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Historical development and current state of virus taxanomy

Year 2017, Volume: 46 Issue: 2, 51 - 57, 08.01.2018

Abstract

When humankind was exploring the world, they felt the need to classify living and non–living elements around them. These were assessed within certain systematics; grouping microorganisms, insects, plants and animals among themselves based on similar characteristics. Just as this method prevents possible confusion, it started the recording of healthy scientific data. The word taxonomy has a Greek root, formed by the combination of the word “taxis” meaning list and “nomos” meaning law. The aim of the science of taxonomy is to collect observation–based information relating to any organism or group of organisms and created systems that can be used in the international field. Over time it has become necessary to classify viruses, a part of this system and which may harm organisms. Though different methods have been used for classification, the decision was made to create a committee for classification of viruses into order, family, subfamily, genus and species at the Moscow International Microbiology Congress in 1966. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) was founded and the classification of viruses was systematically organized. This review deals with discovery of viruses, naming within the historical development of virus taxonomy, taxonomy and criteria differentiating virus taxa.

References

  • Anonim, 2015. Baltimore Classification of Viruses (Website). Molecular Biology Web Book (http://web–books.com/), (Erişim Tarihi: 20 Ekim 2016).
  • Arda, M., 1997. Temel Mikrobiyoloji. Medisan Yayın Serisi, Ankara No:25, 490 s.
  • Calisher, C. H. and B. W. J. Mahy, 2003. Editorial Taxonomy: Get It Right Or Leave It Alone. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 68(5):505–506.
  • Demirsoy, A., 1995, Kalıtım ve Evrim. Meteksan Yayıncılık, Ankara, 73 s.
  • Duckworth, D. H., 1976. Who Discovered Bacteriophage? American Society for Microbiology 40(4):793–802.
  • Fauquet, C. M. and D. Fargette, 2005. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the Unassigned Species. Virology Journal 2:64.
  • Fauquet C. M. and G. P. Martelli, 2013. Viral Classification and Nomenclature. Wiley Online Library, (http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com) (Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ekim 2015).
  • Fenner, F., 1976. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Intervirology 7:1–116.
  • Gibbs, A. J. and B. D. Harrison, 1968. Realistic Approach to Virus Classification and Nomenclature. Nature (London) 218:927–929.
  • King, A. M. Q., F. Brown, P. Christian, T. Hovi, T. Hyypiä, N. J. Knowles, S. M. Lemon, P. D. Minor, A. C. Palmenberg, T. Skern and G. Stanway, 2000. Picornaviridae. In: Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., C. M. Fauquet, D. H. L. Bishop, C. H. Calisher, E. B. Carsten, M. K. Estes, S. M. Lemon, J. Maniloff, M. A. Mayo, D. J. McGeoch, C. R. Pringle and R. B. Wickner, (Eds.) Virus Taxonomy. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, Seventh Report of the ICTV. Academic Press, New–York, San Diego, 657–673.
  • Knowles, N. J., T. Hovi, T. Hyypiä, A. M. Q. King, A. M. Lindberg, M. A. Pallansch, A. C. Palmenberg, P. Simmonds, T. Skern, G. Stanway, T. Yamashita and R. Zell, 2012. Picornaviridae. In: Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Ed: King, A. M. Q., Adams, M. J., Carstens, E. B. and Lefkowitz, E. J. San Diego. Elsevier 855–880.
  • Kuhn, J. H., Y. Bao, S. Bavari, S. Becker, S. Bradfute, J. R. Brister, A. A. Bukreyev, K. Chandran, R. A. Davey, O. Dolnik, J. M. Dye, S. Enterlein, L. E. Hensley, A. N. Honko, P. B. Jahrling, K. M. Johnson, G. Kobinger, E. M. Leroy, M. S. Lever, E. Mühlberger, S. V. Netesov, G. G. Olinger, G. Palacios, J. L. Patterson, J. T., Paweska, L. Pitt, S. R. Radoshitzky, E. O. Saphire, S. J. Smither, R. Swanepoel, J. S. Towner, G. van der Groen, V. E. Volchkov, V. Wahl–Jensen, T. K. Warren, M. Weidmann, S. T. Nichol, 2013. Virus Nomenclature Below The Species Level: A Standardized Nomenclature For Natural Variants Of Viruses Assigned To The Family Filoviridae. Arch Virol., 158(1):301
  • Matthews, R. E. F., 1979. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Intervirology (11):133–135.
  • Matthews, R.E.F., 1982. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Fourth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Intervirology (17): 1–200.
  • Matthews, R. E. F., 1991, Nomenclature, Classification, Origins and Evolution. Plant Virology, Third Edition, Academic Press, Inc., 815 p.
  • Minor, P., 1991. Picornaviridae. In: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Ed. R. I. B. Francki, C. M. Fauquet, D. L. Knudson and F. Brown. Archives of Virology Supplementum (2):320–326.
  • Minor, P., F. Brown, E. Domingo, E. Hoey, A. King, N. Knowles, S. Lemon, A. Palmenberg, R. R. Rueckert, G. Stanway, E. Wimmer, M. Yin–Murphy, 1995. Picornaviridae. In: F. A. Murphy, C. M. Fauquet, S. A. Ghabrial, A. W. Jarvis, G. P. Martelli, M. A. Mayo, M. D. Summers (Eds.) Virus Taxonomy. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, Sixth Report of the ICTV. Springer–Verlag, Vienna Austria, 329–336.
  • Pogue, G. P., J. A. Lindbo, S. J. Garger, and W.P. Fitzmaurice, 2002. Making an Ally from an Enemy: Plant Virology and the New Agriculture. Annual Review of Phytopathology (40):45–74.
  • Scholthof, K. B., 2001. 1898–The Beginning of Virology Time Marches on. The Plant Health Instructor. (www.apsnet.org/edcenter/ intropp/lessons/viruses/pages/tobaccomosaic.aspx) (Erişim Tarihi: 16 Mayıs 2015).
  • Stanway, G., F. Brown, P. Christian, T. Hovi, T. Hyypiä, A. M. Q. King, N. J. Knowles, S. M. Lemon, P. D. Minor, M. A. Pallansch, A. C. Palmenberg and T. Skern, 2005. Family Picornaviridae. In: "Virus Taxonomy. Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses". Eds. Fauquet, C. M., Mayo, M. A., Maniloff, J., Desselberger, U. and Ball, L. A. Elsevier/Academic Press, London, 757–778.
  • Van Regenmortel, M. H., M. A. Mayo, C. M. Fauquet and J. Maniloff, 2000. Virus Nomenclature: Consensus Versus Chaos. Arch Virol. (145):2227–2232.
  • Yardımcı, N., 2013. Bitki Virolojisi. Hasad Yayıncılık ve Reklamcılık Tarım San. Ltd. Şti./İstanbul. 117 s.
  • Wildy, P., 1971, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: First Report of the International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses. Monographs in Virology Ed. J. L. Melnick. Basel: S. Karger, pp:81.

