Türkiye’deki Doğal Afetlerin Kadın Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri: Doğal Afet ve Kadın Sağlığı

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 121 - 130, 29.12.2023

Ramazan Alkan , Özden Tandoğan

https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1389064

Abstract

İnsani acil müdahale sırasında savunmasız nüfusun ihtiyaçlarına daha fazla dikkat edilmelidir. Savunmasız popülasyonlar, kötü sağlık sonuçlarına duyarlılığı artan ve afetlerden orantısız bir şekilde etkilenen gruplardır. Kadınlar özellikle afet sonrası travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna ve depresyona karşı savunmasızdır. Sağlık sorunları arasındaki bağlantıyı anlamak, doğal afet mağdurları için yeterli afet müdahalesini ve yardım çabalarını bilgilendirmek için önemlidir. Deprem dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de sıkça görülen doğa olayıdır. Kadınların doğal afetlerin kadın sağlığı üzerindeki etkisini küresel bir perspektiften belirlemek için çok az sayıda çalışma vardır. Sağlık profesyonelleri ülke genelinde olağanüstü bir doğa olayında etkin bir şekilde görev almaktadır ve hemşirelerinde kadın sağlığını korumak adına büyük öneme sahiptir. Gerek hasta bakımı gerekse afete hazırlıkta önemli role sahiptirler. Yakın süreçte yaşanan 6 Şubat depremlerinde bunun örneğini görmüş olduk. Afet durumlarında kadın ve erkeğin uğradığı zararın eşit olmadığı, kadınların savunmasızlığı, çeşitli çalışmaların ve afet yönetimi yönergelerinin odak noktası olmuştur.
Derlemenin amacı, doğal afetlerden sonra kadınları yaygın olarak etkileyen spesifik ruh sağlığı üzerine etkilerini incelemek, afetin kadınlar üzerindeki etkisini vurgulamaktır.

Keywords

Afet, Deprem, Hemşirelik, Kadın sağlığı, Psikiyatri

EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON WOMEN'S HEALTH IN TURKEY

Abstract

Greater attention should be paid to care during humanitarian emergency response. Vulnerable populations are groups that are more likely to develop poor health and are disproportionately affected by disasters. It is resilience to stress disorder and resilience in women, especially after disaster and trauma. Wiring between health issues is important to inform adequate disaster response and relief efforts for natural disaster disruptions. Earthquake is a natural event that is frequently seen today, as well as in the world. There are few studies to identify women's natural disasters on women's health from a global perspective. Health professionals are working effectively in an extraordinary natural event across the country and have major winners in their Certificates to ensure the protection of women. Both patient care deficiencies play an important role in disaster preparedness. A similar situation occurred in the recent February 6 earthquakes. The unequal distribution of women and men in disaster situations has been the focus of various herds and disaster management instructions.The purpose of the review is to highlight specific mental health statements commonly presented to women after natural disasters, highlighting the characteristics of the disaster on women.

