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Development of the Teacher-Student Interaction Scale

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 1243 - 1274
https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1585671

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool with proven validity and reliability to measure the interaction between teachers and students. Two different study groups were created with the easily accessible sampling technique. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed with 346 students, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed with 394 students. T-test, EFA and CFA tests were used in the analyses. As a result of EFA, a two-factor structure was revealed for all three scales aimed at measuring teacher-student interaction in the classroom, in-school and out-of-school environments. After EFA, CFA analysis was performed to measure the psychometric properties of the scale, the obtained goodness-of-fit indices were compared with the criteria in the literature and it was seen that the scales met these criteria. The in-class teacher-student interaction scale consists of affective (six items) and motivational (five items), the school environment teacher-student interaction and out-of-school teacher-student interaction scale consists of motivational (four items) and physiological (three items) sub-dimensions, and the out-of-school teacher-student interaction scale consists of motivational (five items) and physiological (four items) sub-dimensions. Expert opinion was obtained for content validity, KGI and KGI values were examined, and since the KGI values were greater than the KGI values, it was seen that the content validity of the items in the scale was statistically significant. The reliability of the scale confirmed with CFA was found to be .86 for in-class, .74 for in-school, and .79 for out-of-school teacher-student interaction. The obtained data show that the scale is reliable. The scale is designed as modular. It can be used to determine teacher-student interaction in different environments according to need.

References

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  • Englehart, J. M. (2009). Teacher–student interaction. In International handbook of research on teachers and teaching (pp. 711–722). Springer US.Teaching.
  • Esen, M. F., & Timor, M. (2019). Çok deği̇şkenli̇ aykırı değer tespi̇ti içi̇n klasi̇k ve dayanıklı mahalanobi̇s uzaklik ölçütleri̇: Fi̇nansal veri̇ ile bi̇r uygulama. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.579570
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Öğretmen-Öğrenci Etkileşimi Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 1243 - 1274
https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1585671

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmen ve öğrenciler arasında var olan etkileşimi ölçmeye yönelik geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği kanıtlanmış bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Kolay ulaşılabilir örneklem tekniği ile iki farklı çalışma grubu oluşturulmuştur. 346 öğrenci ile açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), 394 öğrenci ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerde t-testi, AFA ve DFA testleri kullanılmıştır. AFA sonucunda sınıf içi, okul içi ve okul dışı ortamlardaki öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşimini ölçmeye yönelik üç ölçek için de iki faktörlü yapısı ortaya çıkmıştır. AFA sonrasında ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerini ölçmek için DFA analizi gerçekleştirilmiş, elde edilen iyi uyum indisleri sonuçları alan yazında var olan ölçütler ile karşılaştırılmış ve ölçeklerin bu ölçütleri sağladığı görülmüştür. Sınıf içi öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşim ölçeği duyuşsal (altı madde) ve güdüsel (beş madde), okul ortamı öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşimi ve okul dışı öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşimi ölçeği güdüsel (dört madde) ve fizyolojik (üç madde) ve okul dışı öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşimi ölçeği güdüsel (beş madde) ve fizyolojik (dört madde) alt boyutlardan oluşmaktadır. Kapsam geçerliliği için uzaman görüşü alınmış, KGİ ve KGÖ değerleri incelenmiş, KGİ değerlerinin KGÖ değerlerinden büyük olması nedeni ile ölçekte yer alan maddelerin kapsam geçerliliğinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. DFA ile doğrulanan ölçeğin güvenilirliği Cronbach Alpha değeri hesaplanmış sınıf içi .86, okul içi .74 ve okul dışı öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşimi için .79 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen veriler ölçeğin güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçek modüler olarak tasarlanmıştır. İhtiyaca göre farklı ortamlardaki öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşimini belirlemek için kullanılabilir.

