Kirazlarda Tepe Kesiminin Büyüme, Verim Ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 51 Issue: 2, 117 - 125, 21.11.2022

Alpcan Akın , Dilek Soysal , Derviş Emre Doğan , Adis Lızalo , Hüsnü Demirsoy

https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1109945

Abstract

Kiraz bir orman ağacı hüviyetindedir. Büyük ağaç yapma ve apikal dominansiye eğilimi yüksektir. Bu nedenle ağacın uygun bir budama ile mutlaka şekillendirilmesi gerekir. Kiraz ağaçlarının budanmasında birçok kesim tipi vardır. Ancak tepe ve seyreltme kesimleri iki temel kesim tipi olarak bilinmektedir. Tepe kesimleri sürgünlerin uç kısımlarının, sürgünün yaklaşık 1/4-1/3’ü kadar, kısaltılmasıdır. Seyreltme kesimleri ise sürgünün tümden çıkarılmasıdır. Kiraz yetiştiriciliğinde Gisela 3, Gisela 5, Gisela 6, PHL-C, PiKU 1, PiKU 3, CAB 6P gibi farklı büyüklüklerde ağaçlar yapan çok sayıda anaç bulunmaktadır. Bu anaçlardan bodur Gisela serisi üzerindeki ağaçlarda tepe kesiminin önemi birçok çalışmayla ortaya konmuştur. Fakat PiKU 3 ve CAB 6P gibi yarı kuvvetli anaçlar üzerinde tepe kesiminin yapılıp yapılmayacağına dair herhangi bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Oysa ülkemizde bu anaçlarla da bahçeler kurulmaktadır. Samsun’da 2019-2021 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmada ‘Regina’/CAB 6P ve ‘Summit’/PİKU 3 kombinasyonlarında tepe kesiminin büyüme, verim ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Denemede ağaç ve taç hacimleri (m3), meyve ağırlığı (g), meyve eni (mm), meyve sertliği (kg/cm2), suda çözünür kuru madde içeriği (%) ve verim (kg/ağaç) gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda tepe kesiminin bu kombinasyonlarda ilgili parametreler bakımından etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte tepe kesiminin yan dal sayısını artırdığı ve sürgün boylarını daha makul yaptığı gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

Prunus avium L, yarı bodur anaç, budama, seyreltme kesimi

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

TOVAG 119O928

Thanks

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 1002 TOVAG 119O928 no’lu proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Bu desteklerinden dolayı TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz.

Effects of Heading Cuts on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality in Cherries

Abstract

A Cherry is a forest tree. It has a high propensity for large tree formation and apical dominance. So, the tree must be shaped by pruning. There are lots of cut types for the pruning of cherry trees. But heading cuts and thinning cuts are known as two basic cut types. Heading cuts are the shortening of the terminal part of the shoots. Thinning cuts are defined as the total removal of the shoot. In cherries, many rootstocks make trees of different sizes, such as Gisela 3, Gisela 5, Gisela 6, PHL-C, PiKU 1, PiKU 3, CAB 6P. The importance of heading cuts in rootstocks such as PHL-C and Gisela series has been demonstrated by many studies. But there is no information in the literature on whether to make a heading cut on semi-dwarf rootstocks such as PİKU 3 and CAB 6P. In this study conducted in Samsun between 2019 and 2020, aim is to determine the effect of heading cuts on growth, yield, and fruit quality on ‘Regina’/CAB 6P and ‘Summit’/PIKU 3, variety/rootstock combinations. Properties such as tree and crown canopy volumes, fruit weight, fruit width, fruit firmness, soluble solids content, and yield were determined. As a result of the research, it was determined that the heading cutting did not affect these combinations in terms of the relevant parameters. However, the data and observations taken from the experiment show that the heading cut increases the number of lateral shoots and makes the shoot lengths more reasonable.