Virüs taksonomisinin tarihsel gelişimi ve son durumu

Year 2017, Volume: 46 Issue: 2, 51 - 57, 08.01.2018

Abstract

İnsanoğlu yaşadığı dünyayı keşfederken etrafındaki canlı ve cansız varlıkları sınıflandırma ihtiyacı duymuştur. Benzer özellikler gösteren mikroorganizmalar, böcekler, bitkiler ve hayvanlar belli bir sistematik içerisinde değerlendirilerek kendi aralarında gruplandırılmıştır. Bu yolla olası bir karmaşanın önüne geçildiği gibi sağlıklı bilimsel veriler de kayıt altına alınmaya başlamıştır. Taksonomi sözcüğü Yunanca kökenli olup sıralama anlamına gelen “taxis” ve yasa anlamına gelen “nomos” sözcüklerinin birleşmesiyle oluşmuştur. Taksonomi biliminin amacı, herhangi bir organizma ya da organizma grubunda yapılan gözlemler sonucunda ortaya konmuş olan bilgileri toplayarak uluslararası alanda kullanılabilir bir sistem oluşturmaktır. Bu sistemin bir parçası olan ve canlılarda zarar yapan virüslerin de zaman içerisinde sınıflandırılması bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Sınıflandırmada farklı yöntemler kullanılsa da 1966 yılında Moskova Uluslararası Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi’nde virüslerin alem, familya, altfamilya, cins ve tür şeklinde sınıflandırılması için bir komite oluşturulmasına karar verilmiştir. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) kurulmuş ve virüslerin sınıflandırılması sistematik olarak düzenlenmiştir. Bu derlemede virüs taksonomisinin tarihsel gelişimi içerisinde isimlendirme, taksonomi ve virüs taksonlarını birbirinden ayıran kıstaslar ele alınmıştır.


