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Anoreksiya Nervoza Tarihinin Psikanalitik Perspektiften Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 428 - 444, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1352772

Abstract

Antik dönemlerden günümüze değin tarihte kendine yer bulan anoreksiya nervoza, tanımı ve etiyolojisi ile birlikte yıllar içerisinde çeşitli tartışmalara neden olmuş; etiyolojisi ve tanımı yıllar içinde evrilmiştir. Bu evrim, psikanalitik yaklaşımda da kendi göstermiş ve belirli dönemlerde ana akım psikiyatriyi de etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmada da anoreksiya nervozanın, antik dönemlerden bugüne olan evrimi psikanalitik çerçeve ve Lacan’ın teorisi bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Lacan’ın anoreksiya nervoza hakkındaki görüşleri, kendi teorisinin gelişimine paralel olarak değişiklik göstermiş ve Lacan, anoreksiya nervozayı öznenin Büyük Başka ile olan ilişkisi bağlamında değerlendirmiştir. Bu ilişkilenme erken ve orta dönem Lacanyen metinlerde anoreksik öznenin “reddetmesi” ve “hiçlik yemesi” kavramları bağlamında simgeseldeki eksikliğin gerçek üzerinden telafi edilmeye çalışması şeklinde ele alınırken Lacan’ın geç dönemlerine ait metinlerde kastrasyonun reddi ve jouissance’ın sürdürülmesi bağlamında da yorumlanmıştır. Bu değişiklik anoreksiya nervoza, anlamı ve işlevi olan bilinçdışı bir mesaj mıdır yoksa anlamdan yoksun, bilinçdışının yerine bedenin konuştuğu bir sinthome mudur tartışmalarına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada da anoreksiya nervozanın tarihi psikanalitik çerçeve içerisinde ve Lacan’ın metinleri bağlamında kronolojik olarak ele alınmıştır.

Ethical Statement

Bu tez Eylül Ceren Hekimoğlu'nun doktora tezinden üretilmiştir.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (1. Basım). Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2. Basım). Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1981). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3. Basım). Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4. Basım). Author
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4. Basım, Text Revision). Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5. Basım). Author.
  • Behar, R. ve Arancibia, M. (2015). Ascetism and spirituality in anorexia nervosa: a historical psychosocial analysis. Salud Mental, 38(3), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2015.031
  • Bell, R. M. (1985). Holly anorexia (1. Basım). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bemporad, J. R. (1996). Self‐starvation through the ages: Reflections on the pre‐history of anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19(3), 217-237. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199604)19:3<217::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-P
  • Bulut, N. S., Yorguner Küpeli, N., Çarkaxhius Bulut, G. ve Topçuoğlu V. (2017). Anoreksiya nervozada psikososyal tedaviler. Psikiyatrik Güncel Çalışmalar, 9(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.288664
  • Caparrotta, L. ve Ghaffari, K. (2006). A historical overview of the psychodynamic contributions to the understanding of eating disorders. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 20(3), 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/02668730600868807
  • Cosenza, D. (2013). El muro de la anorexia (1. Basım). RBA Libros.
  • Cosenza, D. (2016). Body and language in eating disorders. European Journal of Psychoanalysis. Journal of Psychoanalysis’den alınmıştır: http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/body-andanguage-in-eating-disorders-1/
  • Dell‘Osso, L., Abelli, M., Carpita, B., Pini, S., Castellini, G., Carmassi, C. ve Ricca, V. (2016). Historical evolution of the concept of anorexia nervosa and relationships with ortorexia nervosa, autism, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 1651-1660. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S108912
