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Interpersonal Therapy and Integration of Different Personality Organizations: A Review of a Major Depressive Disorder Case

Year 2016, , 37 - 52, 01.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.470672

Abstract

Major depressive disorder is characterized by behavioral, affective, cognitive and somatic symptoms.
Nowadays, medical approach for mental disorders is given importance in classification systems; however,
to fully comprehend the reasons of the symptoms, early life experiences should unfold. Interpersonal
therapy (IPT) focuses on early life period and puts a great emphasis on the dynamics of anxiety. The first
interpersonal relation, mother-infant attunement, has profound effect in coping with anxiety. IPT speculates
that the mother could be capable of relieving tension of anxiety and satisfying tension of needs in a child.
If this cannot occur or occur in malevolent ways, the infant is expected to develop detachment, which
may lead to psychological disorders in later life. The severity of symptoms in a patient is also associated
with the enduring personality characteristics; however, IPT avoids it. Personality organization types in
psychoanalytic approach are integrated to compensate for the avoidance of IPT regarding personality.
Accordingly, there are neurotic, borderline and psychotic personality organizations. Borderline organized
ones may behave similar to psychotic ones if they face with severe anxiety. A case with major depressive
disorder coupled with psychotic symptoms is reviewed in the current study. The case is presented with the
effects early life events and current critical incidences. Formulation and treatment course are elaborated in
light of the integration of two theories. Lastly, the implications are discussed.

References

  • Agrell, B., & Dehun, O. (1998). The clock-drawing test. Age and Ageing, 27, 399- 403.
  • Ainsworth, M. (1982). Attachment: Retrospect and prospect. In C. M. Parkes & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.) The Place of Attachment in Human Behavior (pp. 3-30). New York: Basic Books.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV- TR) (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Bender, L. (1938). A visual motor geştalt test and its clinical use (Research Monograph No.3). New York: American Orthopsychiatric Association.
  • Benton, A. L. (1945). A visual retention test for clinical use. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 54(3), 212-216. doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1945.02300090051008
  • Bowlby, J., Robertson, J., & Rosenbluth, D. (1952). The two-year-old goes to the hospital. The Psychoanalytic Study of The Child, 1, 82-94.
  • Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. (1978). The social origins of depression: A study of psychiatric disorders in women. New York: Free Press.
  • Coyne, J. (1976). Towards an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry, 39 (1), 28-40. doi:10.1521/00332747.1976.11023874
  • Evans, F. B. (1996). Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal theory and psychotherapy. London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2008). Theories of personality (7th ed.). United States America: The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc.
  • Fenichel, O. (1945). The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. New York: Norton.
  • Fennell, M. (1988). Depression. In K. Hawton, P. M. Salkovskis, J. Kirk, & D. M. Clark (Eds.). Cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric problems: A practical guide (169- 234). Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications. 169 234
  • Folstein, F. F., Folstein, S., & McHugh P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method of grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 12(3), 189-198.
  • Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement, Papers on Metapsychology and Other Works. London: The Hoghard.
  • Gabbard, G. O. (2004). Long term psychodynamic psychotherapy: A basic text. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Klerman, G. L., Weissman, M. M., Rounsaville, B. J., & Chevron, E. (1984). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • McWilliams, N. (2010). Psikanalitik tanı (Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak) (E. Kalem, Çev.) İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Mufson, L., Dorta, K. P., Moreau, D., & Weissman, M. M. (2004). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (2nd ed). New York: The Guildford.
  • Oltmanns, T. F., & Emery, R. E. (2006). Abnormal psychology (5th ed). New Jersey: Pearson.
  • Parker, G. (1979). Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 138–147. doi: 10.1192/bjp.134.2.138
  • Plante, T. G. (2005). Comtemporary clinical psychology (2nd ed). New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Volkan, V., & Itzkowitz, N. (2008). Ölümsüz Atatürk. İstanbul: Bağlam.
  • Weissman, M. M., Markowitz, J. C., & Klerman G. L. (2000). A comprehensive guide to interpersonal psychotherapy. Albany, NY: Basic Books.