References

  • Anonim, 2015. Baltimore Classification of Viruses (Website). Molecular Biology Web Book (http://web–books.com/), (Erişim Tarihi: 20 Ekim 2016).
  • Arda, M., 1997. Temel Mikrobiyoloji. Medisan Yayın Serisi, Ankara No:25, 490 s.
  • Calisher, C. H. and B. W. J. Mahy, 2003. Editorial Taxonomy: Get It Right Or Leave It Alone. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 68(5):505–506.
  • Demirsoy, A., 1995, Kalıtım ve Evrim. Meteksan Yayıncılık, Ankara, 73 s.
  • Duckworth, D. H., 1976. Who Discovered Bacteriophage? American Society for Microbiology 40(4):793–802.
  • Fauquet, C. M. and D. Fargette, 2005. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the Unassigned Species. Virology Journal 2:64.
  • Fauquet C. M. and G. P. Martelli, 2013. Viral Classification and Nomenclature. Wiley Online Library, (http://onlinelibrary.wiley. com) (Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ekim 2015).
  • Fenner, F., 1976. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Intervirology 7:1–116.
  • Gibbs, A. J. and B. D. Harrison, 1968. Realistic Approach to Virus Classification and Nomenclature. Nature (London) 218:927–929.
  • King, A. M. Q., F. Brown, P. Christian, T. Hovi, T. Hyypiä, N. J. Knowles, S. M. Lemon, P. D. Minor, A. C. Palmenberg, T. Skern and G. Stanway, 2000. Picornaviridae. In: Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., C. M. Fauquet, D. H. L. Bishop, C. H. Calisher, E. B. Carsten, M. K. Estes, S. M. Lemon, J. Maniloff, M. A. Mayo, D. J. McGeoch, C. R. Pringle and R. B. Wickner, (Eds.) Virus Taxonomy. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, Seventh Report of the ICTV. Academic Press, New–York, San Diego, 657–673.
  • Knowles, N. J., T. Hovi, T. Hyypiä, A. M. Q. King, A. M. Lindberg, M. A. Pallansch, A. C. Palmenberg, P. Simmonds, T. Skern, G. Stanway, T. Yamashita and R. Zell, 2012. Picornaviridae. In: Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Ed: King, A. M. Q., Adams, M. J., Carstens, E. B. and Lefkowitz, E. J. San Diego. Elsevier 855–880.
  • Kuhn, J. H., Y. Bao, S. Bavari, S. Becker, S. Bradfute, J. R. Brister, A. A. Bukreyev, K. Chandran, R. A. Davey, O. Dolnik, J. M. Dye, S. Enterlein, L. E. Hensley, A. N. Honko, P. B. Jahrling, K. M. Johnson, G. Kobinger, E. M. Leroy, M. S. Lever, E. Mühlberger, S. V. Netesov, G. G. Olinger, G. Palacios, J. L. Patterson, J. T., Paweska, L. Pitt, S. R. Radoshitzky, E. O. Saphire, S. J. Smither, R. Swanepoel, J. S. Towner, G. van der Groen, V. E. Volchkov, V. Wahl–Jensen, T. K. Warren, M. Weidmann, S. T. Nichol, 2013. Virus Nomenclature Below The Species Level: A Standardized Nomenclature For Natural Variants Of Viruses Assigned To The Family Filoviridae. Arch Virol., 158(1):301
  • Matthews, R. E. F., 1979. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Intervirology (11):133–135.
  • Matthews, R.E.F., 1982. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Fourth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Intervirology (17): 1–200.
  • Matthews, R. E. F., 1991, Nomenclature, Classification, Origins and Evolution. Plant Virology, Third Edition, Academic Press, Inc., 815 p.
  • Minor, P., 1991. Picornaviridae. In: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Ed. R. I. B. Francki, C. M. Fauquet, D. L. Knudson and F. Brown. Archives of Virology Supplementum (2):320–326.
  • Minor, P., F. Brown, E. Domingo, E. Hoey, A. King, N. Knowles, S. Lemon, A. Palmenberg, R. R. Rueckert, G. Stanway, E. Wimmer, M. Yin–Murphy, 1995. Picornaviridae. In: F. A. Murphy, C. M. Fauquet, S. A. Ghabrial, A. W. Jarvis, G. P. Martelli, M. A. Mayo, M. D. Summers (Eds.) Virus Taxonomy. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses, Sixth Report of the ICTV. Springer–Verlag, Vienna Austria, 329–336.
  • Pogue, G. P., J. A. Lindbo, S. J. Garger, and W.P. Fitzmaurice, 2002. Making an Ally from an Enemy: Plant Virology and the New Agriculture. Annual Review of Phytopathology (40):45–74.
  • Scholthof, K. B., 2001. 1898–The Beginning of Virology Time Marches on. The Plant Health Instructor. (www.apsnet.org/edcenter/ intropp/lessons/viruses/pages/tobaccomosaic.aspx) (Erişim Tarihi: 16 Mayıs 2015).
  • Stanway, G., F. Brown, P. Christian, T. Hovi, T. Hyypiä, A. M. Q. King, N. J. Knowles, S. M. Lemon, P. D. Minor, M. A. Pallansch, A. C. Palmenberg and T. Skern, 2005. Family Picornaviridae. In: "Virus Taxonomy. Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses". Eds. Fauquet, C. M., Mayo, M. A., Maniloff, J., Desselberger, U. and Ball, L. A. Elsevier/Academic Press, London, 757–778.
  • Van Regenmortel, M. H., M. A. Mayo, C. M. Fauquet and J. Maniloff, 2000. Virus Nomenclature: Consensus Versus Chaos. Arch Virol. (145):2227–2232.
  • Yardımcı, N., 2013. Bitki Virolojisi. Hasad Yayıncılık ve Reklamcılık Tarım San. Ltd. Şti./İstanbul. 117 s.
  • Wildy, P., 1971, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: First Report of the International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses. Monographs in Virology Ed. J. L. Melnick. Basel: S. Karger, pp:81.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Nesrin Uzunoğulları This is me