References

  • Alderman, G. L., & Green, S. K. (2011). Social powers and effective classroom management: Enhancing teacher-student relationships. Intervention in School and Clinic, 47(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451211406543
  • Anderson, L. W., & Bourke, S. F. (2000). Assessing affective characteristics in the schools. In Assessing Affective Characteristics in the Schools, Second Edition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Baker, J. A. (2006). Contributions of teacher-child relationships to positive school adjustment during elementary school. Journal of School Psychology, 44(3), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2006.02.002
  • Bakırcıoğlu, R. (2012). Ansiklopedik eğitim ve psikoloji sözlüğü. Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Bayraktutan, Ş. (2008). İlköğretim okullarında sınıf içi iletişimin öğrenci okul başarısına etkisi (İstanbul ili Kartal ilçesi örneği). Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Beykent Üniversitesi.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
  • Birch, S. H., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). The teacher-child relationship and children’s early school adjustment. Journal of School Psychology, 35(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(96)00029-5
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment.
  • Burchinal, M. R., Peisner-Feinberg, E., Pianta, R., & Howes, C. (2002). Development of academic skills from preschool through second grade: Family and classroom predictors of developmental trajectories. Journal of School Psychology, 40(5), 415–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(02)00107-3
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Factor Analysis: Basic Concepts and Using to Development Scale. Educational Administration in Theory and Practice, 32, 470–483.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (16. Baskı). Pegem Akademi Yayınclık.
  • Calp, Ş. (2020). Peaceful and happy schools: How to build positive learning environments. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2020459460
  • Çamdereli, M. (2008). İletişime giriş. Dem Yayınları.
  • Çelik, Y., & Onay, İ. (2017). Stajyer öğrencilerin okullarda öğretmenden öğrenciye yönelik şiddete ilişkin gözlemleri. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(301–333), 1–26.
  • Çengel, M. (2008). Sınıf ikliminin oluşması sürecinde örtük program: meslek liseleri üzerine bir araştırma. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Aydın: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Chaudron, C. (2012). Teacher and student interaction in second language classrooms. In Second Language Classrooms. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139524469.007
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • Davis, E., Waters, E., Mackinnon, A., Reddihough, D., Graham, H. K., Mehmet-Radji, O., & Boyd, R. (2006). Paediatric quality of life instruments: A review of the impact of the conceptual framework on outcomes. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 48(4), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162206000673
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Deveci, H., Karadağ, R., & Yılmaz, F. (2008). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin şiddet algıları. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(24), 28–31.
  • DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development theory and applications. SAGE Publication.
  • Dhillon, N., & Kaur, G. (2023). Impact of personality traits on communication effectiveness of teachers: Exploring the mediating role of their communication style. SAGE Open, 13(2).
  • Englehart, J. M. (2009). Teacher–student interaction. In International handbook of research on teachers and teaching (pp. 711–722). Springer US.Teaching.
  • Esen, M. F., & Timor, M. (2019). Çok deği̇şkenli̇ aykırı değer tespi̇ti içi̇n klasi̇k ve dayanıklı mahalanobi̇s uzaklik ölçütleri̇: Fi̇nansal veri̇ ile bi̇r uygulama. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.579570
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage Publications.
  • Fraire, M., Longobardi, C., Prino, L. E., Sclavo, E., & Settanni, M. (2013). Examining the student-teacher relationship scale in the italian context: A factorial validity study. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 11(3), 851–882. https://doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.31.13068
  • Fraser, B. J., & Walberg, H. J. (2006). Research on teacher-student relationships and learning environments: Context, retrospect and prospect. International Journal of Educational Research, 43, 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2006.03.001
  • Freire, P. (1974). Education for critical consciousness. Continuum. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171367402400405
  • Gordon, D. (1982). The concept of the hidden curriculum. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 16(2), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.1982.tb00611.x
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Social and Humanities Education (Excluding Economics, Business and Management)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yafes Can 0000-0001-5664-6781

Meral Güven 0000-0002-4139-729X

Early Pub Date March 22, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date November 14, 2024
Acceptance Date March 12, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Can, Y., & Güven, M. (2025). Development of the Teacher-Student Interaction Scale. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 1243-1274. https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1585671