Farklı ekim sıklığı ve hasat dönemlerinin aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’de kuru madde verimi ile bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri

Year 2022, , 147 - 154, 31.07.2022

Ramazan Çalışkan Osman Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1058081

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, farklı ekim sıklıkları ve gelişme dönemlerinin aspirin kuru madde verimi ve bazı kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırma, tesadüf bloklarında faktöriyel deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak 2021 yılında Uşak’ta yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında aspir 30, 60, 90, 120 ve 150 bitki m-2 ekim sıklıklarında yetiştirilmiş ve tabla çıkarma, çiçeklenme başlangıcı ve tam çiçeklenme dönemi olmak üzere 3 farklı gelişme döneminde hasat edilmiştir. Araştırmada aspirin bitki boyu, yeşil ot verimi, kuru madde verimi, ham protein oranı, ham protein verimi, NDF ve ADF oranları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre aspirde uygulamalara bağlı olarak bitki boyu 72.35-77.67 cm, yeşil ot verimi 1333.54-2001.87 kg/da, kuru madde oranı %16.53-40.73, kuru madde verimi 303.72-585.86 kg/da, ham protein oranı % 8.36-12.29, ham protein verimi 37.40-55.23 kg/da, NDF oranı % 31.30-47.92 ve ADF oranı % 27.61-38.59 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışmada artan bitki sıklığı yeşil ot, kuru madde ve ham protein verimini artırırken ilerleyen hasat dönemi kalite özelliklerinde azalmalara neden olmuştur. Sonuç: Çalışma sonunda kaba yem amacıyla yetiştirilen aspirde m2’ de 90 bitkinin yer alması ve hasadın çiçeklenme başlangıcı dönemde yapılmasının yüksek ot verimi ve kalite için daha uygun olduğu ancak sonuçlar hakkında daha sağlıklı bir karar verebilmek için denemenin en az bir yıl daha yürütülmesinin uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Aspir, kuru madde verimi, ham protein oranı, NDF, ADF

The effects of different sowing density and harvest periods on dry matter yield and some quality traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Abstract

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the dry matter yield and some quality characteristics of safflower at different planting densities and development stages. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in Usak in 2021 with three replications according to the factorial experimental design in randomized blocks. In the study, safflower was grown at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 plants m-2 planting densities and was harvested in 3 different development stages in bud removal, beginning of flowering and full flowering stage. The plant height, green grass yield, dry matter yield, crude protein rate, crude protein yield, NDF, and ADF rates of safflower were determined. Results: According to the results obtained from the research, depending on the applications, the plant height varied 72.35-77.67 cm, fresh herbage yield 1333.54-2001.87 kg/da, dry matter ratio 16.53-40.73%, dry matter yield 303.72-585.86 kg/da, crude protein ratio 8.36-12.29%, crude protein yield 37.40-55.23 kg/da, NDF ratio 31.30-47.92%, and ADF ratio between 27.61-38.59%. While increasing plant density in the study increased the yield of fresh herbage, dry matter, and crude protein yield, it caused a decrease in quality characteristics with the advancing harvest stage. Conclusion: At the end of the study, it was concluded that for the high yield and quality in safflower grown for roughage, it is more suitable to be sown at 90 plant m-2 sowing density, and the harvest made at the beginning of flowering. But it is appropriate to experiment for at least one more year.