Keywords

Prunus avium L., semi-dwarf rootstock, pruning

Project Number

TOVAG 119O928

References

• 1. Anderson, R., Robinson, T., Freer J., 2005. Cherry rootstocks trials at Geneva, New York Fruit Quarterly, 13(3):15-16.
• 2. Ayala, M., Lang G.A., 2017. Cherries, crop physiology production and uses. In: A.D. Webster, N.E. Looney, (Eds.): Morphology, Cropping Physiology and Canopy Training. CABI Publishing. London, UK.pp: 269-300.
• 3. Davis, P.H., 1972. Flora of Turkey and Aegean Island. Volume 4. University Press, Edinburgh.
• 4. Demirsoy, H., Demirsoy, L., 2003. Characteristics of some local and standard sweet cherry cultivars grown in Turkey. Journal of the American Pomological Society 57: 128-136.
• 5. Demirsoy, H., 2015. Kiraz yetiştiriciliği. İstanbul: Hasad Yayıncılık.
• 6. FAO, 2020. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Agriculture Department Databases and Statistic. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E
• 7. Faust, M., Suranyi, D., 1997. Origin and dissemination of cherry. J. Janick, (Ed): Hort. Rev.19. John Wiley&Sons. Inc.
• 8. Gjamovski, V., Kiprijanovski, M., Arsov T., 2016. Evaluation of some cherry varieties grafted on Gisela 5 rootstock. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 40: 737-745.
• 9. Glowacka, A., Ropzara E., 2014. Examination of the suitability of different pollinators for four sweet cherry cultivars commonly grown in Poland. Journal of Horticultural Research, 22: 85-91.
• 10. Hoying, S.A., Robinson, T.L., Andersen R.L., 2001. Improving sweet cheery branching, New York Fruit Quarterly, 9: 13-16.
• 11. Kappel, F., Granger, A., Hrotkó, K., Schuster, M., 2012. Cherry. In fruit breeding, M.L. Badanes, and D.H. Byrne, (Eds.): New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London: Springer, pp.459–504.
• 12. Lang, G.A., 2001. Intensive sweet cherry orchard systems – rootstocks, vigor, precocity, productivity and management, Compact Fruit Tree, 34: 23–26.
• 13. Lang, G.A., Nugent, J., Anderson R., 2003. Fresh market sweet cherry varieties for eastern North America. The Fruit Growers News. April, 44-46.
• 14. Lang, G.A., 2005. Underlying principles of high density sweet cherry production. Acta Horticulturae, 667, 325-336.
• 15. Lang, G.A., 2006. Cherry rootstocks, Hortscience, 41(5:1109-1110.
• 16. Lang, G., Wilkinson, T., Larson J., 2017. Insight for orchard design and management using intensive sweet cherry canopy architectures on dwarfing to semi-vigorous rootstocks, 8. International Cherry Symposium, 5-9 June, Abstract book, Yamagata, Japan.5.
• 17. Long, L.E., 2007. Four simple steps to pruning cherry trees on Gisela and other productive rootstocks. A pacific Northwest Extension publication. Oregon State University, University of Idaho, Washington State University. PNW592.
• 18. Macit İ., Lang G.A., Demirsoy H., 2017. Bud management affects fruit wood growth and precocity of cherry trees. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 41: 42-49.
• 19. Marini, R., 2003. Physiology of pruning fruit trees. Virginia Cooperative Extension Horticulture Publication, 422-025.
• 20. Musacchi S., Lugli S., 2014. High density planting for sweet cherry orchards. Acta Horticulturae, 1020: 489-496.
• 21. Musacchi, S., Gagliardi, F., Sara S., 2015. New training systems for high-density planting of sweet cherry. HortScience, 50 (1):59-67.
• 22. Nugent, J., Lang, G., Shane, B., 2005. Early twenty first century cherry varieties for the great lakes and Eastern North America, New York Fruit Quarterly, 13 (3):11-14.
• 23. Perry, R.L., 1987. Cherry rootstocks, rootstocks for fruit crops. In Rom, R.C., Carlson, R.F., A Wiley (Eds.): Interscience Publication.
• 24. Perez-Sanchez, R., Gomez-Sanchez, M.A., Morales-Corts M.R., 2010. Description and quality evaluation of sweet cherries cultured in Spain. J Food Quality, 33: 490-506.
• 25. Robinson, T. L., Hoying S.A., 2014. Training system and rootstock affect yield, fruit size, fruit quality and crop value of sweet cherry. Acta Horticulturae, 1020: 453-462.
• 26. Robinson, T. L., Hoying, S. A., Dominguez L., 2017. Interaction of training system and rootstock on yield, fruit size, fruit quality and crop value of three sweet cherry cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 1161: 231-238.
• 27. Soysal, D., Demirsoy, L., Macit, İ., Lang, G., Demirsoy H., 2019. The applicability of new training systems for sweet cherry in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 43(3):318–325.
• 28. Stehr, R., 2005. Experiences with dwarfing sweet cherry rootstocks in Nothern Germany, Acta Horticulturae, 667:173-178.
• 29. Toprak, R., Soysal, D., Demirsoy H., 2018. The effect of Perlan and bud management on growth lateral shoots and the precocity of cherry nursery trees. Turkish Journal Of Agriculture and Forestry, 42(4): 281–287.
• 30. TUIK, 2022. Turkish Statistical Institute. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreÇizelge.do?alt_id=1001
• 31. Wade, G.L., Westerfield, R.R., 1999. Basic principles of pruning woody plants. (https://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/32747/Basic%20Principles%20of%20Pruning%20Woody%20Plants.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y), Erişim tarihi: Mayıs 2020.
• 32. Whiting, M.D., Rodriguez, C., Toye J., 2008. Preliminary testing of a reflective ground cover: sweet cherry growth, yield and fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae, 795, 557–560.
• 33. Wocior, S., 2008. The effect of roodstock on the growth and yielding of ‘Regina’ cherry trees. Folia Horticulturae, 20(1):15-22.