  • Demir Hekimoğlu, E. C. (2023). When the boundaries exceed: Thematic analysis of anorexia nervosa in Lacanian Psychoanalysis [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Evans, D. (1996). An introductory of Lacanian psychoanalysis (1. Basım). Routledge.
  • Farrell, E. (1995). Lost for words: The psychoanalysis of anorexia nervosa and blumia (1. Basım). Process Press.
  • Freud, S. ve Breuer, J. (2013). Histeri üzerine çalışmalar (E. Kapkın, Çev.). Payel Yayınları (1893)
  • Freud, S. (1985). The complete letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess (J. M. Masson, Çev.). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. (1887-1904)
  • Freud, S. (2017). Three essays on the theory of sexuality (J. Strachey, Çev.). Verso Books. (1905)
  • Gençöz, T. ve Özbek-Şimşek, D. (2020). Psikanalitik psikoterapiler. İçinde M. Eskin, M. Dereboy ve N. Karancı (Edl.), Klinik psikoloji: Bilim ve uygulama (ss. 379-408). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Habermas, T. (2015). History of anorexia nervosa. İçinde M. P. Levine ve L. Smolak (Edl.), The wiley handbook of eating disorders (ss. 11-24). Wiley.
  • Hekimoğlu, E. C. ve Bilik, M. Z. (2020). Freud’dan Lacan’a kaygı. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(3), 336-367. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.761464
  • Lacan, J. (1998). The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis: The seminar of Jacques Lacan XI (A. Sheridan, Çev.). W.W. Norton & Company. (1964)
  • Lacan, J. (2006a). The family complex in the formation of the individual (B. Fink, Çev.). İçinde B. Fink ve Grigg, R. (Edl.), Ecrits: The first complete edition in English. Norton & Company. (1938)
  • Lacan, J. (2006b) The direction of the treatment and the principles of its power. (B. Fink, Çev.). In B. Fink ve Grigg, R. (Edl.), Ecrits: The first complete edition in English (ss. 489-542) Norton & Company. (1958)
  • Lacan, J. (2007). The Other side of psychoanalysis: The seminar of Jacques Lacan XVII (R. Grigg, Çev.). W. W. Norton & Company. (1969-1970)
  • Lacan, J. (2016). The seminar of Jacques Lacan. Book X: Anxiety (A. R. Price, Çev.). Polity Press. (1962-1963)
  • Lacan, J. (2020). The object relation: The seminar of Jacques Lacan. Book IV (A. Price, Çev). Polity Press. (1956-1957)
  • Miller, J. A. (2015). The unconscious and the speaking body. Hurly-Burly, 12(1), 119-132.
  • Özbek Şimşek, D. (2019). There is more to it than just being thin: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients’ perceptions of anorexia nervosa [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Pearce, J. M. S. (2004). Richard Morton: Origins of anorexia nervosa. European Neurology, 52(4), 191-192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000082033
  • Recalcati, M. (2010). Separation and refusal: Some considerations on the anorexic choice. Dans Psychanalyse 18(2), 5-17.
  • Rudge, A. M. ve Fuks, B. (2016). The implication of the sadistic superego in anorexia. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 25(1), 12-18.
  • Saklı Demirbaş, Y. (2021). Dora vakası. İçinde T. Gençöz (Ed.), Freud’dan Lacan’a vaka incelemeleri ve psikanalitik değerlendirmeler Cilt 2 (ss. 67-118). Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Silverman, J. A. (1987). Robert Whytt, 1714‐1766, eighteenth century limner of anorexia nervosa and bulimia, an essay. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(1), 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/136346159002700301
  • Silverman, J. A. (1997). Charcot's comments on the therapeutic role of isolation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21(3), 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199704)21:3<295::aid-eat10>3.0.co;2-#

