Research Article
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Evaluation of Social Anxiety in Adolescents' Use of Social Media in the Context of Vulnerable Narcissism

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 189 - 203, 22.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.611758

Abstract

Narcissism is a personality trait that is explained by concepts such as grandiosity, lack of empathy, self-seeking behavior and jealousy. In recent studies, vulnerable narcissism dimension which consists of the feelings of anger, shyness and insecurity is evaluated conceptually different from the grandiose narcissism dimension. Narcissistic vulnerability seem to play a central role in adolescents’ psychosocial development. For example, adolescents exhibit social withdrawal when they receive negative comments about themselves. Studies indicate that there is a strong similarity and relationship between vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the relationship between the sub-dimensions of vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety experienced during social media usage among adolescents. Personal information form, Five Factor Narcissism Scale (FFNS) and Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users (SAS-SMU) were used. SPSS Statistics 22 program was used for data analysis. The sample consisted of 9th grade students from Private Bağcılar Şafak Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School. The results indicated a strong relationship between vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety in adolesencent socia media users. It has been concluded that sub-dimensions of vulnerable narcissism, namely insecurity, need for admiration and shame are significant predictors of social anxiety experienced during the use of social media. The findings obtained from the study and how these findings can be integrated into psychological interventions targetting adolescents are discussed.