Mustafa Gümüş

Publication Date January 8, 2018
Submission Date August 3, 2017
Acceptance Date January 2, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 46 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Uzunoğulları, N., & Gümüş, M. (2018). Virüs taksonomisinin tarihsel gelişimi ve son durumu. Bahçe, 46(2), 51-57.
AMA Uzunoğulları N, Gümüş M. Virüs taksonomisinin tarihsel gelişimi ve son durumu. Bahçe. January 2018;46(2):51-57.
Chicago Uzunoğulları, Nesrin, and Mustafa Gümüş. “Virüs Taksonomisinin Tarihsel gelişimi Ve Son Durumu”. Bahçe 46, no. 2 (January 2018): 51-57.
EndNote Uzunoğulları N, Gümüş M (January 1, 2018) Virüs taksonomisinin tarihsel gelişimi ve son durumu. Bahçe 46 2 51–57.
IEEE N. Uzunoğulları and M. Gümüş, “Virüs taksonomisinin tarihsel gelişimi ve son durumu”, Bahçe, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 51–57, 2018.
ISNAD Uzunoğulları, Nesrin - Gümüş, Mustafa. “Virüs Taksonomisinin Tarihsel gelişimi Ve Son Durumu”. Bahçe 46/2 (January 2018), 51-57.
JAMA Uzunoğulları N, Gümüş M. Virüs taksonomisinin tarihsel gelişimi ve son durumu. Bahçe. 2018;46:51–57.
MLA Uzunoğulları, Nesrin and Mustafa Gümüş. “Virüs Taksonomisinin Tarihsel gelişimi Ve Son Durumu”. Bahçe, vol. 46, no. 2, 2018, pp. 51-57.
Vancouver Uzunoğulları N, Gümüş M. Virüs taksonomisinin tarihsel gelişimi ve son durumu. Bahçe. 2018;46(2):51-7.

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