.
  • UN e-Government Report (2008). UN E-Government Survey 2008: From E-Government to Connected Governance. UN White paper.
  • United Nation (2020). United Nations E-Government Survey-2020, Digital Government in The Decade of Action For Sustainable Development, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2020_un_e-government_survey_full_report.pdf, (E.T.:12.1.2022).
  • Valdés, G., Solar, M., Astudillo, H., Iribarren, M., Concha, G., ve Visconti, M. (2011). Conception, development and implementation of an e-Government maturity model in public agencies. Government Information Quarterly, 28(2), 176-187.
  • Welch, E. W., Feeney, M. K., ve Park, C. H. (2016). Determinants of data sharing in u.s. City governments. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 393–403.
  • Yıldırım, M. (2010). Kamu yönetimine güven: e-devlet açısından bir inceleme. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 1-19.
  • Yıldız, M., ve Karakaya Polat, R. (2012). Türkiye’deki e-devlet araştırma ve uygulamalarının eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi ve öneriler. Mehmet Zahid Sobacı ve Mete Yıldız (Der.)
  • E-Devlet: Kamu Yönetimi Teknoloji İlişkisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, s. 623-648.
  • Zheng, Y., ve Schachter, H. L. (2018). The impact of administrator willingness on website e-participation: some evidence from municipalities. Public Performance ve Management Review, 41(1), 1-21.

A REVIEW ON LOCAL AND NATIONAL E-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT MODELS AND ITS DETERMINANTS

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 270 - 297, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1103488

Abstract

There have been significant differences among world countries in the adoption and development of e-government applications at the local level. It is asserted that various socioeconomic, political and demographic factors, especially the level of e-government development at the national level, are effective on these disparities. However, it is observed that the academic works, does not adequately explain influence of national e-government capacity as a determining factor on local digital developments. However, the factors that affect the development of local e-government such as demographic, political, managerial, financial and technical capacity are directly or indirectly associated with the level of adoption and development of e-government tools by public institutions, private sector and civil society that provide public goods and services at the national level. associated with. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between the national e-government development level and the local e-government, and the influence level in terms of different dimensions (such as e-information, e-service and e-participation). For this purpose, in the study, national and local e-government development were compared within the framework of scientific data declared within the scope of the United Nations e-Government Development Survey (2020), and it was interrogated whether national e-government capacity causes significant disparities on local e-government development. Ordinal Regression Analysis was used to achieve this aim. The result of the study is that national telecommunication infrastructure and human capital are the main determinants of local e-government rather than e-participation and online services.