References

  • Alkış, Y., Kadirhan, Z., & Sat, M. (2017). Development and validation of social anxiety scale for social media users. Computers in Human Behavior, 72(C), 296-303. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.011
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-III. Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV, text revision. Washington, DC: Author
  • Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
  • Aydoğmuş, E. N. A., & Yıldırım, M. S. Ö. Ergenlerde sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet ile problemli internet kullanımı arasındaki ilişkide sosyal medya tutumlarının aracılık rolü. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 15-32.
  • Barry, C. T., & Ansel, L. L. (2011). Assessment of youth narcissism. In W. K. Cambell, & J. D. Miller, (Eds), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments (pp. 153-163). New Jersey: Wiley.
  • Barry, C. T., Doucette, H., Loflin, D. C., Rivera-Hudson, N., & Herrington, L. L. (2017). “Let me take a selfie”: Associations between self-photography, narcissism, and self-esteem. Psychology of popular media culture, 6(1), 48. doi: 10.1037/ppm0000089
  • Beck, J. S., & Beck, A. T. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford press.
  • Biolcati, R., & Passini, S. (2018). Narcissism and self-esteem: Different motivations for selfie posting behaviors. Cogent Psychology, 5(1), 1437012. doi: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1437012
  • Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(2), 187–195. doi: 10.1016/s0747-5632(00)00041-8
  • Eksi, F. (2016). The short form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: Psychometric equivalence of the Turkish version. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(4), 1081-1096. doi:10.12738/estp.2016.4.0001
  • Ekşi, H., Erden, N., Erdoğan, F. H. ve Yılmaz, E. (2013). Ergenlerin kimlik oluşumunun Facebook üzerinden incelenmesi: Nitel araştırma örneği. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 295-313. doi: 10.19126/suje.40198
  • Eldoğan, D. ve Tunçel, E. (2017). Kırılgan Narsisizm ve Sosyal Kaygı Bozukluğu: Benzerlikler ve Farklılıklar. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(11), 426-448. doi: 10.7816/nesne-05-11-05
  • Ellis, H. (1897). Studies in the psychology of sex. New York: Random House
  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Esen, E. ve Siyez, D. (2011). Ergenlerde internet bağımlılığını yordayan psiko-sosyal değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4 (36), 127-138.
  • Freud, S. (2006). Narsisizm üzerine ve Scherber vakası. (M. Atakay, Çev.). Metis Yayınları: İstanbul. (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1914).
  • Frick, P. J., O'brien, B. S., Wootton, J. M., & McBurnett, K. (1994). Psychopathy and conduct problems in children. Journal of abnormal psychology, 103(4), 700. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.103.4.700
  • Gabbard, G. O., & Crisp, H. (2018). Narcissism and its discontents: Diagnostic dilemmas and treatment strategies with narcissistic patients. American Psychiatric Pub.
  • Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 500-512. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2012.670680
  • Hendin, H. M., & Cheek, J. M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of Murray's Narcism Scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(4), 588-599. doi: 10.1006/jrpe.1997.2204
  • Huck, S. W. (2012) Reading statistics and research. Boston: Pearson.
  • Keating, R. T., Hendy, H. M., & Can, S. H. (2016). Demographic and psychosocial variables associated with good and bad perceptions of social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 93-98. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.002
  • Kohut, H. (2006). Kendiliğin çözümlenmesi. (C. Atbaşoğlu, B. Büyükkal & C. İşcan, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları. (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1971).
  • Ksinan, A. J., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2016). Narcissism, internet, and social relations: A study of two tales. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 118-123. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.016
  • Levy, K. N., Ellison, W. D., & Reynoso, J. S. (2011). A historical review of narcissism and narcissistic personality. In W. K. Campbell & J. D. Miller (Eds.), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments (pp. 3–13). New Jersey: Wiley.
  • McCain, J. L., Borg, Z. G., Rothenberg, A. H., Churillo, K. M., Weiler, P., & Campbell, W. K. (2016). Personality and selfies: Narcissism and the Dark Triad. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 126-133. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.050
  • Mechanic, K. L., & Barry, C. T. (2015). Adolescent grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: Associations with perceived parenting practices. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(5), 1510-1518. doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-9956-x
  • Miller, J. D., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and the DSM–5 pathological personality trait model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(3), 284-290. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2012.685907
  • Muench, F., Hayes, M., Kuerbis, A., & Shao, S. (2015). The independent relationship between trouble controlling Facebook use, time spent on the site and distress. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(3), 163-169. doi: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.013
  • Pincus, A. L., Cain, N. M., & Wright, A. G. (2014). Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability in psychotherapy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5(4), 439. doi:10.1037/per0000031
  • Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. A. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421–446. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
  • Rosenfeld, H. (1987). Impasse and interpretation. London, England: Tavistock.
  • Schurman, C. L. (2001). Social phobia, shame and hypersensitive narcissism. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Wright Enstitüsü: California.
  • Sherman, E. D., Miller, J. D., Few, L. R., Campbell, W. K., Widiger, T. A., Crego, C., & Lynam, D. R. (2015). Development of a Short Form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: The FFNISF. Psychological Assessment, 27(3), 1110. doi: 10.1037/pas0000100
  • TÜİK (2018). Hanelerde Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028 Erişim tarihi (21.08.2019)
  • TÜİK (2019). Hanelerde Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028 Erişim tarihi (21.08.2019).
  • Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 584-590. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584
  • Vernon, L., Modecki, K. L., & Barber, B. L. (2017). Tracking effects of problematic social networking on adolescent psychopathology: The mediating role of sleep disruptions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(2), 269-283. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1188702
  • Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Zhang, D. J., & Su, Z. Q. (2012). The relationships among the Big Five Personality factors, self-esteem, narcissism, and sensation-seeking to Chinese University students’ uses of social networking sites (SNSs). Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2313-2319. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.001

Ergenlerin Sosyal Medya Kullanımında Yaşadıkları Sosyal Anksiyetenin Kırılgan Narsisizm Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 189 - 203, 22.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.611758

