The Effect of Watching Video Method on Pain Level and Physiological Parameters During Vaccine Injection in Children: A Randomized Controlled Study

Year 2024, , 397 - 405, 28.08.2024

Kübra Tok , Dilek Konuk Şener

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1435567

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the watching video method applied to children during vaccine injection on pain level and physiologic parameters. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 60 children who agreed to participate in the study as a result of the power analysis and met the inclusion criteria. Personal Information Form, FLACC Pain Scale and Physiological Parameter Assessment Form were used to collect the data. Results: When the pain level of the children was evaluated, it was determined that the FLACC Pain Scale scores of the children in the watching video group during and after the procedure were significantly lower than the children in the control group (p<0.001). When the physiologic parameter results were examined, it was determined that the heart rate values of the children in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group after the procedure (p<0.05), and the oxygen saturation values of the children in the control group decreased significantly after the procedure compared to before the procedure (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was observed that the watching video method applied to children as a distraction method during vaccine injection was effective in reducing the level of pain. In line with these results, it is recommended to use video distraction method in order to decrease the pain level and positively affect the oxygen saturation values of children receiving vaccine injection.

Keywords

children, distraction, pain, vaccines, video recording

References

• Abdelmoniem, S. A., & Mahmoud, S. A. (2016). Comparative evaluation of passive, active, and passive-active distraction techniques on pain perception during local anesthesia administration in children. Journal of Advanced Research, 7(3), 551-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2015.10.001
• Aşkan G. (2022). The effect of cartoons and musical-animated toys on children's pain and fear level in the invasive procedure application. [master’s thesis]. Ataturk University; Erzurum
• Atak, M., ve Özyazıcıoğlu, N. (2021). The effect of different audio distraction methods on children's postoperative pain and anxiety. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 36(1), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.06.028
• Başkaya, M. (2019). The effect of the cartoon shown to children before phlebotomy to prepare them to the procedure on their fear and pain. [master’s thesis]. Eskişehir Osmangazi University; Eskişehir
• Bayır, E., Günşen, G. (2017). Scientific analysis of cartoons which children watch the most in preschool period. Trakya Journal of Education, 7(2), 746-761.
• Birnie, K. A., Noel, M., Chambers, C. T., Uman, L. S., & Parker, J. A. (2018). Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10(10): CD005179. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD 005179.pub4.
• Brand, K. (2022). Pain assessment in children. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 23(5), 260-263.
• Canbulat, N., Inal, S., & Sönmezer, H. (2014). Efficacy of distraction methods on procedural pain and anxiety by applying distraction cards and kaleidoscope in children. Asian Nursing Research, 8(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2013.12.001.
• Cerne, D., Sannino, L., & Petean, M. (2015). A randomised controlled trial examining the effectiveness of cartoons as a distraction technique. Nursing Children and Young People, 27(3), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.27.3.28.e534.
• Cobb, J. E., & Cohen, L. L. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of the ShotBlocker for children's immunization distress. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 25(9), 790–796. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181af1324
• Cohen, L. L., Blount, R. L., & Panopoulos, G. (1997). Nurse coaching and cartoon distraction: An effective and practical intervention to reduce child, parent, and nurse distress during immunizations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22(3), 355–370. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/22.3.355
• Çalı Ö. (2020). Determining the effect of atraumatic care package applied before, during and after the peripheral intravenous catheter intervention in preschool children on the child's pain level, emotional and physiological indicator. [master’s thesis]. Yeditepe University; Istanbul.
• Erbay, E. (2016). Effect of the distraction technique which is done during peripheral venous cannulation in the children on reducing pain. [master’s thesis]. Bulent Ecevit University Institute of Health Sciences, Zonguldak