Keywords

Disaster, Earthquake, Nursing, Women, Psychiatry

References

• Alam K, Rahman M. H. Women in natural disasters: a case study from southern coastal region of Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2014; 4(1):50-61.
• American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association 2015; 5(5).
• Arao H, Numata Y , Kawasaki Y, Makino S, Sakashita R, Uchinuno A. Actual circumstances of treatment and nursing care for cancer patients in disaster situations: A survey of nurses who experienced the Great Hanshin‐Awaji Earthquake. Japan Journal of Nursing Science 2007; 4(2): 111-119.
• Ataseven A. Alopesi areatalı hastalarda serum sitokin düzeyleri, anksiete ve depresyon ilişkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Fırat Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Dermatoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Elazığ, Turkiye, 2005.
• Azad K, Hossain M, Nasreen M. Flood-induced vulnerabilities and problems encountered by women in northern Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2013.
• Brady K, Killeen T, Brewerton T, Lucerini S. Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2000; 61: 22-32.
• Brandt J, Churchill L, Rehman A, Ellis G, Mehmet A, Krueger J M. Sleep deprivation increases the activation of nuclear factor kappa B in lateral hypothalamic cells. Brain Research 2004; 1004(1-2): 91-97. Einstein A, Podolsky B, Rosen N. Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? American Physical Society 1935; 47: 777-780.
• Ginige K, Amaratunga N, Haigh, R. Gender mainstreaming in disaster reduction: why and how? Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal 2008; 18: 23-24 doı:10.1108 / 09653560910938510 Habertürk,https://www.haberturk.com/ankara-haberleri/30351214-kahramanmaras-merkezli-depremlerin-ardindan-6-binin-uzerinde-artcisarsinti-yasandi. Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2023.
• Habtezion S. Gender, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Training Module 2016.
• Hamama K, Palgi Y, Shrira Y, Goodwin A , Kaniasty R, Ben-Ezra, M. Gender differences in psychological reactions to Hurricane Sandy among New York metropolitan area residents. Psychiatric Quarterly 2015; 86: 285-296. Kapsimalis, F., Basta, M., Varouchakis, G., Gourgoulianis, K., Vgontzas, A., & Kryger, M. Cytokines and pathological sleep. Sleep Medicine 2008; 9(6): 603-614.
• Kessler R, Rose C, Koenen S, Karam C, Stang E, Stein P, Viana M. How well can post‐traumatic stress disorder be predicted from pre‐trauma risk factors? An exploratory study in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. World Psychiatry 2014; 13(3): 265-274.
• Kim Y, Lee H. Sleep Problems among Disaster Victims: A Long-Term Survey on the Life Changes of Disaster Victims in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021; 18(6): 3294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063294
• Liu X, Yang Y, Yuan P, Zhang K, Han Y, Cao Y, Xiong G. A study of the relationship between mental health and menstrual abnormalities in female middle school students from post-earthquake Wenchuan. Bioscience Trends 2010 ; 4(1).
• Lépine J. P. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: prevalence and societal costs. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2002; 63(14): 4–8.
• McKinney J, Hirsch M, Britton K. PTSD symptoms and suicide risk in veterans: Serial indirect effects via depression and anger. Journal of Affective Disorders 2017; 214: 100-107.
• Neria Y, Nandi A, Galea S. Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine. Cambridge University Press; 2008;38(4):467–80.
• Neumayer E, Plümper T. The gendered nature of natural disasters: The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 2007; 97(3): 551-566. NTV, Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremlerde can kaybı 45 bini aştı. https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/turkiye/kahramanmaras-merkezlidepremlerde-can-kaybi-43-bini-asti,wUVDL2h06kGMjbzk_ysi3Q/x0uCFOtSBk-9kiHpXwPcgw.Son Güncelleme : 04.03.2023 - 22:57, Erişim Tarihi: 06.03.2023.
• Partinen M. Sleep disorders and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1994; 38: 89–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(94)90139-2 Paykel E. Depression in women. The British Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 158(S10): 22-29. Rahman M. Climate change, disaster and gender vulnerability: A study on two divisions of Bangladesh. American Journal of Human Ecology 2013; 2(2): 72-82.
• Sohrabizadeh S, Tourani, Khankeh R. Women and health consequences of natural disasters: challenge or opportunity? Women Health 2016; 56(8): 977-993.
• Takahashi S, Kapás L, Fang J, Krueger J. M. (1999). Somnogenic relationships between tumor necrosis factor and interleukin. American Physiological Society Journal 1999; 276(4): R1132-R1140. Tang B, Liu X, Liu Y. A meta-analysis of risk factors for depression in adults and children after natural disasters. BMC Public Health 2014; 14(623). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-623
• Villagonzalo A, Dodd S, Ng F, Mihaly S, Langbein A, Berk M. The relationship between substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder in a methadone maintenance treatment program. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2011; 52(5): 562-566. Vikipedi Özgür Ansiklopedi. 2023 Gaziantep-Kahramanmaraş depremleri. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_GaziantepKahramanmara%C5%9F_depremleri. Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2023. Yehuda R, Hoge C, McFarlane C, Vermetten E, Lanius A, Nievergelt C, Hyman E. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2015; 1(1): 1-3.
• World Health Organization.Türkiye earthquake: external situation report no. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe 2013; 5(2): 13–19. Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2023.
• Xiong X, Harville E, Mattison R, Elkind-Hirsch K, Pridjian G, Buekens, P. Hurricane Katrina experience and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression among pregnant women. American Journal of Disaster Medicine 2010; 5(3): 181. Xu J, Song X. Posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake 1 year after: prevalence and risk factors. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2011; 52(4): 431-437.