Kişilerarası Psikoterapi ve Kişilik Organizasyonlarının Entegrasyonu: Majör Depresif Bozukluk Vakasının Gözden Geçirilmesi

Year 2016, , 37 - 52, 01.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.470672

Abstract

Majör depresif bozukluk; davranışsal, duygulanımsal, bilişsel ve bedensel semptomları içerir. Günümüzde ruh hastalıklarının sınıflandırılmasında tıbbi yaklaşıma önem verilmektedir; ancak hastalıkların nedenlerini bütüncül olarak anlayabilmek için erken dönem deneyimlerin ele alınması gereklidir. Kişilerarası Psikoterapi (KPT) erken dönem yaşantılara odaklanır ve kaygı dinamikleri üzerine vurgu yapar. İlk kişilerarası deneyim olan anne ve bebek arasındaki duygusal uyumun kaygı ile başa çıkma üzerinde önemli bir etkisi vardır. KPT, annenin çocuğun kaygı tansiyonunu rahatlatması ve ihtiyaç gerilimini doyurması gerektiğini öne sürer. Eğer bu olmaz ya da kötücül yollarla olur ise, çocuğun bir bağlanma problemi olan kopmayı yaşaması beklenmektedir ve bu durumun ileriki yaşlarda psikolojik bozukluklara yol açabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bir hastadaki semptomların şiddeti süreğen kişilik özellikleri ile de ilgilidir; ancak KPT bunu ele almaz. Bu amaçla, psikanalitik yaklaşımda ele alınan kişilik organizasyonu çeşitleri, KPT ile entegre edilmiştir. Buna göre nevrotik, sınır durum ve psikotik kişilik organizasyonları bulunmaktadır. Sınır durum örgütlenmiş kişilikler, şiddetli bir kaygı durumunda psikotik olanlara benzer şekilde davranırlar. Bu çalışmada, majör depresif bozukluğu ve psikotik semptomları olan bir vaka ele alınmıştır. İlgili vaka, erken dönem yaşantıları ve güncel kritik olayları çerçevesinde sunulmuştur. Vaka formülasyonu ve tedavi süreci iki teorinin entegre edilmesi ile detaylandırılmıştır. Son olarak, terapötik çıkarımlar tartışılmıştır

References

  • Agrell, B., & Dehun, O. (1998). The clock-drawing test. Age and Ageing, 27, 399- 403.
  • Ainsworth, M. (1982). Attachment: Retrospect and prospect. In C. M. Parkes & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.) The Place of Attachment in Human Behavior (pp. 3-30). New York: Basic Books.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV- TR) (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Bender, L. (1938). A visual motor geştalt test and its clinical use (Research Monograph No.3). New York: American Orthopsychiatric Association.
  • Benton, A. L. (1945). A visual retention test for clinical use. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 54(3), 212-216. doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1945.02300090051008
  • Bowlby, J., Robertson, J., & Rosenbluth, D. (1952). The two-year-old goes to the hospital. The Psychoanalytic Study of The Child, 1, 82-94.
  • Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. (1978). The social origins of depression: A study of psychiatric disorders in women. New York: Free Press.
  • Coyne, J. (1976). Towards an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry, 39 (1), 28-40. doi:10.1521/00332747.1976.11023874
  • Evans, F. B. (1996). Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal theory and psychotherapy. London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2008). Theories of personality (7th ed.). United States America: The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc.
  • Fenichel, O. (1945). The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. New York: Norton.
  • Fennell, M. (1988). Depression. In K. Hawton, P. M. Salkovskis, J. Kirk, & D. M. Clark (Eds.). Cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric problems: A practical guide (169- 234). Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications. 169 234
  • Folstein, F. F., Folstein, S., & McHugh P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method of grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 12(3), 189-198.
  • Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement, Papers on Metapsychology and Other Works. London: The Hoghard.
  • Gabbard, G. O. (2004). Long term psychodynamic psychotherapy: A basic text. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Klerman, G. L., Weissman, M. M., Rounsaville, B. J., & Chevron, E. (1984). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • McWilliams, N. (2010). Psikanalitik tanı (Klinik süreç içinde kişilik yapısını anlamak) (E. Kalem, Çev.) İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Mufson, L., Dorta, K. P., Moreau, D., & Weissman, M. M. (2004). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (2nd ed). New York: The Guildford.
  • Oltmanns, T. F., & Emery, R. E. (2006). Abnormal psychology (5th ed). New Jersey: Pearson.
  • Parker, G. (1979). Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 138–147. doi: 10.1192/bjp.134.2.138
  • Plante, T. G. (2005). Comtemporary clinical psychology (2nd ed). New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
  • Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Volkan, V., & Itzkowitz, N. (2008). Ölümsüz Atatürk. İstanbul: Bağlam.
  • Weissman, M. M., Markowitz, J. C., & Klerman G. L. (2000). A comprehensive guide to interpersonal psychotherapy. Albany, NY: Basic Books.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Other ID JA85EH29UE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuğba Yılmaz

Publication Date June 1, 2016
Submission Date June 1, 2016
Acceptance Date June 22, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016

Cite

APA Yılmaz, T. (2016). Kişilerarası Psikoterapi ve Kişilik Organizasyonlarının Entegrasyonu: Majör Depresif Bozukluk Vakasının Gözden Geçirilmesi. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(2), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.470672