Abstract

Narsisizm,
kibir, empati eksikliği, başkasını çıkarları için kullanma ve haset gibi
kavramlar ile açıklanan bir kişilik özelliğidir. Araştırmacılar son yıllarda
tepkisel öfke, utanç ve güvensizlik ile belirgin kırılgan narsisizm boyutunu,
büyüklenmeci narsisizm boyutundan ayrı ele almaktadır. Narsistik kırılganlık,
ergen gelişiminde merkezi bir rol oynamakta; benliklerine yönelik olumsuz
yorumlar aldıklarında ergenler, sosyal geri çekilme sergilemektedir. Yapılan
çalışmalar, kırılan narsisizm ile sosyal fobi ve sosyal anksiyete arasında
güçlü bir benzerlik ve ilişkinin bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, ergenlerde narsisizmin alt boyutları ile sosyal medya kullanımında
yaşanan sosyal anksiyete arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmada kişisel
bilgi formu, Beş Faktörlü Narsisizm Ölçeği (BFNÖ) Kırılgan Narsisizm Alt Ölçeği,
Sosyal Medya Kullanıcıları İçin Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeği (SMKSAÖ)
kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS Statistics 22 programı kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmanın örneklemini Özel Bağcılar Şafak Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi’nde
9. sınıflarda okuyan öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, kırılgan
narsisizm ile sosyal medya kullanımında yaşanan sosyal anksiyete arasında
pozitif yönlü güçlü bir ilişki vardır. Kırılgan narsisizmin güvensizlik,
hayranlık ihtiyacı, tepkisel öfke ve utanç alt boyutları sosyal medya
kullanımında hissedilen sosyal anksiyetedeki varyansın %32’sini açıklamıştır. Çalışma
sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ve söz konusu bulguların ergen kliniğine nasıl
entegre edilebileceği tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Alkış, Y., Kadirhan, Z., & Sat, M. (2017). Development and validation of social anxiety scale for social media users. Computers in Human Behavior, 72(C), 296-303. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.011
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-III. Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV, text revision. Washington, DC: Author
  • Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006
  • Aydoğmuş, E. N. A., & Yıldırım, M. S. Ö. Ergenlerde sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet ile problemli internet kullanımı arasındaki ilişkide sosyal medya tutumlarının aracılık rolü. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 15-32.
  • Barry, C. T., & Ansel, L. L. (2011). Assessment of youth narcissism. In W. K. Cambell, & J. D. Miller, (Eds), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments (pp. 153-163). New Jersey: Wiley.
  • Barry, C. T., Doucette, H., Loflin, D. C., Rivera-Hudson, N., & Herrington, L. L. (2017). “Let me take a selfie”: Associations between self-photography, narcissism, and self-esteem. Psychology of popular media culture, 6(1), 48. doi: 10.1037/ppm0000089
  • Beck, J. S., & Beck, A. T. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford press.
  • Biolcati, R., & Passini, S. (2018). Narcissism and self-esteem: Different motivations for selfie posting behaviors. Cogent Psychology, 5(1), 1437012. doi: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1437012
  • Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(2), 187–195. doi: 10.1016/s0747-5632(00)00041-8
  • Eksi, F. (2016). The short form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: Psychometric equivalence of the Turkish version. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(4), 1081-1096. doi:10.12738/estp.2016.4.0001
  • Ekşi, H., Erden, N., Erdoğan, F. H. ve Yılmaz, E. (2013). Ergenlerin kimlik oluşumunun Facebook üzerinden incelenmesi: Nitel araştırma örneği. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 295-313. doi: 10.19126/suje.40198
  • Eldoğan, D. ve Tunçel, E. (2017). Kırılgan Narsisizm ve Sosyal Kaygı Bozukluğu: Benzerlikler ve Farklılıklar. Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(11), 426-448. doi: 10.7816/nesne-05-11-05
  • Ellis, H. (1897). Studies in the psychology of sex. New York: Random House
  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Esen, E. ve Siyez, D. (2011). Ergenlerde internet bağımlılığını yordayan psiko-sosyal değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4 (36), 127-138.
  • Freud, S. (2006). Narsisizm üzerine ve Scherber vakası. (M. Atakay, Çev.). Metis Yayınları: İstanbul. (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1914).
  • Frick, P. J., O'brien, B. S., Wootton, J. M., & McBurnett, K. (1994). Psychopathy and conduct problems in children. Journal of abnormal psychology, 103(4), 700. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.103.4.700
  • Gabbard, G. O., & Crisp, H. (2018). Narcissism and its discontents: Diagnostic dilemmas and treatment strategies with narcissistic patients. American Psychiatric Pub.
  • Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 500-512. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2012.670680
  • Hendin, H. M., & Cheek, J. M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitive narcissism: A reexamination of Murray's Narcism Scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(4), 588-599. doi: 10.1006/jrpe.1997.2204
  • Huck, S. W. (2012) Reading statistics and research. Boston: Pearson.
  • Keating, R. T., Hendy, H. M., & Can, S. H. (2016). Demographic and psychosocial variables associated with good and bad perceptions of social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 93-98. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.002
  • Kohut, H. (2006). Kendiliğin çözümlenmesi. (C. Atbaşoğlu, B. Büyükkal & C. İşcan, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları. (Orijinal yayın tarihi, 1971).
  • Ksinan, A. J., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2016). Narcissism, internet, and social relations: A study of two tales. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 118-123. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.016
  • Levy, K. N., Ellison, W. D., & Reynoso, J. S. (2011). A historical review of narcissism and narcissistic personality. In W. K. Campbell & J. D. Miller (Eds.), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments (pp. 3–13). New Jersey: Wiley.
  • McCain, J. L., Borg, Z. G., Rothenberg, A. H., Churillo, K. M., Weiler, P., & Campbell, W. K. (2016). Personality and selfies: Narcissism and the Dark Triad. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 126-133. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.050
  • Mechanic, K. L., & Barry, C. T. (2015). Adolescent grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: Associations with perceived parenting practices. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(5), 1510-1518. doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-9956-x
  • Miller, J. D., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and the DSM–5 pathological personality trait model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(3), 284-290. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2012.685907
  • Muench, F., Hayes, M., Kuerbis, A., & Shao, S. (2015). The independent relationship between trouble controlling Facebook use, time spent on the site and distress. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(3), 163-169. doi: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.013
  • Pincus, A. L., Cain, N. M., & Wright, A. G. (2014). Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability in psychotherapy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5(4), 439. doi:10.1037/per0000031
  • Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. A. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421–446. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215
  • Rosenfeld, H. (1987). Impasse and interpretation. London, England: Tavistock.
  • Schurman, C. L. (2001). Social phobia, shame and hypersensitive narcissism. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Wright Enstitüsü: California.
  • Sherman, E. D., Miller, J. D., Few, L. R., Campbell, W. K., Widiger, T. A., Crego, C., & Lynam, D. R. (2015). Development of a Short Form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory: The FFNISF. Psychological Assessment, 27(3), 1110. doi: 10.1037/pas0000100
  • TÜİK (2018). Hanelerde Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028 Erişim tarihi (21.08.2019)
  • TÜİK (2019). Hanelerde Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1028 Erişim tarihi (21.08.2019).
  • Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 584-590. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584
  • Vernon, L., Modecki, K. L., & Barber, B. L. (2017). Tracking effects of problematic social networking on adolescent psychopathology: The mediating role of sleep disruptions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(2), 269-283. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1188702
  • Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Zhang, D. J., & Su, Z. Q. (2012). The relationships among the Big Five Personality factors, self-esteem, narcissism, and sensation-seeking to Chinese University students’ uses of social networking sites (SNSs). Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2313-2319. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.001
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdullah Kahraman 0000-0002-9473-7358

Ahmet Sapancı 0000-0003-4688-6890

Fatma Serbes 0000-0001-9358-580X

Publication Date June 22, 2020
Submission Date August 27, 2019
Acceptance Date April 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kahraman, A., Sapancı, A., & Serbes, F. (2020). Ergenlerin Sosyal Medya Kullanımında Yaşadıkları Sosyal Anksiyetenin Kırılgan Narsisizm Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 189-203. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.611758