References

  • Akçakaya, M. (2017). E-devlet anlayışı ve Türk kamu yönetiminde e-devlet uygulamaları. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (3), 8-31.
  • Alsaghier, H., Ford, M., Nguyen, A., ve Hexel, R. (2009). Conceptualizing citizen's trust in e-government: application of methodology. Electronic Journal of E-government, 7(4), 295-310.
  • Asgarkhani, M. (2005). Digital government and its effectiveness in public management reform: a local government perspective. Public Management Review, 7(3), 465-487.
  • Azad, B., Faraj, S., Goh, J. M., ve Feghali, T. (2010). What shapes the global diffusion of e-government. Journal of Global Information Management, 18(2), 85–104.
  • Baum, C.; Di Maio, A.(2000). Gartner’s Four Phases of E-Government Model. Gartner Group Inc., Stamford.
  • Bigdeli, A. Z., Kamal, M. M., ve De Cesare, S. (2013). Electronic information sharing in local government authorities: factors influencing the decision-making process. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 816-830.
  • United Nation E-Government Report (2003). UN Global E-Government Survey,https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2003-Survey/Complete-survey.pdf. (E.T.:21.2.2022).
  • Bwalya, K. ve Mutula, S. (2014). E-Government: Implementation, Adoption and Synthesis in Developing Countries. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Saur.
  • Delibaş, K., ve Akgül, A. E. (2010). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de e-devlet uygulamaları: Türkiye’de e-demokrasi ve e-katılım potansiyellerinin harekete geçirilmesi. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 100-144.
  • Demirel, D. (2006). E-devlet ve dünya örnekleri. Sayıştay Dergisi, (61), 83-118.
  • Edmiston, K. D. (2003). State and local e-government: prospects and challenges. The American Review of Public Administration, 33(1), 20-45.
  • Eynon, R., ve Dutton, W. H. (2007). Barriers to networked governments: Evidence from Europe. Prometheus, 25(3), 225-242.
  • Fan, B. (2013). Achieving horizontal integration of municipal e-government in China: assessment of managerial mechanisms. Information development, 29(4), 333-348.
  • Gil-García, J. R. (2007). Exploring e-government benefits and success factors. In Encyclopedia of Digital Government (ss. 803-811). IGI Global.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., ve Tatham, R. L. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis, Pearson Education Limited Harlow, Essex. Seventh Edition.
  • Hayat, E., ve Özden, A. S. (2021). Genelleştirilmiş sıralı lojistik regresyon analizi ile bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerine etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(40), 2289-2316.
  • Henden, H. H. R. ve Henden, R. (2005). Yerel yönetimlerin hizmet sunumlarındaki değişim ve e-belediyecilik. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,4 (14) , 48-66.
  • Howard, M. (2001). E-government across the globe: how will exchange government. E-Government, 90, 80.
  • Karataş, E., ve Tarhan, A. (2021). Yerel yönetimlerde e-belediye uygulamaları: büyükşehir belediyeleri üzerine bir içerik analizi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (45), 317-335.
  • Karokola, G., ve Yngström, L. (2009). Discussing E-Government Maturity Models for the Developing World-Security View. In ISSA (ss. 81-98).
  • Kumar, V., Mukerji, B., Butt, I., ve Persaud, A. (2007). Factors for successful e-government adoption: A conceptual framework. Electronic Journal of E-government, 5(1).
  • Layne, K., ve Lee, J. (2001). Developing fully functional E-government: A four stage model. Government information quarterly, 18(2), 122-136.
  • Manoharan, A. P., ve Ingrams, A. (2018). Conceptualizing e-government from local government perspectives. State and Local Government Review, 50(1), 56-66.
  • Metin, A. (2012). Türkiye’de e-devlet uygulaması ve e-devletin bürokrasiye etkisi. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (7), 97-108.
  • Moon, M. J. (2002). The evolution of e‐government among municipalities: rhetoric or reality?. Public Administration Review, 62(4), 424-433.
  • Muir, A., ve Oppenheim, C. (2002). National information policy developments worldwide I: electronic government. Journal of İnformation Science, 28(3), 173-186.
  • Navarro-Galera, A., Alcaraz-Quiles, F. J., ve Ortiz-Rodriguez, D. (2018). Enhancing sustainability transparency in local governments—An empirical research in Europe. Sustainability, 10(7), 2161.
  • Ndou, V. (2004). E–Government for developing countries: opportunities and challenges. The Electronic Journal of İnformation Systems in Developing Countries, 18(1), 1-24.
  • OECD (2003). E-Government Studies The E-Government İmperative. OECD Publishing.
  • Oré, S. B., ve Lozada, V. M. (2017). Maturity Model for Local E-Government. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation - ICCMS ’17.
  • Orhunbilge, N. (2010). Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Yöntemler. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, İşletme Fakültesi Yayını.
  • Osborne, D., ve Gaebler, T. (1992). Reinventing Government. New York: Plume.
  • Palvia, S.C.J., and Sharma, S.S. (2007). E-Government and E-Governance: Definitions/Domain Framework and Status around the World. http://governance40.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/E-Government_and_E-Governance_Definition.pdf. (E.T.: 1.2.2022).
  • Pardo, T. A., ve Tayi, G. K. (2007). Interorganizational information integration: A key enabler for digital government. Government Information Quarterly, 24(4), 691–715.
  • Peters, B. G. (2001). The Future of Governing (2nd ed.). Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
  • Peters, B. G., ve Pierre, J. (1998). Governance without government? Rethinking public administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8, 223-243.
  • Schwester, R. W. (2009). Examining the barriers to e government adoption. Electronic Journal of E-Government, 7(1), pp113-122.
  • Shackleton, P., ve Dawson, L. (2007). Doing it tough: factors impacting on local e-Government Maturity. 20th Bled eConference eMergence: Merging and Emerging Technologies, Processes, and Institutions (ss. 713-727).
  • Shackleton, P., Fisher, J., ve Dawson, L. (2004). Evolution of local government e-services: the applicability of e-business maturity models. In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Proceedings of the (ss. 9-pp). IEEE.
  • Siau, K., ve Long, Y. (2009). Factors impacting e-government development. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(1), 98-107.
  • Tabachnick, B. G.,ve Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson Education, Nev York, 7th Edition.
  • UN e-Government Report (2008). UN E-Government Survey 2008: From E-Government to Connected Governance. UN White paper.
  • United Nation (2020). United Nations E-Government Survey-2020, Digital Government in The Decade of Action For Sustainable Development, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2020_un_e-government_survey_full_report.pdf, (E.T.:12.1.2022).
  • Valdés, G., Solar, M., Astudillo, H., Iribarren, M., Concha, G., ve Visconti, M. (2011). Conception, development and implementation of an e-Government maturity model in public agencies. Government Information Quarterly, 28(2), 176-187.
  • Welch, E. W., Feeney, M. K., ve Park, C. H. (2016). Determinants of data sharing in u.s. City governments. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 393–403.
  • Yıldırım, M. (2010). Kamu yönetimine güven: e-devlet açısından bir inceleme. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 1-19.
  • Yıldız, M., ve Karakaya Polat, R. (2012). Türkiye’deki e-devlet araştırma ve uygulamalarının eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi ve öneriler. Mehmet Zahid Sobacı ve Mete Yıldız (Der.)
  • E-Devlet: Kamu Yönetimi Teknoloji İlişkisinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, s. 623-648.
  • Zheng, Y., ve Schachter, H. L. (2018). The impact of administrator willingness on website e-participation: some evidence from municipalities. Public Performance ve Management Review, 41(1), 1-21.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Korkmaz Yıldırım 0000-0001-5427-5075

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date April 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldırım, K. (2022). YEREL VE ULUSAL E-DEVLET GELİŞİM MODELLERİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 13(1), 270-297. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1103488