Keywords

Safflower, Dry matter yield, Crude protein ratio, NDF, ADF

References

• Albayrak, S., Güler, M., & Töngel, M. Ö. (2004). Effects of seed rates on forage production and hay quality of vetch-triticale mixtures. Asian J. of Plant Sci., 3 (6): 752-756.
• Albayrak, S., Türk, M., & Yüksel, O. (2009). Effects of phosphorus fertilization and harvesting stages on forage yield and quality of woolypod vetch. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 14(1), 30-40.
• Anonim, (2012). Acid detergent and neutral detergent fiber using ANKOM’s fiber analyzer A220. Ankom Technology Corporation, Fairport, NY. (2012, Kasım 12), Erişim adresi: http:// www.ankom.com/00_products/product_a200. shtml
• Anonim, (2019). Standart Toprak Analizi. Uşak Tarım ve Orman İl Müdürlüğü, Uşak.
• Anonim, (2021). Uşak İli iklim verileri, T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü.
• Arslan, B., Ateş, E., & Coskuntuna, L. (2012). Forage yield and some quality properties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) - fodder Pea (Pisum arvense L.) mixtures, as affected by sowing rates in Thrace region, Turkey. Romanian Agricultural Research, 29, 255-260.
• Berglund, D.R., Riveland, N., & Bergman, J. (1998). Safflower production. North Dakota State University-Extension Service. Erişim adresi: https://library.ndsu.edu/ir/bitstream/handle/10365/9154/A870_2007.pdf?sequence=1
• Bar-Tal, A., Landau, S., Li-xin, Z., Markovitz, T., Keinan, M., Dvash, L., Brener, S., & Weinberg, G. (2008). Fodder Quality of safflower across an ırrigation gradient and with varied nitrogen rates. Agronomy Journal, 100:1499–1505.
• Buxton, D.R. (1996). Quality related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Animal Feed Science Technology. 59, 37-49.
• Corleto, A., Cazzato, E., Laudadio, V. & Petrera, F. (2005). Evolution of biomass and quality of safflower during the reproductive stage for hay and ensiling purposes. Proceedings of the 6th International Safflower Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, In: pp. 69-73.
• Coşkun, Y. (2014). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L )’in kışlık ve yazlık ekim olanakları. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 1(4): 462-468.
• Dajue, L., & Mündel, H.H. (1996). Safflower. Carthamus tinctorius L. promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 7th Edition, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic, Rome.
• Gürsoy, M., Başalma, D., & Nofouzi, F. (2018). Farklı sıra arası ve sıra üzeri mesafelerin aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çeşitlerinin verim ve verim ögelerine etkileri. Selcuk J Agr. Food Sci, 32(1), 20-28.
• Jackson, K. J., & Berthelsen, J. E. (1986). Production of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. in Queensland. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 52: 63–72.
• Kacar, B., & İnal, A. (2008). Bitki analizleri. Nobel Yayınları, Ankara.
• Katar, D., Arslan, Y., Subaşı, İ., Kodaş, R., & Katar, N., (2015). Bölünerek uygulanan azotlu gübrelerin aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) bitkisinde verim ve verim unsurları üzerine etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(02): 11-20.
• Knowles, P. F., & Miller, M. D. (1965). Safflower. California Agric. Exp. Sta., Extension Service Circ., 532.
• Koç, A., & Gökkuş, A. (1996). Annual variation of above ground biomass, vegetation height and crude protein yield on the natural rangelands of Erzurum. Tr. J. Agric. and Forest. 20, 305-308.
• Landau, S., Friedman, S., Brenner, S., Bruckental, I., Weinberg, Z.G., Ashbell, G., Hen, Y., Dvash, L., & Lehsem, Y., (2004). The value of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) hay and silage grown under Mediterranean conditions as forage for dairy cattle. Livestock Prod. Sci., 88: 263-271.
• Landau, S., Molle, G., Fois, N., Friedman, S., Barkai, D., Decandia, M., Cabiddu, A., Dvash, L. & Sitzia, M. (2005). Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a novel pasture species for dairy sheep in the Mediterranean conditions of Sardinia and Israel. Small Ruminant Research, 59, 239-249.
• Leshem, Y., Brukental, I., Landau, S., Ashbell, G., & Weinberg, Z.G., (2001). Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) A promising forage crop for semiarid regions. The XIX International Grassland Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/19/7/14
• Mündel, H. H., Blackshaw, R. E., Byers, J. R., Huang, H. C., Johnson, D. L., Keon, R., Kubik, J., McKenzie, R., Otto, B., Roth, B., & Stanford, K. (2004). Safflower production on the Canadian Prairies. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta. http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/333269/publication.html
• Peiretti, P.G. (2009). Effects of growth stage on chemical composition, organic matter digestibility, gross energy and fatty acid content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Livestock Research for Rural Development, 21(12), 206.
• SAS Institute. (2013). JMP 11.0.0. SAS Istitute Inc., Cary, NC.
• Stanford, K., Wallins, G.L., Lees, B.M. & Mündel, H.H. (2001). Feeding value of immature safflower forage for dry ewes. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 81, 289-292.
• Türk, M., Albayrak, S., & Yüksel, O. (2009). Effects of fertilisation and harvesting stages on forage yield and quality of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. vol: 52, 269-275.
• Wichman, D.M., Welty, L.E., Strang, L.M., Bergman, J.W., Westcott, M.P., Stallknecht, G.F., Riveland, N.R., & Ditterline, R.L., (2001). Assessing the forage production potential of safflower in the Northern Great Plains and Inter-Mountain regions. Proceedings of the 5th International Safflower Conference, Williston, N.D., USA, July 23-27: 269-273.