• Erdogan, B., & Ozdemir, A. A. (2021). The effect of three different methods on venipuncture pain and anxiety in children: Distraction cards, virtual reality, and Buzzy®(randomized controlled trial). Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 58, e54-e62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.01.001
• Gates, M., Hartling, L., Shulhan-Kilroy, J., MacGregor, T., Guitard, S., Wingert, A., ... & Ali, S. (2020). Digital technology distraction for acute pain in children: a metaanalysis. Pediatrics, 145(2).
• Gökoğlu, A. (2020). The effects of active and passive distraction methods on pain, fear, and anxiety during the invasive procedure in children. [master's thesis]. İstanbul University Cerrahpasa, Institute of Graduate Studies, İstanbul
• Güngör, T., Öztürk Şahin, Ö. (2021). Analysis of two nonpharmacological pain management methods for vaccine injection pain in infants: A randomized controlled trial. Agri/Journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 33(1): 15-22. https://doi.org/10.14744/agri.2020.54289
• IASP [Internet]. Announces Revised Definition of Pain.[Updated: 2020; Cited: 2023 Dec 25]. Available from:https://www.iasppain.org/publications/iaspnews/iasp-announces-revised-definition-of-pain/
• Inan, G., & Inal, S. (2019). The impact of 3 different distraction techniques on the pain and anxiety levels of children during venipuncture. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 35(2), 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000666. Kara, R., & Bal Yılmaz, H. (2020). Examining the methods used to reduce the ınterventional pain by nurses in pediatric clinics. HEAD, 17(2), 104-11. https://doi.org/ 10.5222/HEAD.2020.13334
• Karakaya, A., & Gözen, D. (2016). The effect of distraction on pain level felt by school-age children during venipuncture procedure—Randomized controlled trial. Pain Management Nursing, 17(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2015.08.005.
• Kıran, B., Çalik, C., & Esenay, F. I. (2013). Therapeutic play: communication key with sick child. Journal of Ankara Health Sciences, 2(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1501/Asbd0000000038
• Krishnegowda, M., Unki, P., Manuja, L. M., & Kerudi, M. P. (2023). Effectiveness of cartoon video as a distraction strategy on pain perception during venepuncture among children. J Med Sci Res, 11(1), 42-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/JMSR.2023/11-9
• Kudubeş A. A., Bektaş İ, Bektaş M. (2021). Nursing role in children pain management. J Educ Res Nurs, 18(1):107-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/jern. 2021.91489
• Lobo, M. R., & Umarani, J. (2013). Cartoon distraction reduces venipuncture pain among preschoolers–a quasiexperimental study. Medical Science, 2(6):454-456.
• McCaffrey, M., & Ferrell, B. R. (1997). Nurses' knowledge of pain assessment and management: How much progress have we made? Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 14(3), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0885-3924(97)00170-X
• Merkel, S. I., Voepel-Lewis, T., Shayevitz, J.R, Malviya, S. (1997). The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs, 23(3):293-7.
• Miozzo, A. P., Stein, C., Bozzetto, C. B., & Plentz, R. D. M. (2016). Massage therapy reduces pain and anxiety after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Clinical Trials and Regulatory Science in Cardiology, 23, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrsc.2016.11.003
• Okyay, R. D., & Ayoğlu, H. (2018). Postoperative pain management in children. Pediatric Practice and Research, 6(2), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.21765/pprjournal.414257
• Reisli, R. (2018). Assessment of pain in childhood. Pain, 1, 1–11.
• Shen, Q., Huang, Z., Leng, H., Luo, X., & Zheng, X. (2022). Efficacy and safety of nonpharmacological interventions for neonatal pain: An overview of systematic reviews. BMJ Open, 12(9), e062296. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062296
• Şenaylı, Y., Özkan, F., Şenaylı, A., Bıçakçı, Ü. (2006). Evaluation of postoperative pain in children with FLACC pain scale in Turkish translation. Turkiye Klinikleri J Anest Reanim, 4:1-4.
• Törüner, E.K., Büyükgönenç, L. (2015). Çocuklarda ağrı yönetimi. İçinde: Çocuk sağlığı temel hemşirelik yaklaşımları. Amasya: Göktuğ Yayıncılık; s:146-170.
• Wang, Z. X., Sun, L. H., & Chen, A. P. (2008). The efficacy of nonpharmacological methods of pain management in school-age children receiving venepuncture in a paediatric department: a randomized controlled trial of audiovisual distraction and routine psychological intervention. Swiss Medical Weekly, 138(39-40), 579-584.https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2008. 12224