In Vitro Evaluation of Selenium Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Year 2024, , 99 - 110, 05.07.2024

Göksel Özer , Muharrem Türkkan , Ferit Sönmez , Hüseyin Kabakcı , Mehtap Alkan , Sibel Derviş

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1452105

Abstract

Objective: Selenium (Se) is garnering interest as a promising environmentally friendly element for controlling fungal pathogens in agricultural production. This study evaluated the impact of Se treatments, comprising sodium selenite (selenite) and sodium selenate (selenate) forms, on the growth of 10 plant pathogenic fungi.
Materials and Methods: The impact of Se treatments on the mycelial growth and sporulation of fungi was assessed in in vitro conditions. Probit analysis was used to determine the concentrations of salts that induced a 50% reduction (EC50) in both mycelial growth and sporulation of fungi.
Results: At the highest concentration (120 ppm), selenite demonstrated inhibitory effects on mycelial growth across various species, with a reduction in growth ranging from 6.82% to 62.46%. In contrast, selenate exhibited a broader spectrum of inhibition, affecting mycelial growth from 0% to 87.14%. Across different concentrations, Fusarium pseudograminearum displayed the highest sensitivity to selenite (EC50<24 ppm), followed by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Verticillium dahliae. Similarly, Colletotrichum coccodes exhibited the highest sensitivity to selenate treatment (EC50<24 ppm), followed by B. sorokiniana, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and V. dahliae. Both salts effectively inhibited sporulation across fungal species, with no significant difference observed. Colletotrichum coccodes, F. pseudograminearum, B. cinerea, F. culmorum, V. dahliae, and B. sorokiniana were significantly inhibited by selenite, while F. oxysporum exhibited lower inhibition. Similarly, these species, along with V. dahliae and F. oxysporum, were significantly inhibited by selenate, with slight differences between their inhibition percentages. EC50 values below 24 ppm were observed for C. coccodes, B. cinerea, F. culmorum, B. sorokiniana, and F. oxysporum, indicating potent inhibition of sporulation by both salts. Fusarium pseudograminearum required slightly higher concentrations for 50% inhibition. Verticillium dahliae showed higher sensitivity to selenate than selenite, with EC50 values of 33.16 ppm and below 24 ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of Se's antifungal potential across diverse plant pathogenic fungal species in sustainable agriculture. Further research is warranted to elucidate its mechanisms and optimize treatment protocols for disease management.

Keywords

Na2SeO3, Na2SeO4, antifungal, mycelial growth, sporulation, EC50

Selenyumun Bazı Bitki Patojeni Funguslara Karşı In Vitro Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Selenyum (Se), tarımsal alanlarda fungal patojenlerini kontrol etmek için umut vaat eden çevre dostu bir element olarak ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sodyum selenit (selenit) ve sodyum selenat (selenat) formlarını içeren Se uygulamalarının 10 farklı bitki patojeni fungus türünün büyümesi üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Selenyum uygulamalarının fungusların miselyal gelişmesi ve spor oluşumu üzerindeki etkisi in vitro koşullarda değerlendirilmiştir. Probit analizi, fungusların hem miselyal gelişme hem de spor oluşumunda %50 azalmaya (EC50) yol açan tuz konsantrasyonlarını belirlemek için kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları: En yüksek konsantrasyonda (120 ppm), selenit tüm türlerin miselyal gelişmesini %6.82 ile %62.46 arasında engellemiştir. Buna karşın, selenat daha geniş bir engelleme spektrumu göstermiş ve miselyum büyümesini %0 ile %87.14 arasında etkilemiştir. Farklı konsantrasyonlarda, Fusarium pseudograminearum selenit karşısında (EC50<24 ppm) en yüksek duyarlılığı gösterirken onu Bipolaris sorokiniana ve Verticillium dahliae izlemiştir. Benzer şekilde, Colletotrichum coccodes selenat uygulamasına karşı (EC50<24 ppm) en yüksek duyarlılığı gösterirken, onu B. sorokiniana, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ve V. dahliae takip etmiştir. Her iki tuz da anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmeksizin fungal türleri üzerinde spor oluşumunu etkili bir şekilde inhibe etmiştir. Colletotrichum coccodes, F. pseudograminearum, B. cinerea, F. culmorum, V. dahliae ve B. sorokiniana selenit tarafından anlamlı şekilde inhibe edilmiştir fakat F. oxysporum’a karşı daha düşük bir inhibisyon gözlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde, engelleme yüzdeleri arasında küçük farklar bulunmakla birlikte bu türler, V. dahliae ve F. oxysporum ile birlikte, selenat tarafından anlamlı şekilde inhibe edilmiştir. Colletotrichum coccodes, B. cinerea, F. culmorum, B. sorokiniana ve F. oxysporum için 24 ppm'nin altındaki EC50 değerleri, her iki tuzun da spor oluşumunu etkin bir şekilde inhibe ettiğini göstermiştir. Fusarium pseudograminearum’un %50 inhibisyonu için daha yüksek konsantrasyonların gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Verticillium dahliae, selenit karşısında 33.16 ppm ve selenat karşısında 24 ppm'nin altında olan EC50 değerleri ile selenata karşı daha yüksek duyarlılık göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın bulguları, Se'nin sürdürülebilir tarımda çeşitli bitki patojen fungus türleri üzerindeki antifungal potansiyeline ilişkin anlayışımıza katkıda bulunmaktadır. Hastalık yönetimi için elementin mekanizmalarını anlamak ve uygulama protokollerini optimize etmek için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Na2SeO3, Na2SeO4, antifungal, miselyal gelişme, sporulasyon, EC50

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