Evaluation of the History of Anorexia Nervosa from a Psychoanalytic Perspective

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 428 - 444, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1352772

Abstract

Anorexia nervosa, which has found its place in history from ancient times to the present, has caused various debates about its pathology and etiology, and its etiology and definition have evolved over the years. This evolution has also manifested in the psychoanalytic approach and affected mainstream psychiatry at certain times. In this study, the evolution of anorexia nervosa from ancient times to the present was discussed in the context of the psychoanalytic framework and Lacan's theory. Lacan's views on anorexia nervosa have changed in parallel with the development of his theory, and Lacan evaluated anorexia nervosa in the context of the subject's relationship with the Big Other. While this association was interpreted as trying to make up for the deficiency in the symbolic through the real in the context of the concepts of rejection of the anorexic subject and "eating nothingness," it was discussed with regard to rejection of castration and the continuation of jouissance in the later texts of Lacan. This transformation caused debates as to whether anorexia nervosa is an unconscious message with meaning and function, or is a sinthome devoid of meaning, where the body speaks instead of the unconscious. In this study, Lacan's texts were discussed chronologically, and his perspective on anorexia nervosa were inspected within the framework of these questions.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (1. Basım). Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2. Basım). Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1981). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3. Basım). Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4. Basım). Author
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4. Basım, Text Revision). Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5. Basım). Author.
  • Behar, R. ve Arancibia, M. (2015). Ascetism and spirituality in anorexia nervosa: a historical psychosocial analysis. Salud Mental, 38(3), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2015.031
  • Bell, R. M. (1985). Holly anorexia (1. Basım). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bemporad, J. R. (1996). Self‐starvation through the ages: Reflections on the pre‐history of anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19(3), 217-237. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199604)19:3<217::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-P
  • Bulut, N. S., Yorguner Küpeli, N., Çarkaxhius Bulut, G. ve Topçuoğlu V. (2017). Anoreksiya nervozada psikososyal tedaviler. Psikiyatrik Güncel Çalışmalar, 9(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.288664
  • Caparrotta, L. ve Ghaffari, K. (2006). A historical overview of the psychodynamic contributions to the understanding of eating disorders. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 20(3), 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/02668730600868807
  • Cosenza, D. (2013). El muro de la anorexia (1. Basım). RBA Libros.
  • Cosenza, D. (2016). Body and language in eating disorders. European Journal of Psychoanalysis. Journal of Psychoanalysis’den alınmıştır: http://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/body-andanguage-in-eating-disorders-1/
  • Dell‘Osso, L., Abelli, M., Carpita, B., Pini, S., Castellini, G., Carmassi, C. ve Ricca, V. (2016). Historical evolution of the concept of anorexia nervosa and relationships with ortorexia nervosa, autism, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 1651-1660. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S108912
  • Demir Hekimoğlu, E. C. (2023). When the boundaries exceed: Thematic analysis of anorexia nervosa in Lacanian Psychoanalysis [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Evans, D. (1996). An introductory of Lacanian psychoanalysis (1. Basım). Routledge.
  • Farrell, E. (1995). Lost for words: The psychoanalysis of anorexia nervosa and blumia (1. Basım). Process Press.
  • Freud, S. ve Breuer, J. (2013). Histeri üzerine çalışmalar (E. Kapkın, Çev.). Payel Yayınları (1893)
  • Freud, S. (1985). The complete letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess (J. M. Masson, Çev.). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. (1887-1904)
  • Freud, S. (2017). Three essays on the theory of sexuality (J. Strachey, Çev.). Verso Books. (1905)
  • Gençöz, T. ve Özbek-Şimşek, D. (2020). Psikanalitik psikoterapiler. İçinde M. Eskin, M. Dereboy ve N. Karancı (Edl.), Klinik psikoloji: Bilim ve uygulama (ss. 379-408). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Habermas, T. (2015). History of anorexia nervosa. İçinde M. P. Levine ve L. Smolak (Edl.), The wiley handbook of eating disorders (ss. 11-24). Wiley.
  • Hekimoğlu, E. C. ve Bilik, M. Z. (2020). Freud’dan Lacan’a kaygı. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(3), 336-367. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.761464
  • Lacan, J. (1998). The four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis: The seminar of Jacques Lacan XI (A. Sheridan, Çev.). W.W. Norton & Company. (1964)
  • Lacan, J. (2006a). The family complex in the formation of the individual (B. Fink, Çev.). İçinde B. Fink ve Grigg, R. (Edl.), Ecrits: The first complete edition in English. Norton & Company. (1938)
  • Lacan, J. (2006b) The direction of the treatment and the principles of its power. (B. Fink, Çev.). In B. Fink ve Grigg, R. (Edl.), Ecrits: The first complete edition in English (ss. 489-542) Norton & Company. (1958)
  • Lacan, J. (2007). The Other side of psychoanalysis: The seminar of Jacques Lacan XVII (R. Grigg, Çev.). W. W. Norton & Company. (1969-1970)
  • Lacan, J. (2016). The seminar of Jacques Lacan. Book X: Anxiety (A. R. Price, Çev.). Polity Press. (1962-1963)
  • Lacan, J. (2020). The object relation: The seminar of Jacques Lacan. Book IV (A. Price, Çev). Polity Press. (1956-1957)
  • Miller, J. A. (2015). The unconscious and the speaking body. Hurly-Burly, 12(1), 119-132.
  • Özbek Şimşek, D. (2019). There is more to it than just being thin: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients’ perceptions of anorexia nervosa [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Pearce, J. M. S. (2004). Richard Morton: Origins of anorexia nervosa. European Neurology, 52(4), 191-192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000082033
  • Recalcati, M. (2010). Separation and refusal: Some considerations on the anorexic choice. Dans Psychanalyse 18(2), 5-17.
  • Rudge, A. M. ve Fuks, B. (2016). The implication of the sadistic superego in anorexia. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 25(1), 12-18.
  • Saklı Demirbaş, Y. (2021). Dora vakası. İçinde T. Gençöz (Ed.), Freud’dan Lacan’a vaka incelemeleri ve psikanalitik değerlendirmeler Cilt 2 (ss. 67-118). Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Silverman, J. A. (1987). Robert Whytt, 1714‐1766, eighteenth century limner of anorexia nervosa and bulimia, an essay. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(1), 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/136346159002700301
  • Silverman, J. A. (1997). Charcot's comments on the therapeutic role of isolation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21(3), 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199704)21:3<295::aid-eat10>3.0.co;2-#
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Eylül Ceren Demir Hekimoğlu 0000-0002-9092-1131

Elif Ünal 0000-0002-2237-4105

Tülin Gençöz 0000-0002-2827-7461

Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date August 30, 2023
Acceptance Date September 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Demir Hekimoğlu, E. C., Ünal, E., & Gençöz, T. (2023). Anoreksiya Nervoza Tarihinin Psikanalitik Perspektiften Değerlendirilmesi. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(3), 428-444. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1352772